The Annual Report of 2015 Human rights in Egypt: What Could Possibly Be Worse? The Egyptian Coordination For Rights and Freedoms Cairo 2016

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The Annual Report of 2015
The Egyptian coordination
of Rights and Freedoms
Cairo 2016
Human rights in Egypt:
What Could Possibly Be Worse?
The Egyptian Coordination For Rights and Freedoms
Cairo 2016

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‫فهرسة‬ ‫بطاقة‬
‫املرصية‬ ‫الكتب‬ ‫لدار‬ ‫العامة‬ ‫الهيئة‬ ‫إعداد‬ ‫النرش‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫فهرسة‬
‫الفـنيـة‬ ‫الـشـئــون‬ ‫إدارة‬
‫عام‬ ‫حصاد‬ :‫العنوان‬
‫؟‬ ‫أين‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫مرص‬ ‫يف‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫حقـوق‬
2015 ‫السـنــــــوي‬ ‫الــتـقـــريــــر‬
‫والحريات‬ ‫للحقوق‬ ‫املرصية‬ ‫التنسيقية‬ :‫القاهرة‬ - 1‫ط‬
‫املواطــن‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫سم‬ 24 ،‫ص‬ 212
)‫(املؤلف‬ ‫والحـريـات‬ ‫للحقـــوق‬ ‫املرصيـة‬ ‫التنسيـقية‬
The Egyptian coordination
of Rights and Freedoms
Prepared by:
The Egyptian Coordination of Rights and Freedoms
Reporting Unit
Series of citizen’s rights
Publisher: The Egyptian Coordination For Rights
and Freedoms
E-mail: Egypt.ecrf@gmail.com
Website: www.Ecrfeg.org
Proofreader: Dr. Abdul Rahman Badr Eldin
Cover design and art direction: Khadija Zakaria
Deposit No: 2934 for the year 2016
The Annual Report of 2015
Human Rights in Egypt: What Could Possibly Be Worse?

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Human rights in Egypt… Where to?
Contributors:
The Reporting Unit of the Egyptian Coordination of Rights and Freedoms
Researchers:
Doaa Hussein human rights researcher
Asmaa Mahmoud human rights researcher
Amr Ahmed lawyer and a human rights researcher
Mohammed Abu Huraira lawyer and a human rights researcher
Alaa Monsef human rights lawyer and researcher
Director of the Unit: Doha Ezzedine
Legal Review: Mohammed Elsayed Lawyer and legal scholar
Art Direction: Khadija Zakaria
General Manager
Ezzat Ghoniem

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Index
Introduction
About the Coordination
Methodology
Executive Summary
PartI: violations of civil and political rights
Chapter One: The Violations
1. Extrajudicial Killings
2. Enforced Disappearances
3. Torture
4. Arbitrary and Preventive Detention
5. Prisons
6. Collective Punishment, Siege, and the Breaking into Towns
and Villages
7. Military Trials
8. Death Sentences
Chapter Two: The Most Vulnerable Groups
1. Women
2. Children
3. The Disabled
4. Migrants and Refugees
Chapter Three: Professionals
1. Journalists and Media Workers
2. Lawyers and Human Rights Activists
3. Academic Staff
Chapter Four: Violations against Students
Chapter Five: Legislation in the Absence of Parliament
Part II: Violations of Economic and Social Rights
1. Suicide
2. Dismissal from Work
Part III: Recommendations
5
6
8
11
17
18
23
40
50
58
87
95
101
111
112
131
139
146
151
152
166
173
196
203
212
213
217
227

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The essential criterion for the success of all private and government foundations and
organizations depends on the extent the law and the regulations concerning everyone
are applied to all, without exception or discrimination. This criterion measures how
the state respects the rights of its citizens. The application of law without exception or
discrimination, in full respect of international human rights standards, distinguish-
es between the developed countries and the underdeveloped countries. Our civilized
world is measured by the commitment to upholding the rights of citizens.
Yet here in Egypt, there are many unknown facts, and many victims whose cases have
gone undocumented. However, the obvious fact which we would like to highlight is that
there are violations, and these human rights abuses have become too numerous to be
reviewed in a report in their entirety. Though this report can reflect statistics, it cannot
describe the human pain that one suffers due to the violation of his rights and dignity.
Those observing the situation of human rights in Egypt over the past two years can see
that conditions have deteriorated. The negligence of human rights and dignity in Egypt
is not derived from the collective mind of Egypt, but it is particularly derived from
the negligence of the authorities themselves. The officials have forgotten that they are
responsible for all Egyptians without any discrimination. The good people of Egypt,
however, still reject affronts to humanity and the violation of their rights.
Juridical terms such as “enforced disappearance,” “physical liquidation,” “extra-judicial
killings,” and “medical negligence in prison” were not common in the general frame-
work in Egypt and only jurists and academics knew about them. Now these terms have
become common, proving that these crimes have reached the common people who
are not associated with politics, and as a result of their perpetration hundreds of times
until these acts affect the hearts of everyone. The security agencies are attempting to
escape from accountability, and thus they dismiss "enforced disappearances" as merely
cases of "missing" persons, and "extrajudicial killings" as their effort to "fight terrorism."
There are also new terms that have entered into public discourse which were previously
unheard of, even among academics. For instance, "hostage-taking" describes persons
detained by the security agencies in order to force their relatives to surrender.
What is worse is the negative role of the public prosecution. Public prosecutors more
often reject to apply the law, and to document and prevent instances of torture, murder
and forced disappearance. Additionally, public prosecutors have refused to investigate
the records and reports submitted by victims’ families.
In such a seemingly intransigent environment, we announced the launch of the Egyp-
tian Coordination for Rights and Freedoms in the beginning of August, 2014 to be a
neutral human rights organization, trying our best to stop the egregious negligence of
human rights in Egypt, and to express the pain of those victims who do not otherwise
have a voice to cry out against the governors. It is our hope to put an end to these con-
tinued egregious violations against Egyptians.
The Egyptian Coordination has continued in this role since its founding, and remains
to this day. We have discovered cases of enforced disappearances, documented cases
of extrajudicial killings, and issued detailed reports about cases of torture and abuse.
We will continue, God willing, until the ruling power is committed to upholding the
rights of citizens, and until they review their policies which violate human rights.
Introduction

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Establishment:
‫ا‬EThe Egyptian Coordination of Rights and Freedoms is an Egyptian human rights orga-
nization based in Cairo, founded in August of 2014. We are an independent, neutral,
non-profit, non-governmental organization aiming to document violations that occur
in Egypt. We publish systematically objective reports, studies and research in order: to
guarantee the rights of victims; to document historical events for the historical record;
and to pressure to stop violations and abuse of Egyptian citizens and all residents
within the lands of Egypt in accordance with the Constitution and the law.
It should be noted that the reports issued by the Coordination serve as references for
many international and local human rights organizations, governmental and non-gov-
ernmental organizations, as well as for a broad range of international and local Ara-
bic-language news agencies.
The "Egyptian Coordination of Rights and Freedoms" was established in Egypt as an
independent human rights civil society organization to express the pains and concerns
of Egyptian citizens after the organizers of the organization recognized systematic hu-
man rights violations in Egypt, and the need within society to provide unconditional
assistance to victims and their families.
The first founding conference of the organization was held on the first of August,
2014, which was followed by an inaugural conference on August 18, 2014, held in the
Egyptian Journalists’ Syndicate. There was broad participation of many movements
and civil society organizations in Egypt, human rights activists, and extensive media
coverage.
Our Vision:
A homeland free of human rights violations, realizing every person's natural right to live
in freedom, justice, and with human dignity, and to enjoy these conditions regardless of
ideology, skin color, political approach or ideals, or social status.
Our Message:
Support all the oppressed and defend them against the violations to which they are ex-
posed.
A Brief about the Coordination
About the Organization
The Coordination is On the Side of Humanity
Egyptian Coordination for Rights and Freedoms
The Struggle for the Freedom and Dignity of Egyptians

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Objectives:
1 Establish cooperation between all parties, institutions and activists to monitor and
document human rights violations.
2 Develop a culture promoting human rights work and community volunteering among
youth, helping them to monitor and document human rights violations and to defend
the oppressed.
3 Support and protect the most vulnerable sectors of society by asserting their rights
and equality with others in the community, particularly women, children, the disabled,
and ethnic and religious minorities.
4 Build an archive documenting all human rights violations in Egypt.

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The report tells about the violations that took place during the period from
January through December of 2015, with reference to some figures and
statistics about the violations which took place in the two years previous.
Methodology
The Time Period
Terminology
1 Enforced Disappearances:
kidnapping or detaining or any deprivation of any kind of liberty of any
person for political reasons, followed by a refusal to acknowledge its occur-
rence; or the deprivation of one’s liberty and the refusal to announce his
place and not present him for prosecution within 48 hours of his detention,
restricting his freedom without acknowledgement.
2 Physical Liquidation
homicide that is carried out by security forces against a citizen such that
he is killed by live ammunition, by throwing him from the roof of a home, or
any other means of murder during detention or after.
3 Extra Judicial Killings:
homicide which violates the law without a court ruling on a citizen or sev-
eral citizens, whether murder, physical liquidation, medical negligence, tor-
ture, disbursing demonstrations, and all other forms of homicide in viola-
tion of the law.
4 4 Hostage-Taking:
detention of an individual or a group of individuals to coerce someone to
surrender to any security body of the Egyptian State.
5 Unfair Dismissals:
dismissal from a public and private workplace due to the political position
of the individual, and not as a result of a professional error
6 Torture:
every act which results in severe pain and suffering, whether physical or
mental, financially or morally intentionally inflicted on a person to coerce
him to reveal information or to affiliate with an act or an organization, or to
force others to do a specific act or to prevent him from doing something.
7 Arbitrary Arrest and Detention:
the process of arresting and detaining an individual or a group of individ-
uals - sometimes with judicial permission - when there is no evidence of
wrongdoing.

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1 The Coordination relies on a special team of jurists to issue reports and studies,
through monitoring and field visits and meetings with victims and their families.
2 The report also relies on published reports and data from government and
official bodies, comparing the government's account with what is documented
from the victims' families or witnesses in addition to official records.
Further Notes
1 This report does not include the conditions in Sinai because it is impossible to
monitor and document there directly. It does include those identified violations
within the scope of the Arab Republic of Egypt, whether the violation was against
Egyptians or foreigners, or violations against Egyptians abroad.
2 This report only circumstantially refers to the cases of deaths in the ranks of the
armed forces and the police because it is impossible to communicate with their
families or to document the cases accurately because of a lack of information.
3 This report does not include the conditions of Egyptians who were forced to
flee Egypt as refugees to other countries due to political conditions in the country
because of the difficulty of gathering information.
4 All terms used in this report have been agreed upon by the reporting unit in the
Coordination based upon the legal description of the term and its government
and security use.
5 The difference in the statistics that may exist from one report to another is be-
cause the members of the Coordination are constantly checking, updating, and
correcting their information based upon their investigations.
6 The statistics and figures presented in these reports are not final, as they are
subject to the constant checking by the organization's monitoring and documenta-
tion teams.
Collection of information

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The rights that are protected and the personal privileges for all citizens under the law,
including the right of safety, liberty, personal security, and justice, procedural rights
of the defendant, individual freedoms and political freedoms.
We find that these rights that are disclosed in the International Covenant
for Civil and Political Rights from article 6 to article 27, confronted by a
number of serious violations during 2015, such as:
1- Qualitative analysis of violations such as murder, torture, disappearance, military
trial, etc.
2 -The most vulnerable groups particularly women, children, the disabled, and refu-
gees.
3- Special file for professionals, specifically journalists, human rights activists, law-
yers, and university staff members.
4-Violations against students.
5-Legislations enacted without a parliament.
1- Suicide
2-Occupational dismissal
The third section discusses the national and international legal frameworks protect-
ing human rights.
Finally, the recommendations were distributed according to the competen-
cies and responsibilities of each party in Egyptian society, according to the
following:
Executive summary
The first section covers five categories of violations of civil and political
rights, which are:
The second section covers economic and social rights. The report
focuses on just two forms of violations of the social and economic
rights of Egyptians, which are
- In the light of the efforts of the Egyptian Coordination for rights and freedoms to
monitor the status of human rights in Egypt, we have issued the report about the
human rights situation in the year 2015 entitled, “Human Rights in Egypt: What
Could Possibly Be Worse?”
Part I: Civil and Political Rights
Based upon the efforts of the Egyptian Coordination to issue a professional human
rights report, we have divided this report into three sections

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The human right to life (infringed upon by arbitrary killings and the death penalty),
prohibiting torture and cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment. The Egyptian Co-
ordination monitored three categories of breaches of this right:
A- Arbitrary Killing:
DDuring 2015, the Egyptian Coordination monitored 335 cases of extrajudicial killings
where: 7 citizens were killed by execution; 27 citizens were murdered through tor-
ture; 87 citizens were murdered by medical negligence; 50 citizens were murdered
during protests; and 143 citizens were killed by live ammunition or by throwing them
from the rooftops or by killing them in an unknown explosive accidents; apart from
21 dead due to sectarian violence.
B- Torture
During 2015, 387 cases of torture were documented based on the complaints re-
ceived directly from victims’ families; a total of 876 cases of torture were document-
ed, including cases without verification from victims’ families.
C- Death penalty
We monitored 1763 cases that were referred to the Grand Mufti, including 1758
males and 5 females, of whom four defendants died in detention after referral to the
Grand Mufti. During the time period of the report, 729 death sentences were issued;
of whom 427 were sentenced to death and their appeal has not yet been consid-
ered; 260 were sentenced to death and their appeal was granted, granting a retrial; 7
were sentenced to death, their appeal was granted with a retrial, and then they were
sentenced to death for the second time; 56 were sentenced to death, and they face
Safety from arrest or detention, and the right to habeas corpus, which imposes
procedural controls on detention requiring informing promptly any person exposed
to detention of the charges against him and presenting him promptly to a compe-
tent court for trial.
Many violations of this right were observed during this period including cases of
arbitrary detention, enforced disappearance, and referral to military trials for civil-
ians, according to the following instances:
A- Arbitrary Detention:
The Egyptian Coordination observed during 2015 approximately 23,000 cases of ar-
bitrary detention of Egyptian citizens. Most of these citizens are under temporary
detention, or have been referred to trial - military or civilian trials - in which they are
not guaranteed a fair trial.
(1) The Right of Physical Safetythe
(2)The Right to Liberty and Security of Person

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Freedom of movement, thought, and expression, freedom of association and
assembly, the right to citizenship, and the right to privacy.
A-Freedom of Movement:
During this period the siege of several villages and cities was observed in various
governorates of Egypt, preventing citizens from moving freely, restricting them, and
arbitrarily detaining a large number of citizens.
In addition to this, a large number of citizens were prevented from traveling,
particularly jurists, journalists, and community figures.
The number of Egyptian prisons increased from 42 to 51 after nine new prisoners
were built in 2015.
B- Freedom of Thought and Expression:
The Coordination witnessed the following violations of Egyptians’ freedom of
thought and expression, particularly targeting media workers and journalists:
i-The killing of 4 journalists in different violent incidents.
ii-The enforced disappearance and torture of 14 journalists.
iii- One-hundred and ninety-three (193) instances of physical abuse during media and
press coverage.
iv- Fifty (50) cases of arbitrary detention of journalists and media workers.
v- Thirty-eight (38) journalists and media workers were referred to criminal trials,
whether civilian or military trials.
vi- 12 television programs were prevented from airing.
vii- Egyptian security and/or police raided the headquarters of 14 newspapers, satel-
lite television channels, and news websites.
viii- In addition to the huge intransigence in dealing with journalists and media people
particularly those inside prisons.
Enforced Disappearance:
We observed 1840 cases of enforced disappearance of Egyptian citizens during the
period of observation; approximately 366 of these cases are still regarded as enforced
disappearances at the time of this report’s publication, and we will attach to the re-
port a detailed list about people who are still considered cases of enforced disappear-
ance based upon testimony gathered from the families of the victims.
C- Referral of civilians to military trials:
We observed during this period approximately 6,048 Egyptian citizens referred to
military courts in 288 cases, including approximately 578 students and minors; ap-
proximately 74 doctors, 181 teachers, and 30 lawyers. Approximately 163 of these
cases received a ruling, wherein 18 civilian citizens were sentenced to death, more
than a thousand were sentenced to life imprisonment, and thousands more were
sentenced to serve prison terms ranging from seven to fifteen years.
(3) Individual Freedom

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The four categories of people in the community that need particular care, and are
most vulnerable to abuse are women, children, the disabled and refugees.
A-Women:
Women in Egypt are exposed to many violations of their rights and dignity. From July
3, 2013 to the end of 2015, up to two thousand girls and women were held in
detention; about sixty (60) girls and women are still arbitrarily detained. Most women
are detained in Cairo (22); there are ten (10) women detained in Damietta; there are
nine (9) women detained in Al-Dakhalia; six (6) women are detained in Giza; four (4)
women are detained in Al-Gharbia; three (3) women are detained in Alexandria; two
(2) women are detained in Beni Suef; and one woman is detained in each province of
Ismailia, Sohag, Al-Fayoum and Al-Sharqia.
B- Children:
The Coordination documented one thousand two-hundred forty-three (1,243) cases
of violations of the rights of children under the age of eighteen. In 2015, there were
approximately six-hundred and thirty (630) cases of children held in detention,
sixteen (16) cases of extrajudicial killings, two-hundred and fifty (250) cases of torture,
one-hundred and twenty one (121) cases of enforced disappearance, and eighty-nine
(89) cases of medical negligence.
C- The Disabled:
We were unable to document all of the cases of disability and disabled persons inside
Egyptian prisons and places of detention. The total number of those we were able to
observe is 480 cases of detention, imprisonment, and court rulings against disabled
persons.
D- Immigrants and refugees:
Officials recorded the presence of 80,000 Syrian refugees in Egypt; other sources have
documented approximately 250,000 Syrian refugees. The rate of violations increased
against refugees in Egypt, whereby dozens of them have been detained or subjected
to enforced disappeared for different periods. Additionally, the Egyptian state has
expanded the restrictions on the issuing of residence permits in Egypt, which has
forced many refugees to flee Egypt by various (often dangerous) means.
(4)The Most Vulnerable Groups in Society:
C-Freedom of assembly and association:
- The Coordination found a significant increase in the frequency of violations of the
freedoms of assembly and association, whether public or private meetings, as well
as instances of Egyptian security/police forces breaking into many independent me-
dia institutions and severe restrictions on human rights activists and media workers,
particularly in their right to form human rights organizations or independent media
institutions.
-

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- As an indication of the absence of economic and social rights, we focused in this
section on cases of suicide as well as arbitrary dismissal from the workplace as a
clear indicator of the absence of rights of workers and employees to a dignified life
and their right to a decent standard of living.
A-1. Suicide:
During 2015 the Egyptian Coordination documented approximately 215 cases of
suicide, wherein 81% (174 cases) were males and 19% (41 cases) were females.
Those in the age group of 18 to 35 years constituted 52% (115 cases) of those who
committed suicide; those 36 to 60 years of age constituted 20% (42 cases) of suicide
cases; 18% (40 cases) of those who committed suicide were of an unknown age; 8%
(18 cases) of those who committed suicide were children under the age of 17; and
there were three cases of the elderly - those over 60 years old - committing suicide.
B- Arbitrary Dismissal:
a- We documented the arbitrary dismissal of approximately 5,000 employees of the
state administrative system from the end of 2013 until the end of 2015.
b- In 2015 we documented the arbitrary dismissal from the judiciary of fifty-one (51)
judges because of their political opinions.
c- In 2015 we documented the arbitrary dismissal of six-hundred and seventy-one
(671) journalists, writers and media workers.
d- In 2015 we documented the arbitrary dismissal of forty-six (46) university profes-
sors because of their political opinions.
e- In 2015 we documented the arbitrary dismissal of approximately two hundred (200)
teachers because of their political opinions.
Egyptian Coordination of Rights and Freedoms
We have documented forty-four (44) Palestinians held in detention in Egypt and four
(4) cases of enforced disappearances.
Part II: Economic and Social Rights

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Under the pretext of fighting terrorism, all of the civil and political rights of Egyptians have
been violated, their dignity has been violated, their bodies have been violated by torture and
rape, freedom has been violated by arbitrary arrest and forced disappearance, and even the
right to life has been violated as people are killed and blood has been shed.
After killing, statements of justification are issued. The government issues any of a wide va-
riety of justifications without any traces of evidence.
During 2015, Egyptian Coordination of Rights & Freedom has monitored more than three
hundred and thirty-five (335) cases of state-sponsored homicide. As far as those killed in the
name of law and order, seven (7) Egyptians were executed, twenty-seven (27) were killed by
torture, eighty-seven (87) were killed by medical negligence, fifty (50) were killed in demon-
strations, one hundred and forty-three (143) were killed by direct physical extermination
and twenty-one (21) were killed in other cases.
First Topic: Murder
Murder by the Judiciary
(Execution)
Chapter (1) Specific Violations
First Topic: Murder
a- On March 7th, 2015, a penalty of execution
wasappliedtoMahmoudHassanRamadanAb-
dul Nabi, an accountant, in spite of the obvious
legal defects marring the issued judgment, the
lack of clear evidence, the severe torture sus-
tained by Mr. Ramadan to confess, and media
disinformation and lies that contributed to the
judgment by defamation and transmitting part
of a video that is not considered as true evi-
dence, supposedly showing to the public that
the crime was committed. Audio recordings

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and video cassettes – items seized through
lawsuits – are not considered as complete
evidence. Instead, they are used to reach
the truth, if possible. The said audio record-
ings and video cassettes are vulnerable to
tampering, deletion, addition, backward,
forward, and all processes of montage. Thus,
it is established that such recordings are not
used as evidences in criminal lawsuits.
The follower of Mr. Ramadan’s lawsuit can
note how litigation procedures were unduly
conducted to issue judgment and approval
of execution, in addition to dismissing all the
challenges and appeals submitted regarding
the judgment.
b- On May 18th, 2015, judgment of execu-
tion was applied to six Egyptians in the law-
suit known in the media as Arab Sharkas
Lawsuit (Lawsuit No. 43 Criminal Military of
2014). The lawsuit is considered as sufficient
evidence that the Egyptian government has
paid no heed to international treaties and
covenants, of which it is a signatory, pro-
hibiting the trial of civilians before military
courts. The execution of the six Egyptians in
the Arab Sharkas Lawsuit amounts to mur-
der by the Egyptian judiciary.
The penalty of execution was actually applied
through the military lawsuit to six innocent
persons whose names and ages are as fol-
lows: Muhammad Ali Affifi and Muhammad
Bakri Haroun (31), Hani Mustafa Amen Amer
and Abdul Rahman Sayed Rezk (18), Khalid
Farag Muhammad Ali (28) and Islam Sayed
Ahmad (27).
As far as the fabrication of evidence to accusa-
tions, three of the accused persons in the lawsuit
were arrested three months before the incident
of Arab Sharkas and four of them were arrested
three days before the occurrence of the incident.
Muhammad Ali Affifi was arrested on Novem-
ber 19th, 2013; Muhammad Bakri Haroun was
arrested along with his wife and sons in Zag-
azig on November 28th, 2013; Hani Mustafa
Amen Amer was arrested on December 16th,
2013; Abdul Rahman Sayed Rezk, the second-
ary school student in the case, Farag Muham-
mad Ali, Islam Sayed Ahmad and Ahmad Abu
Serea were all arrested on March 16th, 2014,
and the eighth person accused, Hossam Hosni
Abdul Latif Saad, was arrested on March 17th,
2014, two days before the incident of in the vil-
lage of Arab Sharkas occurred on March 19th
All of the accused sustained enforced dis-
appearance for a period of time exceeding 3
months, during which period the relatives and
attorneys of the accused were not informed of
their location. The accused did not receive hu-
mane treatment and sustained torture, which
caused many of them to suffer from bone frac-
tures and injuries with the aim of forcing them
to admit the accusations directed thereto. The
accused in this lawsuit did not obtain approval
from the military courts to summon defense
witnesses. The only witness in this lawsuit was
an officer in the National Security Sector.

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TThe cruel and violent ordeal of state torture in Egypt begins as opponents of the state
are stolen from their homes, thrown into prisons and police jails, and submitted to a re-
gime of beating, kicking, slapping, and more severe forms of physical and sexual abuse.
Torture reaches the severity of state officials cutting the tongue or ears, which often re-
sults in death.
The Egyptian Coordination has monitored twenty-four (24) cases of torture which led to
death inside police stations and prisons in 2015.
1- Karim Hamdi
On 22 February 2015, National Securi-
ty forces arrested twenty-eight year old
Karim Hamdi, an attorney, from his home
In the Al Marg neighborhood of Cairo. Mr.
Karim was taken to Mataria Police Station
and summoned before the public prosecu-
tion.
Mr. Karim's family stated that Karim had
informed the public prosecutor during an
inquiry that he was subjected to severe
torture inside Mataria Police Station, but
the public prosecutor decided that Karim
was to return to the jail. It was the last
night he spent in the police station as he
died from torture. The victim's family con-
firmed that there were signs of torture on
his neck, an incision wound on his head, a
fractured nose, some of his hair was cut
and there were bruises covering his body
because of torture.
i. Forensic Examiner’s report:
The Forensic Medicine's report revealed
the incident of the death of the Attorney
Karim Hamdi after being tortured in Matar-
ia Police Station at the hand of two officers
of the National Security Sector. The said
report states that the victim was suffering
from bruises on the front of the neck, on
the left side of the chest, and around the
groin. There was an old wound in the right
buttock (5 cm) and injuries on the left side
of the nose and neck.
According to the foregoing report No. 449 of
2015 and having conducted visual examina-
tion and autopsy for the corpse of the vic-
tim, Karim Hamdi Muhammad, it becomes
clear that the injuries found on the corpse
are vital and new as the result of his body
being thrown up against a hard surface.
The report indicated that the victim's corpse
contains wounds on the middle of the neck
and on the upper part of chest, signs of
abrasion on the wrist of his right hand, a
wound on the side of the wrist of the left
hand, a wound in the middle of the back, a
wound on the inside of the left buttock, a
wound on the left leg at the middle of the
knee, redness around the pubic region, evi-
dence of the swelling of the penis and scro-
tum, traces of surgery, surgical stitches on
the right buttock, and old surgical stitches
on the left side of the lower abdomen.
The visual examination indicated that the
victim was in the third decade of life hav-
ing sharp eyesight and a slim body build,
Torture to Death

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in the stage of rigor mortis interfered with
the factors of keeping in the fridge, Putre-
faction is not apparent yet and hypostasis
with pale color as the corpse, except for the
focal positions.
Among the indications of torture that the
corpse bore as a result of recent wounds:
Excoriated reddish bruise 2 cm. by 1 cm.
in the middle of nose bone, reddish bruise
of 2 cm. by 1 cm. with no definite shape
found on the bottom left of the lower lip;
two reddish bruises 3 cm. by 7 cm. found
on the lower part of the right hand having
no definite shape; a reddish bruise with no
definite shape found on the middle of right
knee 2 cm. by 8 cm.; a reddish bruise with
no definite shape found on the upper part
of the right thigh extending to the bottom
right of the abdomen, to the line dividing
the abdomen, including the whole pubic
area with dimensions of 30 cm. by 50 cm.;
and reddish bruises with definite shape
spread over the middle, left and right side
of the chest, with the smallest of these
bruises 1 cm. by 2 cm. and the biggest of
these bruise 3 cm. by 5 cm. In dimension.
In addition, the corpse contains a reddish
bruise with definite shape found on the
middle of the neck opposite to thyroid
cartilage 4 cm. by 1 cm. and other reddish
bruises on both sides of the line dividing
the neck that each have the dimensions of
2 cm. by 1 cm. There is also severe swelling
with reddish bruise found on the middle
of the penis extending till the head of the
penis with dimensions of about 2 cm. by 7
cm., reddish bruises with severe swelling on
both sides of scrotum, along with apparent
and tangible swelling in the testicles. There
are reddish bruises with no definite shape
spread on the left upper arm and forearm,
the smallest bruise is 3 cm. by 1 cm. and
the largest bruise is 5 cm. by 7 cm. There
is an excoriated bruise covered by reddish
skin found on the middle of the left knee
10 cm. by 5 cm. and another similar bruise
found on the line dividing the back that is 3
cm. by 1 cm.
Upon inspection of the soft issues and
muscles of the face and neck, it has be-
come clear that there has been a significant
collapse of the soft issues and muscles of
both sides of the neck and soft tissues of
the face, in addition to fracture of the nasal
bone and the right hyoid bone surrounded
by bloody lacerations. The inspection indi-
cated also that other facial bones, cervical
vertebrae and laryngeal cartilages are free
of fractures and that the wall of esophagus
and trachea is intact and the cavity thereof
free of foreign objects.
Having inspected the soft issues and chest
muscles, it has become clear that there a
significant collapse of the muscles of the
right and left side of the chest along with
the visual bruises, in addition to the exis-
tence of fractures of the chest ribs on the
right side.
It is worth mentioning that the court has
sentenced these National Security officers
to five years.
The grounds of judgment must be noted as
they have special significance of how mat-
ters are managed in Egypt.
II.Grounds of Judgment:
sThe court has confirmed in the grounds of
its judgment that the facts of the lawsuit,
as per the submitted documents and conduct-
ed inquiries, can be summed up that the
victim, Karim Hamdi Muhammad Ibrahim,
the accused in felony No. 3763 of 2015,
was present in Mataria Police station at
dawn of February 23, 2015, and summoned
before the public prosecutor that morning
as per the investigations conducted by the
National Security Sector. After the victim
returned to Mataria Police station, the two
accused officers named Omar Mahmoud
Omar Hammad and Muhammad Al Anwar
Muhammaden Ahmad Muhammaden (of-

22. 21info@ecrfeg.org
Harvest 2015
ficers at the National Security Sector) had
interrogated the victim in one of investiga-
tion rooms while blindfolded, handcuffed
and alone. The above named officers beat
the victim with their hands and feet on dif-
ferent parts of his body intending to injure
him with the aim of forcing the victim to ad-
mit and reveal the names of other accused
persons. This assault claimed the life of the
victim due to the different traumatic and
critical injuries found on the chest, abdo-
men and neck, in addition to the fractures
of chest ribs, damage of lungs, bruising of
heart, kidney, and scrotum along with the
associated hemorrhage in the cavities of
the chest, abdomen and testicles which re-
sulted in the victim's exposure to shock as
indicated in the autopsy report.
The court has concluded that according to
the above facts and grounds, it becomes
clear that the accused officers have commit-
ted the accusation directed thereto as per
the witness testimonies delivered by: Abdul
Ghani Ibrahim Shaaban; First Lieutenant Ah-
mad Muhammad Mahmoud Wahba; police
delegate Sami Muhammad Ismail; Captain
Karim Salah al-Din Buheri; Captain Moham-
med Al Maadawy; Brigadier General Mah-
moud Ahmad Abdullah Rabie; Lieutenant
Colonel Wael Metwali; Captain Hamdi Al
Saed Othman; Policeman Muhammad Za-
ref Hassan; and Major Ahmad Yahia Mah-
moud. Additional evidence was obtained
through the inspection conducted by the
public prosecutor of Mataria Police Station;
the Forensic Medical report; the Chemical
Labs's report; the investigations conducted
by the Mataria prosecutor in lawsuit No.
3763/ 2015 Concerning the Public Prosecu-
tor's interrogation of the accused, and the
witness testimony provided by the forensic
physician Hazem Hossam.
Abdul Ghani Ibrahim Shaabi, who is under-
going preventive detention in lawsuit No.
3763 of 2015 Mataria Criminal Prosecutor,
was interrogated by the public prosecution
and testified that he and the victim were
summoned before the public prosecution
after being arrested. After returning to the
police station, Mr. Abdul Ghani and the
victim were interrogated separately while
blindfolded and handcuffed by the officers.
While the officers were interrogating the
victim, the witness heard the victim's voice
moaning and saying ”Ok, Ok, I will admit.”
In the meantime, Officer Ahmad Yahia was
asleep and denied interrogating both the
victim and witness as he knew his voice
very well stating that the interrogation is
conducted by another officer. The witness
added that that he was assaulted by the
two officers who beat him with their hands
and feet and that after the end of interroga-
tion, he was taken by Major Hussein Khayri
to reveal the names of other accused per-
sons and returned to the Police Station at
about 4:00 AM February 24. The witness
stated that he was put in the room of crimi-
nal registration, at the station's department
of investigation, where he found the victim
exhausted and lying on the floor saying, "I
feel cold." In the morning while they were
preparing to be summoned before the pub-
lic prosecutor, the victim's condition wors-
ened and he fell down. The policemen pres-
ent took the victim to the hospital, where
he died.
2- Imad Al Attar
Imad Imad Ahmed Mohammed Al Attar, 42 years old, was a worker from Shoubra El Khay-
ma. He was arrested on January 30, 2015, was referred to the public prosecutor that
remanded him into custody, and was imprisoned until he died on February 25 in the Police
Department, where he was the second victim of Al-Mataria Police Department after the
death of Karim Hamdi, the twenty-seven year-old lawyer, on the same day.

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i.Forensic Report:
The forensic report showed the death of the victim was caused by electric shocking
of the scrotum, testicles, penis and left foot.
Dr. Elham Awad, responsible for the post-
mortem examination of the victim’s body,
confirmed that the victim, Imad Ahmed Mo-
hammed Al-Attar, 42 years old, was brutally
tortured by electrocution in sensitive places
on the body. However, the forensic report
did not condemn the security officers for
killing the victim. Nevertheless, the report
pointed out that the victim was tortured by
electrocution for several weeks and on var-
ious occasions since his arrest on January
30 until the date of his death on February
25. The report confirms that the victim was
tortured to death by security officers in the
Police Department.
c. Dr. Tareq Khalil
Tareq Khalil was a leader in the Muslim
Brotherhood in Suez. He was tortured to
death by the Egyptian State Security In-
vestigations Service at the Investigative
Bureau in Lazoghli Square, Cairo, on
June 19, 2015, according to the testimo-
ny of Islam Khalil, who was with him at
the same location. His family knows that
his body was found in the morgue at Ze-
inhom by way of an undisclosed person.
Dr. Tareq Khalil, a businessman with
several charitable activities, was killed
after torture by security forces after his
enforced disappearance three weeks pri-
or. He was subjected to enforced disap-
pearance when he was arrested while he
was transferring Dr. Mohammed Saad
Aliwa, a member of the guidance office
of the Muslim Brotherhood, to a hospital
in Cairo to help him.
d.Mustafa Ibrahim
According to the head of the Forensic
Medical Authority, Mustafa Ibrahim was
the third person who died in the Al-Ma-
taria Police Department during the same
week in which Karim Hamdi and Imad
Al-Attar died. Mustafa Mahmoud, 21
years old, was a student in the faculty of
Information Systems. He died on Febru-
ary 22, 2015. He was detained in a painful
position for eight hours, "hanging from
his shoulder," before being taken to the
hospital, where he died.
During November of 2015, the Egyptian
Coordination observed over the course of
less than a week four instances of exces-
sive violence by police against citizens in
the governorates of Luxor, Qaliubiya, Is-
mailia and October. These excesses were
representative of torture and humiliation,
and resulted in the death of three people.
e.Amr Said Abu Shanab
The family of Amr Said Abu Shanab ac-
cused the officers of Shebin Al-Qanatir
Police Department of torturing their son
to death. They based their accusations
on evidence of torture on the body of the
victim. The Ministry of Interior opened
an investigation into the incident. Family
members' statements were taken as well
as the accused, who included the assis-
tant detective in the Police Department.

24. 23info@ecrfeg.org
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A lawyer representing Amr Abu Shanab’s
family accused the officers of beating his
client with hoses and the butt of a rifle
during an interrogation regarding a case
of theft. Police officers fabricated a drug
case against the victim, and beat him se-
verely, resulting in the victim suffering se-
vere hemorrhage while in custody more
than once. Amr Abu Shanab continued
to ask for help but no one responded,
resulting in his death while in custody
after continued torture.
f-Dr. Afifi Hosni
In Ismailia, an officer of Ismailia First Po-
lice Department, stormed the pharmacy of
Mohammed Ibrahim and hit Dr. Afifi Hos-
ni, a veterinarian who was working as an
insured pharmacy assistant. Dr. Afifi Hosni
entered the pharmacy of Reem Ahmed,
Mohammed Ibrahim’s wife, and was fol-
lowed by the officer. The police officer then
took him to the Police Department and at-
tacked him again, resulting in his death.
g-Talaat Shabib
Talaat Shabib, 47 years old, died in Luxor
Police Department. Officers of the Luxor
Police Department arrested the victim
while he was in a café at Al- Awwamiyya,
and took him to the Police Department.
After an hour, his family was surprised by
the news of Talaat Shabib’s dead body to
Luxor International Hospital. There were
effects of torture on his body according
to a report issued by the hospital.
3-The Cold-blooded Murder of Medical Neglect in Prison
mad In Egypt, there are thousands of prisoners suffering from pain and disease amid deliberate
life-threatening medical neglect because of the abstention of the security sector to allow med-
icine and treatment for imprisoned patients. Patients are also not referred to specialist doctors
for medical examination, diagnosis, and treatment as we reported previously.
Deliberate medical neglect resulted in homicide of more than eighty-six (86) prisoners during
the past two years according to what has been monitored.
This is the tip of the iceberg of violations against political detainees and criminal prisoners in all
Egyptian prisons without exception, and especially Al-Aqrab, Wadi Natrun, Tora and Burj Al-Ar-
ab prisons. This is in addition to the central security camps which have become prisons without
any formal declaration. Police Departments too have become sites of mass incarceration in the
Arab Republic of Egypt.
In the context of these cases, we observed that the prison service under the authority of the
Ministry of Interior prevented medicines, treatment, and any form of health care for detainees
until they die. A former officer of Al-Aqrab prison, as one example, has stated exactly such, that
Al-Aqrab prison is "made to kill prisoners."
a.Examples of Medical Neglect
i. Khaled Mohammed Said
Khaled Mohammed Said, 48 years old,
died on 3/22/2015 while detained in pub-
lic prison of Beni Suef because of medical
neglect. He was suffering from cardiohep-
atomegaly stomach ulcer, and prison au-
thorities refused to allow for treatment or
transfer him to a hospital, resulting in his
death.
ii. Abdel Muti Ali Khalil
Abdel Muti Ali Khalil, 54 years old, died on 4/21/2015 inside Algharbiniat prison at

25. 24
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Borg El Arab. He was suffering from diabe-
tes, high blood pressure and hepatitis C.
The treatment was prevented, resulting in
his death.
iii-Farid Ismail Abdel Halim
Farid Ismail Abdel Halim, 58 years old, was
a pharmacist and a member of the former
parliament. He died on 5/132015 inside
Manial University Hospital (Qasr Al-Aini).
He was detained at Tora maximum-security
prison (Al-Aqrab- “The Scorpion”). He died
due to medical neglect, where treatment
was prevented for a year and a half. He was
suffering from liver disease and diabetes.
He suffered a complete coma because of
a clot in the brain and the disruption of
the functions of his liver, two weeks before
his death. The prison authority refused his
treatment, resulting in his death.
iv- Essam Derbala
Essam Derbala, the head of the Shura Council of
the Islamic Community (Aljama'a al Islamia), 58
years old, died 8/9/2015 while being transferred
from his cell in Aqrab prison to the hospi-
tal. According to a statement released by
the Ministry of Interior, Derbala was
suffering from a high temperature, low
blood pressure, and a high blood sugar.
While being transferred to the hospital
for medical care, he bled from his nose
and suffered circulatory and respiratory
collapse, resulting in his death.
v-Ahmed Mohamed Abdulhameed Ablulnaga
Ahmed Mohamed Abdulhameed Ablulna-
ga, who was serving a four year sentence
in Wadi Alnatrun prison, was reportedly
suffering from liver disease. After re-
peatedly asking for help, he was trans-
ferred to the Liver Medical Institute, and
while returning back to the prison, he
passed away.
vi-Essam Samir
Essam Samir, who was from "Tant Aljazeera"
village in Toukh- Qaliobya governorate, died
due to the medical negligence he faced in-
side the prison, as well as the torture he suf-
fered at the hands of the security forces. He
was detained, though he had recently had a
splenectomy surgery. He also suffered from
cirrhosis of the liver as well as heart dis-
ease. He was charged of possessing explo-
sive materials, though these materials were
"nitrate and urea," which are used as com-
mon fertilizers. According to eyewitnesses,
Essam Samir had received these fertilizers
from the agricultural association in Toukh.
His lawyer said that he was attending the
trial sessions by being carried by his fellow
detainees, due to his health condition. The
courts refused to acknowledge his medical
reports until he passed away.
vii-Mohamed Alfilahdji
Mohamed Alfilahdji, 58 years old, was arrest-
ed in August 26, 2013, from his workplace
in Damietta educational directorate. He was
transferred to Tanta hospital. Tests showed
that he suffered from stones in his left kid-
ney and inflammation of the gall bladder. He
passed away the morning of 5/25/2015 due
to lack of necessary medical care and the in-
transigence of the prison administration to
allow the entry of medicine.
It was also noted that Aqrab prison is on the
top of detention facilities where deaths oc-
curred, then the New Vally prison, Burj Al
Arab, Gamasa prisons. According to reports,
there were 28 deaths in Al Aqrab, 23 deaths
in Toura, 12 in Mansoura public prison, 11 in
Meet Slel, 6 in Burj Al Arab, 10 in the New
Vally, 5 in Gamasa, 4 in Menia, and 4 in Abu
Zaabal. (77 medical negligence + 20 tor-
ture).

26. 25info@ecrfeg.org
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4-Murdering demonstrators
The Egyptian Coordination documented the murder of more than fifty (50) demonstra-
tors during 2015. Twenty (20) people were killed, including a policeman, and dozens
were wounded when Egyptian troops were intercepting demonstrations in Cairo, Behi-
ra and Alexandria governorates. These twenty were killed in demonstrations in several
Egyptian governorates commemorating the fourth anniversary of the January 25th rev-
olution. The activist Shimaa Al Sabagh was one of them. Six Egyptians were also killed
after Eid Al Fitr prayer. The commemoration of the fourth anniversary of the January
25th revolution in Mataria province in Cairo witnessed violent clashes between demon-
strators and security forces that led to the security forces assaulting the demonstrators.
As a result, twelve (12) were killed, including a child, as well as dozens of injured. Inves-
tigations and forensic reports revealed that they died as a result of a gunshots in the
face, chest, head and abdomen; according to human rights specialists, this constitutes
premeditated murder. Many others were killed in separate events.
a-Shimaa Al Sabagh and Sondus Abu Bakr: Two Victims of the Same Assassin
The killings of demonstrators began with
Sondus Abu Bakr, a 17 year-old girl at the
time. She died out of a gunshot to the
head and neck by security forces during
the dispersal of demonstrations denounc-
ing the regime in 1/23/2015 in Alexandria.
A media blackout followed Sondus’ execu-
tion, as is usual when protesters are killed.
The next day, 1/24/2015, during the cel-
ebration of the fourth anniversary of the
January 25th revolution, Shimaa Al Sa-
bagh, a member of the Socialist Party,
faced the same fate. She was shot from
close-range by cartridges causing her
death, in a scene that was filmed. Her pic-
ture while bleeding raised a controversy
and dissent. The Ministry of Interior de-
nied at first that the assassin was one of
its members, and accused Zuhdy Alshamy,
the deputy chairman of the Socialist Party.
But the forensic report later proved that
the murder occurred as a result of the
cartridge gunshot by special police forces.
Yassin Mohamed Hatem, the accused po-
lice officer, was sentenced to 15 years in
prison.
b-Hussam Alaqabawy
AHassam was a first year student in the fac-
ulty of law at Cairo University, 19 years old.
He was dressed in a white robe, leaving his
house to perform Eid Al Fitr prayer in Na-
hia village at "Eissa shehata" mosque in the
village that's in Kerdasa territory. After the
prayer he had a selfie picture with his friends
before participating in the demonstrations.
He died due to cartridge gunshots in his neck
after the security forces attacked the demon-
strations.

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5- Physical Liquidation
Since the beginning of 2015, the Egyptian
security authorities began to pursue a se-
rious approach violating all constitutions
and charters of human rights as the ruling
regime in Egypt resorted to field physical
liquidation against its opponents in a new
way that is similar to the ways followed by
criminal gangs. What is worse is that the
state official authorities did not hesitate
to use the expression of "liquidation" as
ninety-eight (98) cases of physical liquida-
tion were documented, whether by open-
ing live fire upon arrest or throwing oppo-
nents from the balconies of their houses.
a-Examples of Liquidation
i-The first cases of liquidation occurred on
the fourth anniversary of the January 25
Revolution while arresting Maqtal Omar
Shaalan and Raed Saad in Buhaira Gov-
ernorate, and Hamdi Al Hendi in Hamdi
Damietta Governorate declaring that the
above named persons were involved in
terrorist attacks. The same thing repeated

28. 27info@ecrfeg.org
Harvest 2015
on the next day, January 26, as Bilal Osa-
ma Al Arabi was murdered in Port Said.
ii-In March, Sayed Shaarawy was killed in
Nahia. Ahmad Gabr was killed in Alexan-
dria, and Sohayb Abdul Karim and Jihad
Abu Alroos were killed in Al Sharqiya Gov-
ernorate. In addition, Hosam Badr Mar-
zouk, Mohsen Muhammad Attia, Hanfi
Abdul Azim, and Reda Abdul Salam Mu-
hammad were killed in Beni Suef Gover-
norate on April 28. Islam Attila and two
others were killed in Helwan in May.
iii- On June 30, Muhammad Sami, Kha-
lid Mahmoud, and Muhammad Al Sebae
were killed by bombing one of their cars
after they were arrested in a demonstra-
tion in October 6 City.
iv-In July, 2015, another incident oc-
curred in an apartment in October 6 City.
The police killed nine leaders of the Mus-
lim Brotherhood, who were members of
the committee dedicated to providing
relief to families of the ill, incarcerated,
and deceased, according to their families.
The Ministry of Interior stated that they
opened fired on its forces, but the Muslim
Brotherhood confirmed that they were
unarmed and that they were killed in cold
blood after they were taken into custody
and fingerprinted.
The above accident occurred on Wednes-
day, July 1, 2015, in an apartment in Oc-
tober 6 City. The leaders of the Muslim
Brotherhood had met to discuss their
charity work.
The committee's members were unarmed
and traces of ink were found on their fin-
gers after they were killed, which means
that they were put in custody and their
fingerprints were taken by security forces
before their liquidation.
The nine members were killed in cold
blood in the apartment without facing
any accusations or putting them before
trial. The authorities planted machine
guns beside the members' corpses to in-
dicate that they were killed after attacking
security forces with automatic weapons.
The nine victims were: Jamal Khalifa, an
official of the Muslim Brotherhood's ad-
ministrative office in Menoufia Governor-
ate; Abdul Fatah Muhammad Ibrahim,
an official of the committee to support
the families of the martyrs and injured;
Nasser Al Hafi, a previous member of the
Egyptian parliament; Taher Ahmad Ismail,
an official of the Legal Committee and an
official of the Muslim Brotherhood's of-
fice in Qalubia Governorate; Hesham Zaki
Khafagi, Osama Ahmad Al Husseini, Hes-
ham Wadh, Moatasem Ahmad Al Egeezi,
Khalid Mahmoud, Muhammad Al Sebae,
Muhammad Sami and Gomaa Abu Al Azm.
v- On July 5, Muhammad Abdul Aati Al
Feky, of Meleg Village in Menoufia Gover-
norate, was killed at the hands of security
forces during arrest.
vi- On August 6, Nagdi Basiouni of Ayat
City, Giza Governorate, was killed at the
hand of security forces as they broke into
his home at dawn and killed him without
resistance.
vii- In Fayoum Governorate, the security
forces killed five political opponents. The
Ministry of Interior claimed that the vic-
tims were accused of killing a child named
Jessy, the daughter of Major Sheref Sami,
an officer in the Deportation Department
of the Fayoum prosecutor’s office. The vic-
tims were: Rabie Morad, a teacher; Abdul
Nasser Elwani, an accountant; Abdul Aziz
Heba, a teacher; Abdul Salam Hateta, a

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teacher; and Ayman Salah, a teacher. The
victims were all friends from Fayoum.
When they were meeting in a home, the
security forces broke into the house and
killed them.
viii- Security forces have also killed nine (9)
people in a security crackdown in Oseem
City, Giza Governorate, without declaring
their names. The Giza Security Director-
ate claimed that the victims were found
on cultivated land planning to attack the
army and Giza Police, and that both par-
ties opened fire on each other.
ix-Four young men were killed in an apart-
ment located in Agmi City on Wednesday,
September 30. A statement released by
the Ministry of Interior indicated that the
four men were members of the Muslim
Brotherhood, and they were involved in
the murder of the Rabie Muhammad As-
four, a policeman. The persons accused of
killing the above-named policeman were
currently detained after they were arrest-
ed several months previous.
Eyewitnesses stated that the four victims
were from Al Dalangat City, Buhaira Gov-
ernorate. While they were in an apart-
ment in Al Ajmi City, the security forces
organized a security cordon around the
building. The security forces then broke
into the apartment, and the sound of fir-
ing live ammunition was heard an hour
and a half after the break-in. The security
forces then took the victims' corpses with
them.
x-The Murder of Mexican Tourists
In September of 2015, the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs declared that two
Mexicans were killed while six more were injured during a trip to Egypt. The in-
jured, following a meeting with Jorge Alvarez Fuentes, the head of the Mexican
mission to Egypt, said that they had stopped for a meal in Bahariya Oasis when they
were targeted and then attacked by airplanes and helicopters.
The Egyptian Ministry of Interior declared
that twelve persons were killed and ten
were injured “by mistake,” among whom
were Mexican tourists, in the Western
Desert. The Mexican president, Enrique
Peña Nieto, condemned the incident de-
manding a thorough investigation be con-
ducted by Egyptian authorities.
A statement by the Ministry of Interior
said, “A joint police and army force were
chasing terrorist elements in the West-
ern Desert area of Al-Wahat and they
engaged by mistake with four four-wheel
drives belonging to Mexican tourists who
were present in a restricted area.”
The statement added that “the incident re-
sulted in the death of twelve people and the
injury of ten Mexican and Egyptian citizens.
The injured were moved to hospitals for
treatment. A team was put together to inves-
tigate the reasons and circumstances of the
incident, and justifications for the Mexican
convoy’s presence in the restricted area.”
As usual, no actual investigations were con-
ducted, no transparent statements were de-
livered, and no deterring sanctions were im-
posed.

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Harvest 2015
The Sectarian Killing of Twenty-one People
In February of 2015, ISIS broadcast a vid-
eo showing the slaughter of Christian
Egyptians. The video showed ISIS person-
nel treating the prisoners in a humiliating
way as they dragged them one by one.The
video showed seawater dyed blood red in
propaganda that is not unexpected from
the organization.
On that day, the National Council for
Security held a meeting to discuss the
execution of the hostages. The meet-
ing decided to stay held to keep up
with developments, and then issued a
eulogy for the executed hostages. Offi-
cial mourning was declared for seven
days and then there was nothing fur-
ther.
6-The Sectarian Killing of Twenty-one People
In February of 2015, ISIS broadcast a vid-
eo showing the slaughter of Christian
Egyptians. The video showed ISIS person-
nel treating the prisoners in a humiliating
way as they dragged them one by one.The
video showed seawater dyed blood red in
propaganda that is not unexpected from
the organization.
On that day, the National Council for Se-
curity held a meeting to discuss the ex-
ecution of the hostages. The meeting
decided to stay held to keep up with de-
velopments, and then issued a eulogy for
the executed hostages. Official mourning
was declared for seven days and then
there was nothing further.

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Alexandria, Maghagha or Alawar villages, are as follows
The families of the victims blamed the Egyptian authorities for not
acting properly to recover their imprisoned relatives.
According to a statement by St. Paul Halim, the Spokesman for the Cop-
tic Orthodox Church, the names of the victims are:
Majed Suleiman Shehata
Twadharos Joseph Twadharos
Joseph Shoukry Younan
Mina Fayez Aziz
Hani Abdel Massieh Saleeb
Melad McCain Zaki
Stephen Bishoy Kamel
Cyril Bushra Fawzy
Samuel Stephen Kamel
Abanoub Ayad Attia
Malak Ibrahim Senyot
George Melad Senyot
Samuel Alham walsn
Sobi village, Samalout:
Malak Farah Ibrahim
Jabali village, Matai:
Luke Nagat Al Amir
Essam Badar
Semsmom village, Matai:
Samir Gerges
Menkerios village, Matai:
Sameh Salah Shaukat
Dysh village, Samalout:
Ezzat Bushra Nassif
Menbal village Matai:
Mir Jaber

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The Egyptian Coordination has determined that the phenomenon of the enforced dis-
appearances in Egypt is not a transient phenomenon, but it is a methodology adhered
to by the security authorities. The Egyptian security authorities conduct enforced dis-
appearances in order to put pressure on political opponents in some cases and also to
hide the fact that torture has become common and routine, in many cases resulting
in homicide.
The Egyptian Coordination of Rights and Freedoms expresses serious concerns re-
garding the tragic deterioration of human rights in Egyptian. It is a cruel, unjust, and
inexcusable condition in Egypt where hundreds of people are subjected to enforced
disappearance every month in every governorate of the Republic, without exception,
and without the knowledge of their fate. Enforced disappearance is classified under
international law as a crime against humanity
The Egyptian Regime’s Crime Against Humanity
Second Topic
1-Statistics on Enforced Disappearance
1-The Egyptian Coordination documented
the enforced disappearance of one thou-
sand eight hundred and forty (1,840) Egyp-
tian citizens from January of 2015 through
the end of December at a growing rate
through the year. Of all of the people who
were subjected to enforced disappear-
ance, one thousand two hundred and thir-
ty-eight (1,238) cases were resolved- these
individuals were found. These people were
missing between forty-eight hours and
one-hundred and fifty days. There are still
three hundred and sixty-six (366) missing
persons who certainly have not faced pros-
ecution; and two-hundred and thirty-six
cases (236) missing persons who may have

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faced prosecution, or they may still be
missing.
In January of 2015 forty-four (44) Egyptian
citizens were subjected to enforced disap-
pearance. The number increased to nine-
ty-one (91) in February. In March, the Co-
ordination documented one-hundred and
sixty (160) cases of enforced disappear-
ance, and in April the Coordination doc-
umented two-hundred and twenty-eight
(228). The rates of enforced disappear-
ances continued to grow at an alarming
rate, as three-hundred and ninety-three
(393) people were subjected to enforced
disappearance in May. In June, there were
two-hundred and seventy-eight (278) peo-
ple disappeared.
In July of 2015 the Coordination document-
ed one-hundred and three (103) cases of
enforced disappearance. In August, the Co-
ordination documented one-hundred and
three (103) cases, and in September the
Coordination monitored eighty (80) cases
of enforced disappearance. The Coordina-
tion documented ninety-two (92) cases in
October, one-hundred and eighteen (118)
cases in November, and one-hundred and
fifty (150) cases in December.
month 11 Cases of enforced disappearances during the
Governorate Cases of enforced disappearances
month 11 during the
Al-Gharbia 430
Cairo 265
Al-Behira 98
Giza 204
Al-Sharqia 104
Kafr el-Sheikh 80
Alexandria 120
Bani Sweif 70
Al-Dakahlia 84
Port Said 42
Al-Qaliobia 57
Al-Menoufia 44
Damietta 39
Al-Fayoum 47
Sohag 20
Assuit 26
Suez 21
Qena 17
Al-Menia 19
North of Sinai 1
Aswan 11
Ismalia 6
Luxor 9
South of Sinai 1

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2- Violations Related to Enforced Disappearance
Enforced disappearance is a violation
in itself of an individual’s right to lib-
erty and due process. It is also a crime
against humanity, and such a heinous
crime that there is no statute of lim-
itations for the prosecution of perpe-
trators of enforced disappearance. Ac-
cording to testimonies provided to the
Coordination from the witnesses of dis-
appeared persons and their families, it
enforced disappearance is usually asso-
ciated with two other crimes:
a-Secret Detention Centers and Prisons
The secret detention centers of Egypt
are places that have not been estab-
lished in public and officially, and are
not subject to the supervision of judicial
bodies as stipulated in the law and the
Constitution. One example of the se-
cret detention centers are the military
prisons which are considered as subsid-
iaries of the armed forces, such as the
infamous Al Galaa camp at Al Azouly
prison, which in December of 2015 re-
leased about one hundred citizens who
had been enforced disappeared inside it
over the past two and a half years. These
people were mostly from the governor-
ates of Sinai.
b-Torture
Torture is the most heinous crime related
to enforced disappearance. Security forces
interrogate suspects regarding crimes they
did not commit in order to force confes-
sions. Torture as a means of interrogation
and forced confessions violate all articles
of the law, and all charters and covenants
of human rights.
The Coordination has obtained witness
testimony of the families of the detainees
who were imprisoned in Al Azouly pris-
on. The people detained were victims of
enforced disappearance, and when they
were later released, they narrated what
happened. The Coordination stresses the
difficulty in mentioning the names of the
victims of enforced disappearance and tor-
ture due to security concerns.
A relative of one of the detainees said that
when her relative was taken to Al Azouly
prison, he felt taken from humanity. His
clothes were stripped off, and he was
dumped into water and electrocuted all
over his body. He was exposed to electro-
cution for many consecutive days. He was
also beaten until he suffered hemiplegia as
a result of the beating and electrocution.
The security forces continued to torture
him even after he had suffered paralysis.
TheprisonersinAlAzoulycouldonlydream
of bathing, or changing their clothes.
The wife of another detainee said: "When
my husband was detained at Al Azouly
prison, we did not know anything about
him and we could not see him or visit
him there, not once. He was completely
stripped of his clothes and he was electro-
cuted, beaten, insulted, and humiliated.
He was strung up and hanged from one
of his arms or one of his feet for days. An-
other means of torture was the prevention
of sleep for several days. He suffered from
scabies and many other diseases while in
Al Azouly prison.
“We were also refused permission to give
my husband food. My husband was so
weak there, he was unable to stand on his
own two feet. There is no ventilation in the
prison, and the detainees can’t even see
the sun. They disregard all life and human-
ity inside of Al Azouly prison.”

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Witness Testimony of Families: Those Remaining Missing
a-Mohammed Khader
The Egyptian Coordination gathered
the witness testimony of the mother
of Mohammed Khader, a victim of en-
forced disappearance. She said, “My
son, Mohammed, is a student in his fi-
nal year in the faculty of engineering
at the University of Menoufia. He was
enforced disappeared on the day of the
dispersal of the sit-in in Rabaa Square,
August 14, 2013. We searched for him
there and in al Eman mosque, but we
could not find him. The last time we
communicated with him was on August
14th at 7 AM. He told his father that the
Egyptian Armed Forces fired on dem-
onstrators with live ammunition, and
they had nothing to protect themselves.
Mohammed’s phone was turned off,
but then it was turned on daily at eight
o’clock. The individual who answered
the phone said that he found the SIM
card in Rabaa Square, and then he hung
up. We could not find his body among
the [hundreds of] corpses and we did
not find him at any of the hospitals,
police stations, or prisons. We went to
[Cairo’s central] Zeinhom morgue and
conducted a DNA test. The result was
negative for all the corpses there. We
submitted a report to the Attorney Gen-
eral and we wrote a record of his disap-
pearance, but the security forces said
that they did not have any information
about him. Some of his friends told us
that they saw him get hit with a bullet
in Rabaa Square, and then the security
forces threw a lot of tear gas, and they
could not find his body after that. Up
until now we do not have any informa-
tion about the location of our son, and
we do not know anything about him.
It’s been two and a half years, and we
do not know whether our son is alive or
dead.
b -Mohammed Al Bady Ramadan, Walid Al Bady, and Ali Hassab Allah Ahmed
Mohammed Al Bady Ramadan is a thir-
ty-eight year old, married with five chil-
dren. He does not have any political af-
filiation. He remains missing.
Walid Al Bady is thirty-two years old.
He is married and has two children. He
remains missing since July 15, 2015.
Ali Hassab Allah Ahmed is twenty-eight
years old. He remains missing since July
15, 2015.
The brother of Mohammed Al Bady,
Walid Al Bady, and Ali Hassab Allah
Ahmed told the Egyptian Coordination,
“the three were detained by individuals
wearing civilian clothes. The individuals
came in a white microbus with an inves-
tigation officer to arrest them, and since
then we do not know anything about
them. We submitted reports to the At-
torney General and to the Office of the
Presidency, but we did not receive any
response.”

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a-Anas Magdy Azzam and Azzam Magdy Azzam
Anas Magdy Azzam is a graduate of
the physical education faculty at Banha.
Azzam Magdy Azzam is a civil engineer
who graduated from the Higher Insti-
tute of Technology in Kafr al Sheikh.
The father of Anas and Azzam Magdy
Azzam said: “False charges were issued
against my two sons such as making
molotov cocktails and planting bombs.
ThesecurityforcesfromShebinelKoam
came and inspected our home. They did
not find anything like kind of weapons.
They just took our laptop computers
and five telephones. Then they detained
my sons for forty-five days, and then re-
leased them on bail. Fifteen days after
their release, my sons went to the re-
sort where they were detained from the
apartment in Alexandria on Septem-
ber 13, 2015. I was also detained on the
same day at one o’clock in the morning.
I was then released two days later and I
returned home, but my two sons were
still detained. They were presented to
the prosecutor of Shebin on November
11, 2015, fifty-four days after their en-
forced disappearance. They were nev-
er before any investigation authority.
We sent a memoranda to the Attorney
General in Alexandria and Al Menou-
fia, and we sent a telegraph to the State
Attorney General and to the Minister of
Interior. There was no serious response
and there were no legal procedures for
the detention of my sons.
“We were surprised by the memoran-
dum of the Ministry of Interior regard-
ing their detention, which states that
they were detained one day before the
real date of their detention, 11/6/2015.
“My sons were presented to the prose-
cution in their summer clothes, which
they had been wearing since they were
detained in September. So they were
not able to take a shower and put on a
fresh set of clothes for two months, into
November, the coldest month in Egypt.
“We tried to ascertain the details of
what happened over those two months.
We know that they were taken from
Alexandria to the Investigative Bureau
in Lazoghli Square, Cairo. They were
blindfolded there for fifty-two days with
a large group of young people. They did
not have enough food. They only had
one small meal, which is not enough for
a young child to make him survive. My
sons lost about three-quarters of their
weight at the Investigative Bureau in
Lazoghli Square.
“[My sons] were exposed to various
types of torture: electrocution, beat-
ings, humiliation, and insults. They
were then deported to Shibin, and they
were accused of the following charges:
- Joining the Muslim Brotherhood
group
- Spreading the thoughts of the group, fi-
nancing the group, and managing web-
sites that belong to the group. There is
c- Sami Mohammed Abbas al Hiti
The wife of Samir Mohammed Abbas al
Hiti provided witness testimony to the
Egyptian Coordination. Samir al Hiti is
a married forty-three year old from Al
Gharbia. She said that he has been missing
since January 9, 2015. She said, “We have
four children, and the fourth child has nev-
er seen her father. He was taken from the
street after a funeral in the village. Since
then, we don’t know anything about him.”
4- Witness Testimony: Those Who Have Been Found

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no evidence against them. The prosecu-
tion refused to give a copy of the investi-
gations to the lawyer or to the family of
the detainee. My sons were threatened
and forced to confess."
b- Mohammed Abdel Azim
Mohammed Abdel Azim is 25 years old.
His mother told us that, "he was de-
tained and disappeared on September 6,
2015, and was imprisoned in the Investi-
gative Bureau in Lazoghli Square, Cairo,
for sixty-four days. Then he was deport-
ed to the National Security building of
Shebin el-Kom in Tanta.
There he was presented to the prosecu-
tion, and it renewed his detention for
another fifteen days. Mohammed was
detained a state security building in
Nasr City and routinely taken to the In-
vestigative Bureau in Lazoghli Square.
He was blindfolded and electrocuted for
three days in order to force a confession
from him to a crime he did not commit.
Mohammed has no political affiliation.
He was accused of attempting to over-
throw the government, and belonging to
a terrorist group. A telegram was sent to
the Attorney General regarding his dis-
appearance, but the police forces at the
police station of Al-Tahrir refused to
write a record of his disappearance.
“When he was deported to Shebin el-
Kom after sixty-four days, he said that
he was detained before he was presented
to the prosecution by only one day. This
is a lie."
2- Detained Indefinitely: Cases When the State Has Neither Prosecuted Nor
Sentenced the Detained
a-On October 14, 2015, the Egyptian
newspaper “Al Shrouk,” quoting from
the Middle East News Agency, published
statements of the Assistant General of the
Ministry of Interior denying the occur-
rence of any enforced disappearances. A

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number of human rights authorities and
lawyers responded in a joint statement,
confirming that they had filed official
reports on behalf of the disappeared to
the judiciary and the public prosecutor.
There are detailed lists of these reports.
Because the judiciary and the public
prosecutor refused to investigate these
reports, those human rights authorities
and lawyers sued them in the Court of
Higher Appeals in Cairo, demanding
their resignation for not doing the re-
quired investigations of the complaints
which were submitted by the families
regarding the enforced disappearance of
their children. , and between these cases,
the case of adversarial, which registered
with theno. 16, 17, 18 and 19 for the year
232 judiciallyin addition to another ap-
peal which still perspective in front of the
Court of Cassation.
We, as the consortium of human rights
advocates in Egypt, also resorted to the
Administrative Court to prove the fact
of enforced disappearances, which the
College of Commissioners issued many
reports about it to emphasize the respon-
sibility of the state to disclose the fate of
these people and these cases which is-
sued the reports are the cases with the
no. 24 468 for the year 69 judicial-
lyand with the no. 24 465 for the year 6 9
judiciallyand with the no. 24 469 for the
year 69 judicially.
The case of the enforced disappearanc-
es in Egypt is still an open wound, and
an open case that will not be closed until
the Egyptian State reveals the fate of the
victims of the enforced disappearance to
their families, and to the Egyptian public.

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Third Topic
The Human Rights Committee of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner
has consistently worked to prevent the crime of torture through international conven-
tions. Whereas the Egyptian State is a signatory of the Convention Against Torture,
adopted by the United Nations in 1984, the Egyptian authorities are committed under
international law to upholding the content of the convention. The Egyptian Coalition
has documented the routine, daily violation of the Convention Against Torture by the
Egyptian State authorities.
The Egyptian Coordination has monitored the growing rates of torture within the pris-
ons and police departments of Egypt over the past year. There is not a single detainee
who, because he or she expressed his opinion, demonstrated, or even raised suspi-
cion, has not been subjected to systematic torture in one way or another. What is
worse than this, it was not only the detained who were subjected to torture, but we
have documented instances in which their relatives were subjected to torture as well.
Authorities torture family members to exert psychological pressure on detainees, or
to force their families to divulge information or data about their relatives with no legal
justification.
This report highlights cases of systemic torture by police and army officers against cit-
izens at police stations, prisons, campsites, and all police facilities. In 2015, the Egyp-
tian Coordination documented a total of eight-hundred and seventy-six (876) cases of
torture; the Coordination verified more than three-hundred and fifty-nine (359) of
these cases through evidence and testimony provided by victims and their families.
A Crime With No Statute of Limitation
Torture

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Our documentation proves that the security authorities of Egypt regime of torture
affects people of all walks of life in Egypt, and is not limited to any particular political
affiliIation or organization. The security authorities have even tortured women and
children inside Egyptian detention centers.
The occupations of some of the victims of torture in Egypt in 2015 are as follows:
Managing Director: 1 cases
University professors: 3 cases
Lawyers: 3 cases
Engineers: 8 cases
Professionals: 8 cases
Journalists: 5 cases
Doctors: 5 cases
Teachers: 6 cases
Pharmacists: 2 cases
Accountants: 5 cases
Laborers: 8 cases
Entrepreneurs: 46 cases
Trade workers: 2 cases
University graduates: 8 cases
Instances of torture in Egypt in 2015 are distributed as
Governorate Cases of Torture
Al Dakhalia 54 cases
Aswan 45 cases
Sharkia 41 cases
Cairo 35 cases
Giza 45 cases
Alexandria 25 cases
Damietta 19 cases
Port Said 17 cases
Qalubia 14 cases
Gharbia 10 cases
Fayoum 10 cases
Minya 10 cases
Buhaira 7 cases
Qena 4 cases
Assiut 3 cases
Bani Suef 2 cases
Suez 2 cases
Other governorates 18 cases

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Girls: 23 cases
Children: 17 cases
University students: 88 cases
Detainees are torture at one of three stages:
The First Stage:
During the arrest of the detainee, wheth-
er in the street or at home, the victim was
beaten by the handle or the butt of a rifle,
insulted, cursed, and mistreated. Every-
one who was arrested in Egypt was sub-
jected to this cruel and violent form of
torture, and so, in 2015, 23,750 detainees
were tortured in this way.
Two cases were documented in which the
police officers threw the suspect from the
balcony of his house to the ground, re-
sulting in broken bones all over his body.
The Second Stage:
When the police suspect was taken to the police station or a security agency, the
police tortured them in the worst ways:
1-Beating him on different parts of his body:
The policemen and the officers assault
the detainee by punching him or by using
some means to hurt him such as sticks
and pieces of iron. There were one hun-
dred (100) documented detainees sub-
jected to this.
2-Electrocution:
The detainee is shocked by electricity in
different places of his body and his pri-
vate parts in particular, to force him to
confess things he did not commit. There
are sixty-three (63) documented cases of
detainees were subjected to this.
3-Hanging by the limbs:
the detainee is hung from his arm or his
feet, leaving him in this position from
twelve hours to many days. This torture
results in shoulder dislocation accom-
panied by severe pain in the shoulder
and feet. Approximately 20% of the vic-
tims of torture were subjected to this
form of torture.

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4-Hands and feet tied:
the detainee's hands and feet are tied
from the back, and security forces
leave him tied up to a chair for long
periods of time, resulting in damage
to the ligaments of the hands and feet
and intolerable pain. Ten percent of
the victims of torture were subjected
to this.
5-Scalding the detainee's limbs and face in hot water:
seven percent of the victims of torture
had their face and limbs burned with
scalding hot water.
The torture conducted by the Egyptian
security agencies while detainees are held
in processing has caused a great deal of
pain to detainees. These actions are crimes
committed by the security forces against
the detainees, causing laceration in var-
ious ligaments in the body, atrophy, and
bruises all over the body, as well as deep
and superficial wounds. The detainees’
shoulders are also dislocated as a result of
the torture.
The cruelest thing about all of this is that
thepublicprosecutionwitnessestheseacts,
seeing the detainee during processing, and
chooses to ignore these crimes rather than
investigate and prosecute. This means the
public prosecutor an accomplice in the
commission of the crime of torture, and
promotes its spread. The public prosecu-
tor in Egypt represents the narrative of the
security agencies to the public. Thus, there
can be no guarantee of the rule of law and
good governance if the public prosecutor
ignores facts presented before them, or if
they lie and distort the truth. By allowing
detainees to be routinely subjecting to tor-
ture, the public prosecutor is ignoring the
legal and constitutional texts and rights
guaranteed to Egyptian citizens by law.
The Third Stage:
The stage of putting the detainee in pris-
on pursuing to the public prosecution’s
sentencing. Once the detainee arrives in
the prison, he is assaulted by the police
officers of the prison using their hands,
sticks, hoses and whips. This assault is
called the Al Tashrifa (Torture Party).
The routine assault is the first of many
sessions of torture inside the prison, in-
cluding criminal neglect and depriva-
tion. One hundred percent of the cases
were subjected to Al Tashrifa.
1-Instances and Examples
We have received complaints from detainees' relatives stating that there are 359
detainees were assaulted since the beginning of 2015, according to documenta-
tion. This number does not reflect the true number of cases of torture in Egypt,
and only reflects the number of complaints received by the Egyptian Coordination
of Rights and Freedoms.
We will present here some of the instances of systematic torture inside the deten-
tion facilities as examples of violations which occurred against the detainees in
the detention facilities in Egypt.
a-Mostafa Al Mohammady Saad
Mostafa Al Mohammady Saad is a 48
year-old lawyer from Al Santa district in
Gharbia.
Mostafa Al Mohammady Saad was ar-
rested on February 2, 2015, while he was
at the military prosecution at the tenth
district of Nasr City, Cairo by National
Security forces. He was beaten and tor-

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tured by hanging him up from his hands
in the National Security headquarters.
He was assaulted by the police forces in
the high-security Torah prison, where he
was stripped of all his clothes and beaten
severely. This assault led to a suspected
stroke in his head. He was taken to Mani-
al Hospital for treatment and was brought
back to the prison before the completion
of the first aid and surgery.
Actions that have been taken
The victim's family submitted reports to
the office of the public prosecutor and
sent telegrams to the public prosecutor
and the
Ministry of Interior but no decision was
made.
b - Hesham Abdul Nabi Ahmed Ibrahim
Hesham Abdul Nabi Ahmed Ibrahim is
a 26 year-old worker who lives in Al Ba-
drashin, Giza.
Hesham Abdul Nabi was arrested on
February 17, 2015, when police forces
in civilian and formal clothes raided his
home. He was not present at the time, so
they detained his father as a hostage until
Hesham Abdul Nabi surrendered him-
self; his father was then released. Hesh-
am Abdul Nabi was then taken to Abu Al
Nomrus police station and there he was
assaulted, beaten and electrocuted in dif-
ferent places of his body. The violations
reached the limit as his tongue was cut
out, and he was then taken to Al Kasr Al
Einy Hospital for stitches. Then he was
presented to the public prosecutor on
February 27. He mentioned all the viola-
tions that he suffered to the public pros-
ecutor, and as a penalty for this he was
deported to Al Badrashin police station
to be tortured again. His tongue was cut
out again. On March 26, 2015, his father
wondered why his son could not speak to
him during a visit to the police station. He
recognized the injuries to Hesham Abdul
Nabi’s tongue, so he brought a special
doctor to see him. The sheriff refused to
accept the doctor’s diagnosis, and he told
the doctor that he will treat the victim
in the police station. The sheriff denied
the detainee the necessary treatment in
his solitary cell in the police station. The
doctor and the victim's father implored
the sheriff to transfer the victim to the
hospital outside the police station but it
failed. His health status has deteriorated
since his arrest up until now. We have all
the medical documents and reports that
prove this.

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Actions that have been taken
The victim's family submitted reports to
the office of the public prosecutor and
sent telegrams to the public prosecutor
and the Ministry of Interior but no deci-
sion was made.
c-Ismail Gomaa Aboud Khamis
Ismail Gomaa Aboud Khamis is a 42
year-old teacher from Al Badrashin,
Giza.
Ismail Gomaa’s wife said: “Ismael was
arrested on April 7, 2015, when securi-
ty forces in civilian and uniform clothes
kidnapped him. He was missing for 13
days. We knew that he was tortured at the
place of his detention at Abu Al Nom-
rous police station, where he was beaten
severely all over his body, hung up, and
electrocuted in order to force him to
confess to things he did not commit, and
which were totally unrelated to him.
“On April 20, Ismail Gomaa was present-
ed to the public prosecution in order to
proceed with his investigation. Thus, he
was presented before the prosecution af-
ter he was beaten and assaulted.”
Actions that have been taken
The victim's family submitted reports to
the office of the public prosecutor and
sent telegrams to the public prosecutor
and the Ministry of Interior but no deci-
sion was made.
Refa't Ibrahim Abu Zaid Al Sayed Sherdy
Refa't Ibrahim Abu Zaid Al Sayed Sherdy
is 45 years old. He works as the head of
the department of manufacturing at Ce-
ramica Prima, and he lives in Sadat City,
Menoufia.
Refa’t Ibrahim’s wife stated:
“He was arrested on February 2, 2015,
when security forces in civilian and uni-
form clothes kidnapped him while he was
coming back from his work. Then he was
taken to the police station of Sadat City,
and there he was assaulted. He was beat-
en all over his body, and his right hand
and right foot were burnt and electrocut-
ed. As a result of this torture he went into
a coma for four days. His family were not
permitted to see him during the coma.
aActions that have been taken
The victim's family submitted reports to
the office of the public prosecutor and
sent telegrams to the public prosecutor
and the Ministry of Interior but no deci-
sion was made.
Galal Al Din Mahmoud Galal
Galal Al Din Mahmoud Galal is a 24 year-
old student in the third year of the facul-
ty of medicine at Mansoura University.
He is the president of the Student Union
at Mansoura University, and he lives in
Deshmal, Dekerns, Mansoura, Dakahlia.
Galal Al Din was arrested on February 1,
2015, when security forces in civilian and
uniform clothes kidnapped him from a
location unknown to his family. Then he
was taken to the police station of the first
district of Mansoura. There he was as-
saulted, beaten all over his body, hung up
by his feet, and electrocuted in sensitive
places on his body, which caused wounds
and bruises all over his body. His mother
was not permitted to see him for fifteen
days, during which time he was subjected
to systematic torture.

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b-Fahmy Farig Souad Marzouk
We contacted the wife of Fahmy Farig
Souad Marzouk, Mrs. Elham Abu Al Fo-
touh, about the incident of his torture, and
shesaid:"Myhusbandsuffersfromhepatis,
diabetes and high blood pressure. While
he was talking to us through the window
of the transfer vehicle, he was beaten, in-
sulted, and humiliated by the officers and
the policemen. He was tied from behind in
front of his family and relatives because he
was talking to us. The officers weren’t sat-
isfied with this until he went into a hepatic
coma as a result of the assault. The officers
refused Fahmy Farig aid despite the fact
that they drove by a hospital. The doctor
of the prison saw him in the next day.
Fahmy was arrested while barefoot,his
clothes were torn, and he was b e a t e n
and insulted with the worst expletives in
front of neighbors and relatives."
c-Ramy Mohammed Hussain Hussain Abdullah
Ramy Mohammed Hussain Hussain Ab-
dullah is married and has three children.
His sister Ghoson Mohammed Hussian
Abdullah stated: "My brother is an As-
sistant Lecturer at Suez Canal Univer-
sity. He was arrested from a cafeteria in
the university while he was preparing
his master's degree. He was arrested for
three days. He was subjected to various
types of torture in order to tell the offi-
cer the location of his brothers. Now, the
four brothers are detained. My brother
was electrocuted and beaten severely at
Azouli prison. The traces of torture re-
mained on his body for months after the
torture.
The left side of his body was paralyzed,
and now he can neither move nor speak
because of the torture and medical ne-
glect. Even the doctor who demanded he
be taken to the hospital for treatment was
arrested too. His health status deteriorat-
ed and all his tendons and nerves have
stopped working. But curiously, when
he was presented to prosecution and
couldn't stand up in front of the prose-
cutor because of the paralysis, he was im-
mediately imprisoned for 45 days."
d-Hussain Mohammed Hussain Ali
Hussain Mohammed Hussain Ali was
sentenced to life imprisonment at Borj
Al Arab Prison. One of his relatives
told us that: "At the beginning of his
imprisonment, all of his clothes were
taken and burnt. The same thing has
happened to the blankets and all things
in the room. Therefore, all his medica-
tions were taken, so his state of health
deteriorated. He was assaulted, beaten
and insulted, when he first entered the
prison.
e-Ahmed Hafez Abdul Atty
Ahmed Hafez Abdul Atty is a 28 year-old
petroleum engineer and lecturer in the
Faculty of engineering. His wife, Mayar
Mostafa, said: “My husband Ahmed was
subjected to various types of torture in
Azouli and Aqrab Prisons. In Azouli
Prison he was stripped of all his clothes
and electrocuted and severely beaten all

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over his body. He was not allowed to take
a shower for three months. Many dis-
eases affected him during his incarcera-
tion as a result of this. He and his mates
were hanged by their feet for long days,
and they were prevented from sleeping.
Ahmed has spent hard days in Azouli
prison. When he was transferred from
Azouli prison to Aqrab prison, he said,
"We came out of the graves" because they
were deprived of food in Azouli Prison.
Inside Azouli, three oranges were dis-
tributed to twenty people. They were
even eating the orange peel. I was pre-
vented from seeing him for a hundred
days. In Aqrab Prison, he was beaten se-
verely, he was only given meager rations
of foods and drinks. My husband wore
the same pair of underwear for six en-
tire months. He was exposed to extreme
harassment. He was fired from his job,
and I was prevented from receiving his
salary. They took our apartment and all
of the furniture inside it. "

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Fourth Topic
Arbitrary detention cases soared in Egypt in 2015. In a flagrant violation of the lib-
erty of Egyptians, 23,000 people were detained in the year. The right to freedom is
guaranteed by all constitutions, covenants, and international conventions. These
thousands of people suffer from torture, enforced disappearance, and medical
negligence.They are processed through unfair trials, which dispense with all their
rights and hopes of freedom and dignity.
Preventive custody, and abusing it against opposition
All individuals are, by default, innocent, and such innocence requires no proof. On
the other hand, conviction requires conclusive and irrefutable evidence. This is
based on the principle stating that conviction is a claim against the default status,
innocence, and if the prosecution fails to irrefutably prove its claims, the default
status applies, which is, innocence.
In Egypt, however, times have changed and conviction has become the default sta-
tus, even if evidence indicates the innocence of the person of interest. Public pros-
ecutors have certain tendencies, or come with preconceptions against the accused
referred to them. One may even say that, in some cases, there is no evidence at all,
and the prosecution maintains an intransigent position and calls for detention for
periods that may reach a year or two or even exceed such periods in a blatant
violation of provisions of law.
Preventive custody was first legalized for the benefit of investigation in certain
cases. However, it should not be a punishment imposed upon suspects. Rather,
public prosecution must base its decision on solid evidence that indicates that the
accused has indeed committed a crime punishable by detention, provided that the
case is referred to the competent authority as soon as possible.
Arbitrary Arrest and Preventive Custody

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1-Joining a terrorist group intending to suspend the constitution and rule of law,
and attempting to overthrow the state regime.
2-Inciting violence against army and police, and sabotaging public and private
properties.
Such indefinite statements used by
investigative authorities when charging
individuals with groundless accusations
abuse the powers of public prosecution,
and subsequently detain individuals for
long, undefined periods. Such abuse
is done without any reference to the
provisions of the law. The public pros-
ecutor, which is a judicial body and a
subsidiary of the executive power, is re-
stricting liberties of Individuals under
the pretext that they threaten public
security without any evidence to such
accusations.
Unfortunately, we are suffering from
lack of evidence of the commission of
any criminal act, and all the guarantees
made by law for individuals are wasted
by the stroke of a pen by representatives
of the public prosecutor.
There are many cases of violation to
the law regarding preventive custody
and enforced disappearance. Many in-
dividuals reappear after prolonged pe-
riods and are then referred to the public
prosecutor. Although there are reports
and telegrams that prove that the arrest
was at an earlier date and that the period
of detention has been exceeded, the ac-
cused are still detained under the pros-
ecutor’s authority to use the terms of
reference of council chamber. However,
it exceeded the maximum limit granted
to it in the detention of the accused and
ordered their detainment for 45 days.
In other cases, preventive custody was
annulled after the issue of a decision by
a prosecutor within 24 hours or in cas-
es where the accused was not referred
to the council chamber within 45 days.
In addition, there were cases where the
accused was not referred to the penal
court within five months, in a violation
of Article 206 bis which stipulates that
a prosecutor shall consider such cases
rather than a chief prosecutor. Also, re-
newal of custody period shall not be de-
cided by a prosecutor, i.e., the decision
maker shall not hear the defense appeal
cases.
Preventive custody has become an excuse for arrest, a fake ornament of legal pro-
cedures, and an abuse of the Penal Code. Judicial authorities insist upon destroying
liberties, ignoring provisions of law, and letting personal preconceptions control
their judicial decisions.
Therefore, there is a large number of people under preventive custody for undefined
periods. Further, those under preventive custody often face bogus charges, where
the prosecution provides no evidence, and the judiciary requires no evidence for
conviction. There is a pattern for the charges made before penal courts, which may
result in life sentences or execution. Such charges include: