Eric Boyd, Internet2, Over the past 25 years, the modern Internet evolved in labs and dorms at R&E-enabled campuses, leading to the creation of large and successful companies such as Cisco, Mosaic, Facebook, Google, and Box. The pervasive bandwidth-rich environment found on campuses incubated technology development and enabled the creation of large scale early adopter communities that evolved into the Internet-centered commercial markets that exist today. The R&E Community has opportunity to once again serve as the laboratory for Internet innovation, and Internet2 is investing heavily in the resources needed by the R&E community to begin that new era of innovation. By recreating the bandwidth advantage historically held by R&E institutions and opening the network software stack to innovation, Internet2 seeks to create a new bandwidth-rich, programmable network for science, scholarship and service. This talk will cover Internet2's investment in the Network Development and Deployment Initiative (NDDI) in partnership with Indiana University and the Clean Slate Program at Stanford University. It will give details on the new opportunities for network innovation at R&E campuses enabled by the NDDI substrate, such as the recently launched Open Science, Services, and Scholarship Exchange (OS3E). It will also talk about how this creates an environment to support both scientific research and network research in labs and dorm rooms across the country and around the globe.

1. Winter
JT
2012
January
23,
2012
NEXT
GENERATION
INNOVATION
PLATFORM
FOR
RESEARCH
AND
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES

2. Why
this
talk?
• For the past decade, the R&E networking community
has been:
– Exploring new technologies (dynamic circuits, performance
monitoring)
– Experimenting with new protocols (multicast, IPv6)
– Building incrementally bigger networks more cost efficiently
– Refining business models through aggregation
• Joint Techs has played a key role:"
– Bring together the best and the brightest of the R&E technical
community "
– Opportunity to share ideas, demonstrate new technologies"

3. But …"

4. Are
we
having
an
impact?
• In 1996 it was about taking risks …"
• In the 2000s, it was about “can I protect my business
model?”"

5. We
have
the
numbers
Leading commercial innovators employ …"
• Facebook – 3,000"
• Google – 32,000"
• Apple – 60,000"
• Cisco – 63,000"
"
R&E communityʼs collective ranks …"
• IT departments"
• Campus engineering departments"
• University technical incubators"
Collectively, we outnumber leading commercial innovators …"
5
–
1/23/12,
©
2009
Internet2

6. Can our collective impact on the
future Internet exceed these
industry leaders?"

7. US R&E Community:
A History of Innovation

8. Historical
Drivers
of
InnovaIon
• Creating opportunity for new innovation begins with
understanding what has enabled innovation in the past.
• Seminal role of the R&E community "
– Creation of the modern Internet "
– Creation of transformative technology of our era"
• Story is on-going, not simply historical"
• Setting the groundwork for the next stage"

9. Return on Investment in R&E networking
• Total 30 year Federal investment of $225M to enable
the precursors of the internet are small, but…"
– NSFNet/connections program ~$75M* "
– CS-Net ~$5M*"
– ARPAnet ~$150M*"
• Have catalyzed Internet businesses including:"
– Internet Services Providers $40B /yr"
– Network hardware vendors $100B /yr"
– Internet software & services $100B /yr"

10. Vignette: Internet Service Providers
• First early commercial Internet companies were spun out of R&E
networks "
– Merit Network co-created ANS"
– The Center for Seismic Studies in Northern Virginia created UUNET"
– Nysernet created PSINet"
• WWW and web browsers and early commercial sites created
avalanche of demand for commercial Internet presence"
– The first web browsers were created by CERN and NCSA at the University of
Illinois Chicago Urbana"
• Reality: Internet became the de facto standard because that s
where the action was – created by the R&E community"
• Now the ISP Market is $40B annually and Internet Software and
Services Market is $100B annually "

11. Vignette: Network Equipment Market
• Early routers were built on campuses
(Fuzzball, early Stanford Router, early MIT
router, BSD Unix routers)"
• Cisco & Proteon commercialized first routers
based on Stanford and MIT technology; early
customers were R&E running multi-protocol
networks"
• Market today for Internet network equipment:
$100B annually"

12. Vignette: Technology Companies
• Workstations (Sun Micro from Berkeley, Stanford)"
• Routers (CISCO from Stanford, Proteon from MIT)"
• Network caching (Akamai from MIT)"
• Security/IDS (Arbor Networks from Univ. of Michigan)"
• Web Technologies (Gopher from Minnesota, Mosiac from NCSA)"
• Content (Facebook from Harvard; Google from Stanford)"
• Internet evolved from the bandwidth rich
environment in labs and on campuses that
started with the ARPAnet and NSFnet"

13. Vignette: Media Companies
• Traditional media companies delivered physical content
through tightly controlled channels"
– Books: Books sold through bookstores / Amazon"
– Newspapers: Delivered to your door"
– Music: Albums sold through music stores / Amazon"
– Movies: Movies shown in movie theaters and rented at
Blockbuster"
• Although rampant file-sharing on campuses created legal
issues and other headaches for the R&E community,
companies that grew out of the R&E community, such as
Napster, upended the entire media industry."
• New era of media companies focused on electronic delivery"
– Delivery via smartphones (iPhone, Android), tablets (iPad,
Kindle)"
– Sold through app stores, iTunes, Netflix"

14. Information-Based Economy
• Whole new markets have been created that have
benefited our economy through new companies and
the information-based economy
• Many companies have been created or re-invented
through innovations in the R&E community "
• Even those who have been reluctant to lead change
have become major beneficiaries of the innovation"
• R&E community has been the source of the disruptive
technologies that enabled whole new industries and
changed existing ones"

15. Role of the R&E Community
• R&E Community is critical to advancement of networking
and advanced applications in the US and the World"
• We moved and continue to move the world from proprietary
to open networking "
• We led and continue to lead thinking from bandwidth
scarcity to bandwidth availability – new applications do not
happen without capacity for innovation"
• The leading and game changing apps continue to start on
campuses and research labs"
• Leading new companies and entire industries have their
roots on our campuses; our investments seeded the
creation of the internet economy."
"
"
"
"

16. Laboratory for Innovation
• The R&E community is partners with the private sector."
• By building networks and applications that advance the
state-of-the-art we create whole new markets for
advanced communications"
• Many of the capabilities that service providers are
beginning to offer now were prototyped on college
campuses in the 1990ʼs"
– University investment in residence hall networks created
massive demand for home internet as students went home"
• Providers need users like the R&E community to prove
the models and build the early applications that create
demand in the pre-commercial stage"

17. An observation about our past and an
observation about the future:
1.5 Mb – 100 Mb 100 Mb – 10 Gb 10 Gb – 1Tb Gb
innova=on
accelerates
innova=on
slows
innova=on
opportunity
R&E
out
in
front
R&E
leadership
fades
where
is
R&E?
Ethernet
Introduced
in
uncompressed
R&E
video
?
Browser
VoIP
?
&
WWW
SEARCH
?
Large
Data
?
chat
Exchange
Video
so8ware
Theme
in
this
era
becomes:
defined
Basis
of
the
whole
internet
Aggrega=on
networking
economy
is
created
Cost
Savings
in
R&E
Community
Efficiency
Compe==on
17
–
1/23/12,
©
2011
Internet2

18. CondiIons
for
Network
InnovaIon
We can t predict the future, but we can set conditions for innovation
going forward:
• PlenIful
Bandwidth
– Bandwidth
“to
the
pillow”
that
greatly
exceeds
the
current
norm
• New
Network
Applica=on
Development
Paradigms
– Ability
to
drive
networks
to
create
new
and
innovaIve
applicaIons
support
18
–
1/23/12,
©
2009
Internet2

19. Conditions for Innovation:
Plentiful Bandwidth
• Demand follows application availability (which needs
large scale operating environments to enable adoption)"
– Commercial approaches tend to limit bandwidth use,
innovation platforms need to encourage utilization"
• Real applications tend to evolve from ubiquitous
deployment in real communities, which campuses have
traditionally enabled. "
– small demo pilots don t provide adequate scale and real-world
conditions for applications to take off"
• We need to create a platform for future innovation that
outstrips current capabilities and enables new thinking."
"

20. Conditions for Innovation: New Network
Application Development Paradigms
• Content addressable networks"
– Today: Google / DNS / IP address maps to a server, not to
content"
– Tomorrow: Address leads to content, not to server"
• Flexible networks "
– Today: Network topologies are largely fixed and predetermined"
– Tomorrow: Virtual network topologies that evolve in response
to application needs"
• Modularized networks"
– Today: Bundle data plane and control plane into expensive
routers supporting legacy protocols"
– Tomorrow: Decouple data plane from control plane, reducing
costs and accelerating the cycle of innovation"
"

21. Summary
• Ongoing investments in R&E networks have:"
– Put the Internet2 community “way out in front” of the commercial markets"
– Created new playing fields "
– Enables innovations "
– Transformed global economy to an information-based economy."
• Campus and national labs:"
– Offered personal ethernet while carriers offered dial up"
– Served as test beds for ubiquitous information technologies in use today"
• Internet2ʼs core mission"
– Facilitate that innovation platform "
– Keep our campuses “way out in front” of commodity offerings."
• The community is demanding that Interent2 be a forward leaning
organization that coalesces community leaders in R&E to get “way
out in front” again."
• The Internet2 community can create an environment for
innovation."

22. The Internet2 Community
Going Forward:
A Platform for Innovation

23. Creating an Environment for Innovation
• To reopen opportunity, world needs R&E to once again
create a new playing field that is “way out in front”."
• Strategy 1: Invest in dramatically increasing capacity"
– Raw capacity on optical networks is a key enabler"
– Must deliver high speed flows at fraction of current cost"
– Once again create massive capacity for innovation that breaks
from commoditized business models"
• Strategy 2: Open the network software stack itself to
programmability to allow applications innovation"
– Adopt “Software Defined Networking” and push aggressively
with broad deployments"
– Create open national operating environments that welcome
disruptive technology at scale"

24. Strategy 1: Exponential Capacity Refactoring
• New applications will dwarf current state-of-the-art
networks and need new capacity for innovation.
• New areas like systems biology with benefits for
global health have enormous network capacity
requirements to begin to make public impact "
– Imagine going to a doctor with an ailment if that doctor had the capacity to
sequence your genome or analyze a virus against your genome in real
time…"
– The sequencing technology is approachable; but the network capacity is
not yet."
– Need to quickly exchange terabyte datasets (working on real data
examples) for diagnostic and remediation purposes"
• Move aggressively to make the capacity of the new network
available at our leading research universities"
• Create incentives for that capacity to be extended deep in to the
campuses for non-commodity uses "

25. Strategy 2: Software Defined Networking
• Applications Innovation in the network layer has been
difficult due to closed nature of todayʼs networks"
• Todays network cost and software model resembles
the mainframe model"
• New thinking (led by Stanford) to open up network
layer to innovation through SDN is underway"
• Beginning to virtualize hardware to allow innovators to
share physical platform with alternative software"
• New R&E based Software Defined Network platform at
wide scale may be the next innovation platform"

26. Build
an
Ecosystem
Built
on
Partnerships
Network Providers!
&!
Industry Partners!
26
–
1/23/12,
©
2011
Internet2

27. InnovaIon
Investment
on
the
Campus
Building Network Replacements
• Leading
Campuses
quickly
to support SDN
posiIoned
for
SDN
applicaIon
innovaIon
and
data
intensive
science
delivery
Engineering, Biology, Computer
• Start
with
SDN
updates
in
major
Science Buildings
science
buildings
• Support
pervasive
100G
• Support
Science-­‐DMZ
• Support
pervasive
SDN
100G/SDN
SDN Science DMZ Traditional Campus Network
Internet2 100G Border
100G/SDN
Commodity
Internet 10G’s
27
–
1/23/12,
©
2012
Internet2

28. Internet2 SDN strategy:
• Create a national platform for innovation known as the Network
Development and Deployment Initiative (NDDI)"
– Partners include Indiana University and Stanford University"
– First phase underway and well received"
• Expanded collaboration with NSF/GENI "
– NSF / GENI are creating the regional & campus early adopter community"
– Support migration of GENI innovations on to NDDI for the future"
• Support program to make NDDI the primary innovation platform"
– Development of middleware for an SDN “application store” allowing
innovators to offer their “products” to a wide user base for trial"
– Coordination with our industry partners to make Internet2 sticky for their
innovations and collaboration."

29. Internet2
NaIonal
InnovaIon
Plaaorm
• Expand
on
NDDI
(first
producIon
SDN
WAN
network)
• Primarily
100
G
Backbone
• Support
SDN
throughout
• Up
to
40
IniIal
Nodes
• Virtualized
/
Sliceable
• Globally
Interconnected
• Support
for
broad
scale
applica=on
development
29
–
1/23/12,
©
2012
Internet2

30. Community Involvement
• This is an Internet2 community platform for innovation
• What are the roles each of us much play?
– CIO and CRO?
– IT Organization?"
• How do we as a community encourage innovation?"

31. NEXT
GENERATION
INNOVATION
PLATFORM
FOR
RESEARCH
AND
ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES
Winter
Joint
Techs
January
23rd,
2012
For
more
informaIon,
visit
hip://www.internet2.edu/nddi
31
–
1/23/12,
©
2011
Internet2