1. Middle Ages
Christian Church Banned
A.D. 313 – Accepted Religion – Roman Empire
Why?
Emperor Constantine
In 380 - Christianity became a Official Religion

2. Middle Ages
 Thousand year of germination and growth
 School System
 Cathedral Schools
 In year 1200 – First University

3. Middle Ages
 In1000 years – People believed that
Christianity was true.
 “Was there a contradiction between the
Bible and reason or were the belief and
knowledge compatible?”

4. Middle Ages
 St. Augustine of Hippo
 354 to 430
 Was born in the little town of Thagaste in
North Africa
 He went to Carthage to study
 He was a Manichean
 He was influenced by Stoic Philosophy

5. Middle Ages
 “Absence of God is Evil”
 Evil comes from man’s disobedience
St. Augustine divides people into two groups
in his work City of God.
 A struggle between the Kingdom of God
and Kingdom of the World
 They struggle for mastery inside every single
person

6. Middle Ages
 St. Thomas Aquinas
 1225 to 1274
 From the little town of Aquino
 Worked as a teacher at the University of Paris
 Used Aristotelian Philosophy combined with
theological principles
 Man’s need should be satisfied by the state
 Man’s self sufficiency and satisfaction can be
acquired at the end of his life
 Responsibilities of the State are only
subordinates of the responsibilities of the church

7. Middle Ages
 St.Thomas of Aquinas made the Summa
Theologica.
 Complete scientific exposition of theology
and the summary of Christian philosophy.

8. Renaissance
 Humanism – new view of mankind
 Throughout the whole medieval period,
the point of departure had always been
God.
 Characterized as individualism
 We are unique individuals
 Renaissance man – a man of universal
genius.

9. Renaissance
 Man did not exist purely for God’s sake.
Man could therefore delight in life here
and now.
 Reawakened

10. Renaissance
 “Rebirth”
 Arts
 Science
 Economics
 Humanism

11. Italian Renaissance Vs.
Northern Renaissance
 Northern: strongly influenced by church
Italy: less influenced by church
Northern: focused on bible, church
Italy: focused on classics

12. Italian Renaissance Vs.
Northern Renaissance

13. Renaissance
 Arts
Mona Lisa
Madonna and Child
Statue of David
Creation of Man

14. Renaissance
 Science & Technology
 Compass
 Portable Firearms
 Printing Press
 Telescope
 Empirical Method

15. Renaissance
 Economics
 Transitionfrom subsistence economy to
monetary economy
 Lively commerce and goods
 Banking
 Cities grew and prospered during the
Renaissance and rulers learned to tax the
people.

16. Renaissance Figures
 Francis Bacon
 Used empirical method
 The view that experience, especially of the
senses, is the only source of knowledge.
 “Knowledge is power”
 allknowledge of matters of fact derives from
experience and that the mind is not furnished
with a set of concepts in advance of
experience

17. Renaissance Figures
 Galileo Galilei – One of the greatest natural
philosophers/ scientist in the history of
empirical and mathematical science
 First concepted the law of inertia
 A body will preserve its velocity and direction so
long as no force in its motion's direction acts on
it.
 Inertia: an object in a state of motion possesses
an ``inertia'' that causes it to remain in that state
of motion

18. Renaissance Figures
 Galileo Galilee
 invented the thermometer
 he was the first to use the telescope to
study the heavens systematically
 He also promulgated the theory that Earth
and other planets in our solar system
revolve around the Sun.

19. Renaissance Figures
 Isaac Newton
 Provided the final description of the solar
system and planetary orbits.
 Formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation
 Thereis a gravitational force acting between
any two objects in the universe. There is a
gravitational force between you and Earth

20. Renaissance Figures
 Isaac Newton
 Newton built the first practical reflecting
telescope
 He also formulated an empirical law of cooling
and studied the speed of sound
 Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz
for the development of differential and integral
calculus.
 He also demonstrated the generalized binomial
theorem.

21. Renaissance Figures
 Leonardo Da Vinci
 archetype of the "Renaissance
man", a man whose seemingly
infinite curiosity was equaled
only by his powers of invention.
 He is widely considered to be
one of the greatest painters of
all time and perhaps the most
diversely talented person ever to
have lived.

22. Renaissance Figures
 Leonardo Da Vinci
 He conceptualized
 helicopter
 tank
 concentrated solar power
 calculator
 double hull

23. Renaissance Figures
 Leonardo Da Vinci’s Paintings/Works
The Last Supper Vitruvian Man
Mona Lisa

24. Reformation
 The Renaissance resulted in a new
religiosity.
 The individual’s personal relationship to
God was now more important than his
relationship to the church as an
organization.
 Reformation – Changing or protesting the
structure of the Roman Catholic Church

25. Reformation
 Martin Luther – Led the reformation
 Made the 95 theses
 “People did not need the intercession of
the church or its priest in order to receive
God’s forgiveness”
 The scripture alone
 Translated the bible into German

26. Reformation
 Reasons on why it happened?
 Black Plague
 Printing Press
 Western Schism
 Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire