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NPCS Newsletter - Issue 24 
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Projects Covered in this Issue 
 Synthetic Tannin Powder for Leather Industry 
 Bread Plant 
 Shoe Polish in Aerosol Filling 
 Oxygen Plant 
 Rice Flakes from Broken Rice (Used In Beer Industry) 
 Particle Board from Rice Husk 
 E–Waste Recycling Plant 
 Packaged Drinking Water 
 Mini Sugar Plant 
 Neutralization of Phospho-Gypsum 
 Banana Products (Banana Powder, Banana Puree and Banana Concentrate) 
 Integrated Unit Textile Mill and Readymade Garments 
 Cattle Feed 
 Power Transformer 
 Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal 
 PVC Flex Banner (Frontlit, Backlit & Vinyl) 
 Ferro Alloys 
 Pharmaceutical Unit (Automatic Plant of Tablet And Capsule) 
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Synthetic Tannin Powder 
For Leather Industry 
 The term tannin refers to the use of tannins in tanning animal hides 
into leather; hence the words tan and tanning for the treatment 
of leather. However, the term tannin by extension is widely applied 
to any large polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls 
and other suitable groups (such as carboxyls) to form strong 
complexes with proteins and other macromolecules. 
 Synthetic tannins are used in tanneries as replacement to 
compliment the tanning action made by the natural tanning 
extracts. They are used as auxiliaries for pre-tanning, re-tanning 
and combined tanning and as dispersing agents for vegetable 
tannins and dyestuffs. 
 Tannins are incompatible with alkalis, gelatin, heavy metals, iron, 
limewater, metallic salts, strong oxidizing agents and zinc sulfate, 
since they form complexes and precipitate in aqueous solution. 
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Bread Plant 
 Bakery products in India are now in common use and are no more exclusive to 
a few households or classes of performs. Even then, unlike advanced countries 
where breads are considered basic essentials of a household budget, in India 
the element of capacity to pay continues to play a significant role . The outlay 
on bread, thus shares the character of discretionary expenditure rather than 
expenditure on basic is applicable. This necessity more in the case of biscuits 
than in the case of other bakery product. Variants of breads such as rusks 
have also found much acceptable among relatively poor households and 
workmen but other bakery products such as cakes, pastries, etc. specifically 
remain as the items of class consumption . 
 Much attempt is being made to popularize bakery products among all because 
these products are considered easy, convenient and rather inexpensive means 
of taking food in hygienically prepared ready to eat form. A particular role in 
this direction is being played by use of both bread and biscuits as means of 
nutrition supplementation for large number of children, and locating and 
nursing mothers who are covered by various feeding programs run by number 
of social welfare agencies operating both at the state and the central level. It 
is hoped that with further modernization, with influence of urban consumption 
pattern, spread of industry and commerce and general change in eating habits 
shall gradually improve the share of rural consumption in the total market for 
bakery products. 
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Shoe Polish In Aerosol Filling 
 Aerosol-type polishes have been extensively used for 
polishing shoes, automobiles, household care, etc. 
Conventionally, an aerosol is prepared by injecting a 
stock solution and a liquefied propellant gas, which 
serves to spray the stock solution with a suitable 
pressure, into a container under a predetermined 
pressure. 
 Stock solution is generally prepared by dissolving an 
effective component in a solvent such as petroleum 
fraction, alcohol, water and synthetic solvent. The 
content of such stock solution in an aerosol-type polish 
composition is normally 55 to 70 % by volume based on 
the total polish composition. 
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Oxygen Plant 
 Gases are liquefied by significantly lowering their temperature: from -183°C 
for oxygen to -269°C for helium. It saves a substantial amount of volume. 
Gases are generally liquefied during the production phase and directly stored 
onsite into large cryogenic tanks. They are then dispatched to the customers’ 
site inside perfectly insulated cryogenic transport tanks. 
 Oxygen purity is vital to efficient production. For example, 99.5 percent pure 
oxygen can produce high-quality, flame-cut edges. Cylinder oxygen is 
produced from vaporized liquid oxygen. Its minimum guaranteed purity is 99.5 
percent. Liquid oxygen is classified as Type II by the Compressed Gas 
Association (CGA). 
 The other major market segment is known as the merchant or bulk liquid 
market. Customers within this market generally have fluctuating demand rates 
or operate multiple facilities in scattered locations. They often purchase gas 
products under short-term contracts of less than five years in duration. Gases 
are shipped and stored in liquid form because of volume constraints. For 
example, liquid oxygen takes up less than 1 percent of the space required to 
contain the same amount in a gaseous state. Examples of customers in this 
category include the metal, food processing, electronics, chemical, aerospace, 
plastics, medical, glass, and paper industries. 
 The global market size of cryogenic equipment is estimated to be $11 billion in 
2011. Cryogenic tank has the largest market and majority of cryogenic 
equipment market revenue come from those tanks. 
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Rice Flakes from Broken Rice 
(Used in Beer Industry) 
 Rice flakes from broken rice used in beer industries, which is cheap convenient and is an 
innovated concept. The product is used in beer industry which finds a prominent place in 
alcoholic beverages. It has an excellent domestic demand. In India about 32 beer units are 
registered with DGTD with a total installed capacity of the order of 132,200 Kilo Litres per 
year. The capacity utilization during the last few years has been around 156 percent. So, it 
has to be assessed that in the coming years the new unit may come up to production 
considering the 60% of the total licenses. Similarly demand is increasing day by day to meet 
the requirement of indigenous as well as export market. 
 Formulations of beer manufacturing are done with the view of availability of the raw 
materials in that particular part of the World where the brewery is proposed to be 
established. In most of the parts of the world, barley is universal source of beer extraction. 
But, beers are manufactured from Chamomile flowers and powdered gingers etc. as well. 
The manufacturing processes and quality control measure can make the beer nutritious, 
energy packed and refreshing. Among all the alcoholic drinks beer has become so common. 
 The Indian beer industry seems to be in upswing mode as 2006 seems to be the best year as 
far as the growth is considered. Last year there was a growth of 20% while in the last five 
years the industry registered a growth of 7 to 8% year on year basis. 
 The demand and consumption pattern is entirely related to the scope of beer industry in 
India. The market for flaked rice will predominantly consist of buyers from group especially 
of urban and semi-urban areas. Even the people of low-income group can also buy as the 
products are directly consumed along with jaggery and from coconut pieces by rural folk. 
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Particle Board from Rice Husk 
 The large producers account for 15% of the total production, producing 
some 38 mn sq. m of plywood and block boards. The ecological 
considerations had, however, placed the industry in jeopardy owing 
primarily to the restraints put on the use of timber. Alternate materials 
from agricultural wastes like stalks of cotton and wheat, rice husk and 
bagasse are slowly getting into the industry as raw material feeds. 
Kitply Industries, Sarda Plywood, Century Plywood, Novapan, National 
Plywood, Green-ply and Jayshree Tea remain the main players in the 
organized sector of plywoods and particle boards, which has some 60 
units. There are several SSI units and other informal sector units 
contributing around 60% of the total production. 
 Shirdi Industries (SIL) was setting up a plant for the manufacture of 
MDF and particle board. The project, which will be India's first and only 
integrated plant providing complete interior solutions, was being set up 
at Uttarakhand. It was mainly because of the state government granting 
the company a status, entitling the company to excise duty, income tax 
and sales tax exemption besides investment subsidy. The company is 
also producing pre-laminated board, decorative laminates, floorings, 
panel door and furniture components from the facility. 
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E–WASTE RECYCLING PLANT 
 WEEE has been identified as one of the fastest growing sources of waste in the 
India, and is estimated to be increasing by 16-28 per cent every five years. 
Within each sector a complex set of heterogeneous secondary wastes is 
created. Although treatment requirements are complicated, the sources from 
any one sector possess many common characteristics. However, there exist 
huge variations in the nature of electronic wastes between sectors, and 
treatment regimes appropriate for one cannot be readily transferred to 
another. 
 The first comprehensive study to estimate the annual generation of e-waste in 
India and answer the questions above is being undertaken up by the National 
WEEE Taskforce. So far the preliminary estimates suggest that total WEEE 
generation in India is approximately 1, 46,000 tons per year. The top states in 
order of highest contribution to WEEE include Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, 
Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya 
Pradesh and Punjab. The city wise ranking of largest WEEE generators is 
Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Pune, 
Surat and Nagpur. 
 Almost 50% of the PC's sold in India are products from the secondary market 
and are re-assembled on old components. The remaining market share is 
covered by multinational manufacturers (30%) and Indian brands (22%). 
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Packaged Drinking Water 
 Bottled water industry, colloquially called, the mineral water industry, is a 
symbol of a new lifestyle and health-consciousness emerging in India. While a 
large segment of the population is struggling to get access to potable water 
supply, a new generation - especially in the urban areas - is getting 
accustomed to bottled water paying handsome prices. 
 The total size of the bottled water market in India is estimated at Rs 20 bn. 
What is amazing is that people are prepared to pay Rs 10 or more for a litre of 
'simple' water - especially when the cost of material input is negligible. The 
cost of packaging can be as high as 15% to 35% of the price of the product. 
In bottled water market, the cost of entry and the cost of exit is low. One does 
not require much equipment to make bottled water. 
 The bottled water market is growing at a rapid rate of around 20% a year 
(down from 50 to 60%). At this growth rate, the market is estimated to 
overtake the soft drinks market soon. Multi-nationals Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nestle 
and others are trying to grab a significant share of the market. There are more 
than 1800 brands in the unorganized sector. The small players account for 
nearly 19% of the total market. 
 The growth trends in packaged drinking water and a growing demand is 
indicative of the fact that water and its variants will be the single largest 
beverage category, growing and becoming at least 20 times of the current 
market size within the next 10-12 years. 
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Mini Sugar Plant 
 India is now the largest consumer of sugar in the world and was 
expected to overtake Brazil in production. Although subject to cyclical 
fluctuations, sometimes violent ones, sugar production has grown 
phenomenally during the last decade. The drop in production and 
increased consumption put pressure on sugar prices. 
 According to Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA) production in 2008-09 
was estimated at 14.7 mn ton against previous year production of 26.3 
mn ton. The government permitted its trading agencies like MMTC and 
others, such as STC, NAFED and PFC to import sugar to control prices. 
 The Indian Sugar Mills Association had been in favor of futures trading in 
sugar to provide a cushion to the industry once decontrolled. The 
National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Mills, the apex organization of 
250 cooperative sugar mills accounting for nearly 60% of country's sugar 
production, did not support it. 
 The government, however, removed all restrictions on sugar exports and 
permitted commencement of future trading in white sugar. Futures 
contracts are traded in four exchanges, the three National Multi 
Commodity Exchanges (NMCEs), the National Commodities and 
Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX), and the Multi Commodity Exchange 
(MCX), besides E-Sugar Ltd. 
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Neutralization of Phospho- 
Gypsum 
 Phospho-gypsum is a by-product of the phosphoric acid industry and consists of 65-70 % 
gypsum, 25-30 % water and 5-10 % impurities, i.e. phosphoric acid and its salts, 
hydrofluoric acid and its compounds, R2O3 (Al2O3+ Fe2O3), quartz, apatite, alkali, organic 
matter, and others. The P2O5 and F impurities are found in three different forms in Phospho-gypsum 
compound: on the surface of gypsum crystals as water soluble compounds (H3PO4, 
Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, H2SiF6), substituted in the lattice of gypsum crystals (effectively solid 
solutions of CaHPO4·2H2O, SrSO4 or Na2SiF6) and as insoluble compounds, i.e. apatite and 
quartz. These impurities, particularly hydrofluoric acid and its salts, contaminate an 
environment. 
 Soluble phosphates {H3PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O} and soluble fluorides had maximum 
influence on the fall of compressive strength of plaster. CaHPO4·2H2O had small influence, 
but with the present of Ca(OH)2 it had great influence on the plaster properties. The most 
impurities in Phospho-gypsum can be found in the particle size fractions above 160 and 
below 25 μm. There are more than few plants (those of Onoda in Japan, Giulinichemic 
GmbH , Knauf in Germany, etc.) where the impurities are eliminated by washing Phospho-gypsum 
with water or separating off coarse and very fine particles. Up to 4 m3 of water is 
necessary for 1 ton of Phospho-gypsum. The Phospho-gypsum mixtures are also eliminated 
by using a combined method when Phospho-gypsum is washed with a smaller amount of 
water, and the rest of the acid mixtures are neutralized by adding the following additives: 
Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, K2CO3, KOH, Portland cement, NH4OH, etc. 
 The acid impurities are not fully eliminated from the Phospho-gypsum crystals. The insoluble 
phosphates {Ca3(PO4)2, Ca5(PO4)3OH} and fluorides (CaF2 andCaSiF6) did not influence the 
plaster properties. The objective of the work is to investigate the neutralization process of 
the acid impurities of dehydrate Phospho-gypsum into lime suspension. 
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Banana Products 
(Banana Powder, Banana Puree and Banana Concentrate) 
 Banana is an important fruit crop of many tropical and subtropical 
regions of India. It is cultivated in India in an area of 830.5 thousand 
hectare and total production is around 29,779.91 thousand tons. Main 
banana growing states are Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra 
Pradesh and Karnataka. 
 Banana Puree or Banana Pulp is processed from a selected variety of 
banana grown in the sub-tropical region of South India. The Cavendish 
banana puree (banana pulp) obtained from Indian bananas is considered 
best in quality owing to the superior size, flavor, taste and thickness of 
the Indian bananas. Banana Puree is widely mixed into daily food, juices, 
nectars, drinks, jams, bakery fillings, and fruit meals for children. 
Banana puree or banana pulp is used as flavor for baby foods, ice 
creams, yoghurts. Banana yoghurt makes a healthy snack and banana 
ice cream, milk shakes and delicious desserts are favorites among 
children. 
 The demand of Banana Products in market is increasing rapidly due to 
nutritive and medicinal characteristics of it. India is one of the major 
country producing banana and its derivatives. Banana Derivatives 
includes: Puree, Ice-Creams, Fruit breads, cakes, tarts, muffins, pie-fillings, 
icings, donuts, fruit bars, milk shakes, yogurts, puddings, 
toppings, deserts, baby food, etc. 
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Integrated Unit Textile Mill and 
Readymade Garments 
 The textile industry occupies a leading position in the hierarchy of the Indian manufacturing 
industry. It was estimated to contribute 14% to industrial output, 4% to GDP and about 11% 
to India's export earnings. Besides, it provides direct employment to over 35 mn people and 
is the second biggest employer. Its direct linkages with the rural economy, being dependent 
on fibre crops, is also closely linked with diverse crafts, such as those using cotton, wood and 
silk and handlooms employing millions of farmers and craftsmen in rural and semi-urban 
areas. 
 In the global context, the industry accounts for 61% of loomage, 22% of spindle age, 12% 
of the production of textile fibres and yarn, and 25% share in the total world trade of cotton 
yarn. The industry is made up of small-scale, non-integrated spinning, weaving, finishing 
and apparel-making units as well integrated composite mills. Of the nearly 2700 units 
engaged in spinning yarns, 1135 are small scale. The weaving units numbering 4.8 mn have 
only 10,000 units in the organized sector, while the rest are engaged in handlooms (3.9 mn) 
and power looms (1.8 mn). Of the 3,300 processing units, nearly 2,100 are independent 
small units, while the fabricators of garments number 77,000 small scale units. 
 The Indian clothing market for readymade garments is estimated at over Rs 1000 bn with 
men's wear segment accounting for 46%, while the shares of women's and kids' clothing are 
pegged at 36% and 17%, respectively. The Indian branded garment market, which is 
estimated at over Rs 200 bn, accounts for over 26% of readymade market. Following the 
entry of several new brands, the branded segment has grown at 25% annually. This 
represents a shift from unbranded to the branded segment. 
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Cattle Feed 
 Cattle feed is a peculiar product consumed mainly by cattle owners of 
rural area. Animal industrial enterprises in all area and so, the market for 
cattle feed is very scattered. The consumers are living by and large in 
poverty and so they have hardly enough finances to spare for cattle feed. 
Yet cattles are the only source of earring in many cases and to increase 
their own earning they try to spend upon cattles as much as possible. 
 Unawareness about the product and its importance should also be looked 
after. The benefits of this scientifically prepared cattle feed over 
traditional feed has become as popular as they should be. The problem is 
much of replacing unscientific feeding system with scientific feed. 
 India has the largest cattle, buffalo and goat population according to 
latest census. There are about 200 million cattle, 50 million buffaloes and 
90 million goats in the country. About one sixth of the cattle, about half 
of buffalo and one fifth of goat population in world are in India. Animal 
husbandry plays an important role in the national life and accounts for 
about 10% of the national income. In particular the contributor of the 
cattle and buffalo to the economy is considerable. They are the main 
source of drought power in agricultural operations and rural 
transportation they provide essential, foods like milk and meal. 
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Power Transformer 
 Electric equipment industry contributes over 2% of GDP which is projected to 
increase to about 12% in 2015 according to a study by Frost & Sullivan. 
During the period, consumption of electrical equipment is estimated to 
increase from over USD 28 bn now to USD 363 bn, growing at a CAGR of 
about 30%. It is also expected that during 2010-2015, the Indian equipment 
manufacturing will grow at 5.5 times the growth rate of global electronic 
equipment production. 
 The electrical industry has been showing signs of recovery after poor 
performance in the recent years. The domestic electrical industry, which 
includes equipment for generation, transmission, distribution and use of power 
in industrial units, constitutes a major part of the electrical products. 
 The entry of private sector in the power area and the emergence of captive 
power plants have changed the scenario for the transformer segment. Earlier, 
the business revolved around power utilities such as the State Electricity 
Boards. As against this, the customers in the private sector prefer contracting 
out the entire substation to a single vendor, in the process thus reducing costs 
as well as avoiding problems of logistics. 
 Four major players in electrical equipment segment recorded high growth of 
turnover over the previous accounting years: ABB (44%), BHEL (29%), BHEL 
Power Solutions (144%), Havel’s India (55%), and Kirloskar Electric (43%) 
Crompton Greaves (32%) and Suzlon Energy (42%). The growth of bottom 
lines was equally impressive ranging from 12 to 55%. 
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Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and 
Virgin Metal 
 India's share in world aluminium market is estimated at around 3%. 
India ranks fifth in bauxite production after Australia (62 mn tons), 
Guinea (17.50 mn tons), Brazil (16.20 mn tons) and China (10.75 mn 
tons). With a total output of 9.25 mn tones, the country contributes 
about 6% of the world's total production of 159 mn tones, India holds 
the fifth position in reserves base and is ahead of China with 2300 mn 
tones. India ranked seventh in alumina production with a total output of 
3 mn tones, a share of nearly 5% of the global production of 61 mn 
tones. 
 In the domestic market, the demand of aluminium is expected to touch 
1.5 mn ton by 2015-16. Domestic demand for aluminium foils in 1999-00 
was of the order of 41,000 ton. It had gone up to 62,000 tons by 2003- 
04 and to 76,700 tons in 2006-07. It is projected to reach the level of 
100,000 ton by the end of the decade. Foil users, such as the 
pharmaceuticals, processed foods and telecommunication sectors, have 
been showing healthy growth. Aluminium foil industry is growing 
annually at around 7%. In the near future, with the phenomenal rise in 
disposable incomes, the foil industry is expected to receive a boost. 
Working couples, for instance, increasingly pack their food in aluminium 
foils. The growth in demand is expected to follow the increasing demand 
noticed in China. 
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PVC Flex Banner 
(Frontlit, Backlit & Vinyl) 
 This market is booming with 25-30% annual growth and is worth around Rs 
500-600 crores. The Signage Industry is witnessing robust growth in India 
with strong and steady economic growth. More and more MNC’s are coming to 
India, branding has become an important aspect in every segment. Signage, 
LED & Showroom Display plays a very important role in each and every 
business. 
 Indian industries will surely take the market by storm. Being based in India, 
they’ll provide the best after sales support and assistance to their clients. This 
will consequently affect the Korean and Chinese markets in India, as our 
products would have an added advantage of local presence. 
 In India advertising industry is worth more than 3.5 billion US dollars annually 
with a growth rate of approximately 20% per annum. With healthy growth, the 
market for fabrics used in signs and outdoor advertising would appear to be 
attractive to India's industry, but few local companies are manufacturing the 
textiles and Chinese imports dominate, Out-of-house (OOH) publicity has 
become an important component of almost every company's marketing 
strategy. Even sectors that were once shy of spending on advertising 
campaigns - such as banks, hospitals, education institutes, oil companies, 
cement manufacturers and real estate developers - are now among the largest 
spenders on OOH publicity in India. 
 
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Ferro Alloys 
 The demand for ferro alloys has been increasing with that of alloy and 
special steels. At the beginning of the previous decade, it was about half-a- 
million tonnes, increased to over 700,000 tonnes by 1997-98 and 
reached the level of 1.20 mn tonnes in 2006-07. There are six leading 
players and over 30 small producers. The industry has tied up with 
companies in Europe for technology inputs. 
 The major users of alloy steel are: auto industry, railways, forgings, 
tubes, springs and other engineering industries. 
 The leading players are Alloy Steel (SAIL), Mukand (Advanced Design 
Materials Corp., USA), Mahindra Ugine, Sunflag Irons & Steel, 
Vishveshvarya Steel, Kalyani Steel, Panchmahal, Indian Seamless, Shah 
Alloy Kalyani Carpenter, Garg Furnace. 
 Ferro manganese along with Fe-Si, Fe-Cr, is a bulk ferro-alloy, 
Manganese is also added in steels in the form of silico manganese. It 
dissolves in iron in all proportions, Iron for Farm implements uses up to 
1.75% Mn and also in automobile parts. Ship construction industry uses 
steels with even higher content; riffle barrels and heat treated forgings 
necessarily use ferro manganese as an alloying additive. 
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PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT 
(Automatic Plant of Tablet and Capsule) 
 The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the fourth largest in the world in terms of volume of 
output and thirteenth in domestic demand. However, the Indian industry, valued at USD 17 
bn in represented just over 1% of the global pharmaceutical industry in value terms. The 
domestic market is estimated at Rs 680 bn. 
 According to a study by McKinsey, Vision 2010, the domestic pharmaceutical industry could 
attain a size of USD 25 bn (Rs 1200 bn) by 2010 by focusing on two areas: first, innovation-led 
research, development and new drug discoveries; and second, information technology-led 
remote sales and marketing. Incidentally, according to another report by Associated 
Chamber of Commerce (ASSOCHAM) in India, the market is estimated to grow to more 
modest level of USD 9.5 bn in 2010). 
 The Indian firms produce nearly 60,000 generic brands in 60 therapeutic categories and 
between 350 and 400 bulk drugs. India's drug market consists mainly of second and third 
generation drugs no longer subject to patent protection in the developed world. Although 
India is the world's leading producer of generic drugs, its annual per capita consumption of 
pharmaceuticals has been among the lowest placed approximately at USD 4.50 per person 
as compared to USD 820 in the United States and USD 13 in China. 
 India has the highest number of (US Food and Drug Administration) USFDA approved 
manufacturing facilities outside the US and this puts India in good position to export to 
regulated markets. 
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NPCS Newsletter (www.niir.org) 24

  • 1. NPCS Newsletter - Issue 24 www.niir.org
  • 2. Projects Covered in this Issue  Synthetic Tannin Powder for Leather Industry  Bread Plant  Shoe Polish in Aerosol Filling  Oxygen Plant  Rice Flakes from Broken Rice (Used In Beer Industry)  Particle Board from Rice Husk  E–Waste Recycling Plant  Packaged Drinking Water  Mini Sugar Plant  Neutralization of Phospho-Gypsum  Banana Products (Banana Powder, Banana Puree and Banana Concentrate)  Integrated Unit Textile Mill and Readymade Garments  Cattle Feed  Power Transformer  Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal  PVC Flex Banner (Frontlit, Backlit & Vinyl)  Ferro Alloys  Pharmaceutical Unit (Automatic Plant of Tablet And Capsule) www.niir.org
  • 3. Synthetic Tannin Powder For Leather Industry  The term tannin refers to the use of tannins in tanning animal hides into leather; hence the words tan and tanning for the treatment of leather. However, the term tannin by extension is widely applied to any large polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups (such as carboxyls) to form strong complexes with proteins and other macromolecules.  Synthetic tannins are used in tanneries as replacement to compliment the tanning action made by the natural tanning extracts. They are used as auxiliaries for pre-tanning, re-tanning and combined tanning and as dispersing agents for vegetable tannins and dyestuffs.  Tannins are incompatible with alkalis, gelatin, heavy metals, iron, limewater, metallic salts, strong oxidizing agents and zinc sulfate, since they form complexes and precipitate in aqueous solution. www.niir.org
  • 4. Bread Plant  Bakery products in India are now in common use and are no more exclusive to a few households or classes of performs. Even then, unlike advanced countries where breads are considered basic essentials of a household budget, in India the element of capacity to pay continues to play a significant role . The outlay on bread, thus shares the character of discretionary expenditure rather than expenditure on basic is applicable. This necessity more in the case of biscuits than in the case of other bakery product. Variants of breads such as rusks have also found much acceptable among relatively poor households and workmen but other bakery products such as cakes, pastries, etc. specifically remain as the items of class consumption .  Much attempt is being made to popularize bakery products among all because these products are considered easy, convenient and rather inexpensive means of taking food in hygienically prepared ready to eat form. A particular role in this direction is being played by use of both bread and biscuits as means of nutrition supplementation for large number of children, and locating and nursing mothers who are covered by various feeding programs run by number of social welfare agencies operating both at the state and the central level. It is hoped that with further modernization, with influence of urban consumption pattern, spread of industry and commerce and general change in eating habits shall gradually improve the share of rural consumption in the total market for bakery products. www.niir.org
  • 5. Shoe Polish In Aerosol Filling  Aerosol-type polishes have been extensively used for polishing shoes, automobiles, household care, etc. Conventionally, an aerosol is prepared by injecting a stock solution and a liquefied propellant gas, which serves to spray the stock solution with a suitable pressure, into a container under a predetermined pressure.  Stock solution is generally prepared by dissolving an effective component in a solvent such as petroleum fraction, alcohol, water and synthetic solvent. The content of such stock solution in an aerosol-type polish composition is normally 55 to 70 % by volume based on the total polish composition. www.niir.org
  • 6. Oxygen Plant  Gases are liquefied by significantly lowering their temperature: from -183°C for oxygen to -269°C for helium. It saves a substantial amount of volume. Gases are generally liquefied during the production phase and directly stored onsite into large cryogenic tanks. They are then dispatched to the customers’ site inside perfectly insulated cryogenic transport tanks.  Oxygen purity is vital to efficient production. For example, 99.5 percent pure oxygen can produce high-quality, flame-cut edges. Cylinder oxygen is produced from vaporized liquid oxygen. Its minimum guaranteed purity is 99.5 percent. Liquid oxygen is classified as Type II by the Compressed Gas Association (CGA).  The other major market segment is known as the merchant or bulk liquid market. Customers within this market generally have fluctuating demand rates or operate multiple facilities in scattered locations. They often purchase gas products under short-term contracts of less than five years in duration. Gases are shipped and stored in liquid form because of volume constraints. For example, liquid oxygen takes up less than 1 percent of the space required to contain the same amount in a gaseous state. Examples of customers in this category include the metal, food processing, electronics, chemical, aerospace, plastics, medical, glass, and paper industries.  The global market size of cryogenic equipment is estimated to be $11 billion in 2011. Cryogenic tank has the largest market and majority of cryogenic equipment market revenue come from those tanks. www.niir.org
  • 7. Rice Flakes from Broken Rice (Used in Beer Industry)  Rice flakes from broken rice used in beer industries, which is cheap convenient and is an innovated concept. The product is used in beer industry which finds a prominent place in alcoholic beverages. It has an excellent domestic demand. In India about 32 beer units are registered with DGTD with a total installed capacity of the order of 132,200 Kilo Litres per year. The capacity utilization during the last few years has been around 156 percent. So, it has to be assessed that in the coming years the new unit may come up to production considering the 60% of the total licenses. Similarly demand is increasing day by day to meet the requirement of indigenous as well as export market.  Formulations of beer manufacturing are done with the view of availability of the raw materials in that particular part of the World where the brewery is proposed to be established. In most of the parts of the world, barley is universal source of beer extraction. But, beers are manufactured from Chamomile flowers and powdered gingers etc. as well. The manufacturing processes and quality control measure can make the beer nutritious, energy packed and refreshing. Among all the alcoholic drinks beer has become so common.  The Indian beer industry seems to be in upswing mode as 2006 seems to be the best year as far as the growth is considered. Last year there was a growth of 20% while in the last five years the industry registered a growth of 7 to 8% year on year basis.  The demand and consumption pattern is entirely related to the scope of beer industry in India. The market for flaked rice will predominantly consist of buyers from group especially of urban and semi-urban areas. Even the people of low-income group can also buy as the products are directly consumed along with jaggery and from coconut pieces by rural folk. www.niir.org
  • 8. Particle Board from Rice Husk  The large producers account for 15% of the total production, producing some 38 mn sq. m of plywood and block boards. The ecological considerations had, however, placed the industry in jeopardy owing primarily to the restraints put on the use of timber. Alternate materials from agricultural wastes like stalks of cotton and wheat, rice husk and bagasse are slowly getting into the industry as raw material feeds. Kitply Industries, Sarda Plywood, Century Plywood, Novapan, National Plywood, Green-ply and Jayshree Tea remain the main players in the organized sector of plywoods and particle boards, which has some 60 units. There are several SSI units and other informal sector units contributing around 60% of the total production.  Shirdi Industries (SIL) was setting up a plant for the manufacture of MDF and particle board. The project, which will be India's first and only integrated plant providing complete interior solutions, was being set up at Uttarakhand. It was mainly because of the state government granting the company a status, entitling the company to excise duty, income tax and sales tax exemption besides investment subsidy. The company is also producing pre-laminated board, decorative laminates, floorings, panel door and furniture components from the facility. www.niir.org
  • 9. E–WASTE RECYCLING PLANT  WEEE has been identified as one of the fastest growing sources of waste in the India, and is estimated to be increasing by 16-28 per cent every five years. Within each sector a complex set of heterogeneous secondary wastes is created. Although treatment requirements are complicated, the sources from any one sector possess many common characteristics. However, there exist huge variations in the nature of electronic wastes between sectors, and treatment regimes appropriate for one cannot be readily transferred to another.  The first comprehensive study to estimate the annual generation of e-waste in India and answer the questions above is being undertaken up by the National WEEE Taskforce. So far the preliminary estimates suggest that total WEEE generation in India is approximately 1, 46,000 tons per year. The top states in order of highest contribution to WEEE include Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab. The city wise ranking of largest WEEE generators is Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur.  Almost 50% of the PC's sold in India are products from the secondary market and are re-assembled on old components. The remaining market share is covered by multinational manufacturers (30%) and Indian brands (22%). www.niir.org
  • 10. Packaged Drinking Water  Bottled water industry, colloquially called, the mineral water industry, is a symbol of a new lifestyle and health-consciousness emerging in India. While a large segment of the population is struggling to get access to potable water supply, a new generation - especially in the urban areas - is getting accustomed to bottled water paying handsome prices.  The total size of the bottled water market in India is estimated at Rs 20 bn. What is amazing is that people are prepared to pay Rs 10 or more for a litre of 'simple' water - especially when the cost of material input is negligible. The cost of packaging can be as high as 15% to 35% of the price of the product. In bottled water market, the cost of entry and the cost of exit is low. One does not require much equipment to make bottled water.  The bottled water market is growing at a rapid rate of around 20% a year (down from 50 to 60%). At this growth rate, the market is estimated to overtake the soft drinks market soon. Multi-nationals Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Nestle and others are trying to grab a significant share of the market. There are more than 1800 brands in the unorganized sector. The small players account for nearly 19% of the total market.  The growth trends in packaged drinking water and a growing demand is indicative of the fact that water and its variants will be the single largest beverage category, growing and becoming at least 20 times of the current market size within the next 10-12 years. www.niir.org
  • 11. Mini Sugar Plant  India is now the largest consumer of sugar in the world and was expected to overtake Brazil in production. Although subject to cyclical fluctuations, sometimes violent ones, sugar production has grown phenomenally during the last decade. The drop in production and increased consumption put pressure on sugar prices.  According to Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA) production in 2008-09 was estimated at 14.7 mn ton against previous year production of 26.3 mn ton. The government permitted its trading agencies like MMTC and others, such as STC, NAFED and PFC to import sugar to control prices.  The Indian Sugar Mills Association had been in favor of futures trading in sugar to provide a cushion to the industry once decontrolled. The National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Mills, the apex organization of 250 cooperative sugar mills accounting for nearly 60% of country's sugar production, did not support it.  The government, however, removed all restrictions on sugar exports and permitted commencement of future trading in white sugar. Futures contracts are traded in four exchanges, the three National Multi Commodity Exchanges (NMCEs), the National Commodities and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX), and the Multi Commodity Exchange (MCX), besides E-Sugar Ltd. www.niir.org
  • 12. Neutralization of Phospho- Gypsum  Phospho-gypsum is a by-product of the phosphoric acid industry and consists of 65-70 % gypsum, 25-30 % water and 5-10 % impurities, i.e. phosphoric acid and its salts, hydrofluoric acid and its compounds, R2O3 (Al2O3+ Fe2O3), quartz, apatite, alkali, organic matter, and others. The P2O5 and F impurities are found in three different forms in Phospho-gypsum compound: on the surface of gypsum crystals as water soluble compounds (H3PO4, Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O, H2SiF6), substituted in the lattice of gypsum crystals (effectively solid solutions of CaHPO4·2H2O, SrSO4 or Na2SiF6) and as insoluble compounds, i.e. apatite and quartz. These impurities, particularly hydrofluoric acid and its salts, contaminate an environment.  Soluble phosphates {H3PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O} and soluble fluorides had maximum influence on the fall of compressive strength of plaster. CaHPO4·2H2O had small influence, but with the present of Ca(OH)2 it had great influence on the plaster properties. The most impurities in Phospho-gypsum can be found in the particle size fractions above 160 and below 25 μm. There are more than few plants (those of Onoda in Japan, Giulinichemic GmbH , Knauf in Germany, etc.) where the impurities are eliminated by washing Phospho-gypsum with water or separating off coarse and very fine particles. Up to 4 m3 of water is necessary for 1 ton of Phospho-gypsum. The Phospho-gypsum mixtures are also eliminated by using a combined method when Phospho-gypsum is washed with a smaller amount of water, and the rest of the acid mixtures are neutralized by adding the following additives: Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, K2CO3, KOH, Portland cement, NH4OH, etc.  The acid impurities are not fully eliminated from the Phospho-gypsum crystals. The insoluble phosphates {Ca3(PO4)2, Ca5(PO4)3OH} and fluorides (CaF2 andCaSiF6) did not influence the plaster properties. The objective of the work is to investigate the neutralization process of the acid impurities of dehydrate Phospho-gypsum into lime suspension. www.niir.org
  • 13. Banana Products (Banana Powder, Banana Puree and Banana Concentrate)  Banana is an important fruit crop of many tropical and subtropical regions of India. It is cultivated in India in an area of 830.5 thousand hectare and total production is around 29,779.91 thousand tons. Main banana growing states are Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.  Banana Puree or Banana Pulp is processed from a selected variety of banana grown in the sub-tropical region of South India. The Cavendish banana puree (banana pulp) obtained from Indian bananas is considered best in quality owing to the superior size, flavor, taste and thickness of the Indian bananas. Banana Puree is widely mixed into daily food, juices, nectars, drinks, jams, bakery fillings, and fruit meals for children. Banana puree or banana pulp is used as flavor for baby foods, ice creams, yoghurts. Banana yoghurt makes a healthy snack and banana ice cream, milk shakes and delicious desserts are favorites among children.  The demand of Banana Products in market is increasing rapidly due to nutritive and medicinal characteristics of it. India is one of the major country producing banana and its derivatives. Banana Derivatives includes: Puree, Ice-Creams, Fruit breads, cakes, tarts, muffins, pie-fillings, icings, donuts, fruit bars, milk shakes, yogurts, puddings, toppings, deserts, baby food, etc. www.niir.org
  • 14. Integrated Unit Textile Mill and Readymade Garments  The textile industry occupies a leading position in the hierarchy of the Indian manufacturing industry. It was estimated to contribute 14% to industrial output, 4% to GDP and about 11% to India's export earnings. Besides, it provides direct employment to over 35 mn people and is the second biggest employer. Its direct linkages with the rural economy, being dependent on fibre crops, is also closely linked with diverse crafts, such as those using cotton, wood and silk and handlooms employing millions of farmers and craftsmen in rural and semi-urban areas.  In the global context, the industry accounts for 61% of loomage, 22% of spindle age, 12% of the production of textile fibres and yarn, and 25% share in the total world trade of cotton yarn. The industry is made up of small-scale, non-integrated spinning, weaving, finishing and apparel-making units as well integrated composite mills. Of the nearly 2700 units engaged in spinning yarns, 1135 are small scale. The weaving units numbering 4.8 mn have only 10,000 units in the organized sector, while the rest are engaged in handlooms (3.9 mn) and power looms (1.8 mn). Of the 3,300 processing units, nearly 2,100 are independent small units, while the fabricators of garments number 77,000 small scale units.  The Indian clothing market for readymade garments is estimated at over Rs 1000 bn with men's wear segment accounting for 46%, while the shares of women's and kids' clothing are pegged at 36% and 17%, respectively. The Indian branded garment market, which is estimated at over Rs 200 bn, accounts for over 26% of readymade market. Following the entry of several new brands, the branded segment has grown at 25% annually. This represents a shift from unbranded to the branded segment. www.niir.org
  • 15. Cattle Feed  Cattle feed is a peculiar product consumed mainly by cattle owners of rural area. Animal industrial enterprises in all area and so, the market for cattle feed is very scattered. The consumers are living by and large in poverty and so they have hardly enough finances to spare for cattle feed. Yet cattles are the only source of earring in many cases and to increase their own earning they try to spend upon cattles as much as possible.  Unawareness about the product and its importance should also be looked after. The benefits of this scientifically prepared cattle feed over traditional feed has become as popular as they should be. The problem is much of replacing unscientific feeding system with scientific feed.  India has the largest cattle, buffalo and goat population according to latest census. There are about 200 million cattle, 50 million buffaloes and 90 million goats in the country. About one sixth of the cattle, about half of buffalo and one fifth of goat population in world are in India. Animal husbandry plays an important role in the national life and accounts for about 10% of the national income. In particular the contributor of the cattle and buffalo to the economy is considerable. They are the main source of drought power in agricultural operations and rural transportation they provide essential, foods like milk and meal. www.niir.org
  • 16. Power Transformer  Electric equipment industry contributes over 2% of GDP which is projected to increase to about 12% in 2015 according to a study by Frost & Sullivan. During the period, consumption of electrical equipment is estimated to increase from over USD 28 bn now to USD 363 bn, growing at a CAGR of about 30%. It is also expected that during 2010-2015, the Indian equipment manufacturing will grow at 5.5 times the growth rate of global electronic equipment production.  The electrical industry has been showing signs of recovery after poor performance in the recent years. The domestic electrical industry, which includes equipment for generation, transmission, distribution and use of power in industrial units, constitutes a major part of the electrical products.  The entry of private sector in the power area and the emergence of captive power plants have changed the scenario for the transformer segment. Earlier, the business revolved around power utilities such as the State Electricity Boards. As against this, the customers in the private sector prefer contracting out the entire substation to a single vendor, in the process thus reducing costs as well as avoiding problems of logistics.  Four major players in electrical equipment segment recorded high growth of turnover over the previous accounting years: ABB (44%), BHEL (29%), BHEL Power Solutions (144%), Havel’s India (55%), and Kirloskar Electric (43%) Crompton Greaves (32%) and Suzlon Energy (42%). The growth of bottom lines was equally impressive ranging from 12 to 55%. www.niir.org
  • 17. Aluminium Alloy from Scrap and Virgin Metal  India's share in world aluminium market is estimated at around 3%. India ranks fifth in bauxite production after Australia (62 mn tons), Guinea (17.50 mn tons), Brazil (16.20 mn tons) and China (10.75 mn tons). With a total output of 9.25 mn tones, the country contributes about 6% of the world's total production of 159 mn tones, India holds the fifth position in reserves base and is ahead of China with 2300 mn tones. India ranked seventh in alumina production with a total output of 3 mn tones, a share of nearly 5% of the global production of 61 mn tones.  In the domestic market, the demand of aluminium is expected to touch 1.5 mn ton by 2015-16. Domestic demand for aluminium foils in 1999-00 was of the order of 41,000 ton. It had gone up to 62,000 tons by 2003- 04 and to 76,700 tons in 2006-07. It is projected to reach the level of 100,000 ton by the end of the decade. Foil users, such as the pharmaceuticals, processed foods and telecommunication sectors, have been showing healthy growth. Aluminium foil industry is growing annually at around 7%. In the near future, with the phenomenal rise in disposable incomes, the foil industry is expected to receive a boost. Working couples, for instance, increasingly pack their food in aluminium foils. The growth in demand is expected to follow the increasing demand noticed in China. www.niir.org
  • 18. PVC Flex Banner (Frontlit, Backlit & Vinyl)  This market is booming with 25-30% annual growth and is worth around Rs 500-600 crores. The Signage Industry is witnessing robust growth in India with strong and steady economic growth. More and more MNC’s are coming to India, branding has become an important aspect in every segment. Signage, LED & Showroom Display plays a very important role in each and every business.  Indian industries will surely take the market by storm. Being based in India, they’ll provide the best after sales support and assistance to their clients. This will consequently affect the Korean and Chinese markets in India, as our products would have an added advantage of local presence.  In India advertising industry is worth more than 3.5 billion US dollars annually with a growth rate of approximately 20% per annum. With healthy growth, the market for fabrics used in signs and outdoor advertising would appear to be attractive to India's industry, but few local companies are manufacturing the textiles and Chinese imports dominate, Out-of-house (OOH) publicity has become an important component of almost every company's marketing strategy. Even sectors that were once shy of spending on advertising campaigns - such as banks, hospitals, education institutes, oil companies, cement manufacturers and real estate developers - are now among the largest spenders on OOH publicity in India.  www.niir.org
  • 19. Ferro Alloys  The demand for ferro alloys has been increasing with that of alloy and special steels. At the beginning of the previous decade, it was about half-a- million tonnes, increased to over 700,000 tonnes by 1997-98 and reached the level of 1.20 mn tonnes in 2006-07. There are six leading players and over 30 small producers. The industry has tied up with companies in Europe for technology inputs.  The major users of alloy steel are: auto industry, railways, forgings, tubes, springs and other engineering industries.  The leading players are Alloy Steel (SAIL), Mukand (Advanced Design Materials Corp., USA), Mahindra Ugine, Sunflag Irons & Steel, Vishveshvarya Steel, Kalyani Steel, Panchmahal, Indian Seamless, Shah Alloy Kalyani Carpenter, Garg Furnace.  Ferro manganese along with Fe-Si, Fe-Cr, is a bulk ferro-alloy, Manganese is also added in steels in the form of silico manganese. It dissolves in iron in all proportions, Iron for Farm implements uses up to 1.75% Mn and also in automobile parts. Ship construction industry uses steels with even higher content; riffle barrels and heat treated forgings necessarily use ferro manganese as an alloying additive. www.niir.org
  • 20. PHARMACEUTICAL UNIT (Automatic Plant of Tablet and Capsule)  The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the fourth largest in the world in terms of volume of output and thirteenth in domestic demand. However, the Indian industry, valued at USD 17 bn in represented just over 1% of the global pharmaceutical industry in value terms. The domestic market is estimated at Rs 680 bn.  According to a study by McKinsey, Vision 2010, the domestic pharmaceutical industry could attain a size of USD 25 bn (Rs 1200 bn) by 2010 by focusing on two areas: first, innovation-led research, development and new drug discoveries; and second, information technology-led remote sales and marketing. Incidentally, according to another report by Associated Chamber of Commerce (ASSOCHAM) in India, the market is estimated to grow to more modest level of USD 9.5 bn in 2010).  The Indian firms produce nearly 60,000 generic brands in 60 therapeutic categories and between 350 and 400 bulk drugs. India's drug market consists mainly of second and third generation drugs no longer subject to patent protection in the developed world. Although India is the world's leading producer of generic drugs, its annual per capita consumption of pharmaceuticals has been among the lowest placed approximately at USD 4.50 per person as compared to USD 820 in the United States and USD 13 in China.  India has the highest number of (US Food and Drug Administration) USFDA approved manufacturing facilities outside the US and this puts India in good position to export to regulated markets. www.niir.org
  • 21. An ISO 9001:2008 Company www.niir.org
  • 22.  One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services  We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services to our Clients’ in India & abroad www.niir.org
  • 23.  Project Identification  Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports  Market Research Reports  Technology Books and Directory  Databases on CD-ROM  Laboratory Testing Services  Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions  Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal) www.niir.org
  • 24.  We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and market research field  We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to take sound business decisions  We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and profound market analysis  We serve a wide array of customers , from individual entrepreneurs to Corporations and Foreign Investors  We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision www.niir.org
  • 25. Requirement collection Thorough analysis of the project Economic feasibility study of the project Market potential survey/research Report Compilation www.niir.org
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  • 33.  Potato And Potato Based Projects  Printing And Packaging  Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality  Rubber And Rubber Products  Soaps And Detergents  Stationary Products  Spices And Snacks Food  Steel & Steel Products  Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals www.niir.org
  • 34.  Township & Residential Complex  Textiles And Readymade Garments  Waste Management & Recycling  Wood & Wood Products  Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral Water)  Wire & Cable www.niir.org
  • 35. Niir Project Consultancy Services 106-E, Kamla Nagar, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.india@gmail.com , info@niir.org Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886 Mobile: +91-9811043595 Fax: +91-11-23841561 For more information, visit us at: www.niir.org www.niir.org