Striving For Better Environment Part – II
Eco-efficiency can be achieved by
1. Use of alternative raw material
2. Shifting to renewable sources of energy
∙
Bagasse
∙
Ethanol
3. Technology that reduces pollution
4. Reusing and recycling waste
Advantages of recycling are
a. It conserves energy and raw materials.
b. It saves space used in landfills.
c. It protects environment by effective
handling of waste materials.
d. It reduces the cost of production.

5. Durable goods
∙
Sustainable use of Resources
The world today is talking about the
development
in
industry,
infrastructure,
medicines, housing, etc. True development
is one in which we achieve growth and rise
in the standards of living without harming
our environment. So the development and
environment conservation should go hand in
hand to achieve sustainable development.
Sustainable use of resources is possible
at all level i.e. at individual level, village as
well as international level.

∙
At individual level all of us can control
usage of resources like –
∙
Objectives of sustainable development
are –
1. Reduce pollution by using eco-friendly
technology
2. Restrain the use of natural resources to
ensure availability for the future generation.
3. Protection of environment
4. Social equality in accessing resources.
5. Continuous economic growth.
To achieve the objectives of sustainable
development, we should follow some simple
steps.

∙
Conservation of energy
∙
Conservation of water
∙
Conservation of Biological Resources
∙
Reduction in pollution
∙
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle approach
∙
Population Control
∙
Consumerism
∙
Decision Making
∙
Enforcement of Acts, Laws and Policies
The
first
conference
on
Human
Environment (UNCHE) was held in
Stockholm, Sweden from 5th June to
16th June 1972.

In this conference, an organization
called
United
Nations
Environment
Programme (UNEP) was launched.
India
has
environmental
a
rich
protection
tradition
of
since
the
Vedic period. People used to worship
Sun, Moon, Agni, Vayu, some animals
and trees.
But
population
pressures,
rapid
industrialization and indiscriminate use
of forests for fuel, power generation and
irrigation resulted in large scale
degradation of environment. India is the
first country in the world that has
Provided constitutional provisions for the
protection and preservation of the
environment.

Some
specific
provisions
environmental
protections
in
constitutional are.
for
our
∙
Directive Principles of State Policy -
∙
Fundamental Duties –
∙
Enforcement by Legislations –
∙
The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1974
The Water Act defined water pollution
and
water
quality
standards.
It
prescribes penalties to the offenders.
∙
The Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981
The Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution)
Act
was
enacted
by
the

Parliament in 1981 for the control of air
pollution and preservation of quality of air.
The Environment (Protection) Act 1986
The Environment (Protection) Act 1986
came into force soon after the Bhopal Gas
tragedy. Thereafter which a large number of
laws came into existence as the problems
began arising.
Hazardous Waste (Handing and Silence
zone Management) Rules, 1989
In order to manage hazardous waste,
mainly solids, semi-solids and other
industrial

wastes which are not covered by the Water and
Air Acts. Ministry of Environment and forests,
Government of India notified the Hazardous
Waste (Management and Handling) Rules on
July 28, 1989.
The
Noise
Pollution
(Regulation
and
Control) Rules 2000
The increasing ambient noise levels in
public places from various sources, industrial
activity, construction activity, generator sets,
loud speakers, public address systems, music
systems, vehicular horns and other mechanical
devices have serious effect on human health
and the psychological well being of the people.
Silence Zones –

A silence zone is defined by competent
authorities as an area comparing not less than
100
meters
around
hospitals,
educational
institutions and courts.
Consequences of any violation in silence
zone –
Whoever commits any of the following in the
silence zones, shall be liable to be panelized
under the provisions of the act.
Bio-medical
waste
(management
and
Handling) Rules, 1998
Biomedical
waste,
if
not
handled
properly is a potent source of diseases like
AIDS, TB, Hepatitis and other bacterial disease
causing
serious
threat
to
human
health.

Therefore this waste needs prime attention for
its safe and proper disposal.
So
the
Government
of
India
published
Biomedical waste (Management and Handling)
Rules on July 27, 1998
E-waste (Management and Handling) Rules
2011
The E-waste rules are applicable to all
producers and consumers who manufacture,
purchase, process, mobile phones, TVs, ACs,
washing
machines, etc. This rule came into
effect in May 2011 and specifies that it is the
responsibility
of
the
producers
and
manufactures of electrical and electronic goods.
The environment is a key subject that
affects us all. Protection of the environment and

the move towards sustainable development
remains a responsibility that must be shared
between the public, governments and the
private sector.
Biological
resources
means
plants,
animals and microorganisms. The reasons for
depletion of biological resources are:
i.
Population explosion
To meet the increasing demands of growing
population, there is a pressure on land for
agricultural purposes.
ii. Industrialization
Increasing industries bring more land under
settlements, roads and allied infrastructure.
This causes environmental degradation.
iii. Urbanization

Forests are cut down for urbanization.
It should be the duty of every citizen of India
to protect and improve the natural environment
including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and
to have compassion for living creatures.
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