1.
Tania Urmee, David Harries Murdoch University, Australia & August Schlapfer Flensburg University, Germany A Survey Of Program Implementers On Their Views About Success Factors Of Solar PV Program In Asia And The Pacific

2.
Solar PV and developing countries <ul><li>Increased access to electricity is not keeping pace with population growth and demand for electricity is increasing. </li></ul><ul><li>Increasing access to electricity – several problems: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>The high costs of extending the grid </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The costs of using fossil fuel to generate electricity is increasing </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Using fossil fuel results in pollution (Climate Change) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The limited capacity of many householders to pay for electricity </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Now the question is, ‘How to address this growing needs in a environment friendly way’ </li></ul><ul><li>Solar Home System can be a ‘PART OF THE SOLUTION’ </li></ul><ul><li>But – the uptake of PV electrification programs has been slow! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Various approaches and resources have been used in developing countries </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Mixed results (some approaches more successful than others) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Need to investigate the reasons for slow take up and lack of success </li></ul></ul>

3.
Rationale and Objectives <ul><li>Much research effort has been invested in attempting improve the effectiveness of rural renewable electrification programs. These have focused on: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Identifying the barriers to the take up of RE systems </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The development of best practice guidelines </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Documentation of past programs to highlight that lessons that can be learned from these </li></ul></ul><ul><li>This study aimed to understand those factors that appear to be critical to the success of a program </li></ul><ul><li>The study based on a survey of program implementers in the Asia and the Pacific region </li></ul>

4.
Methodology <ul><li>Target Respondents </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Those employed by agencies with responsibility for RE electrification in Asia and the Pacific </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Structured survey questionnaire </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Rating and agreement scales </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Numeric open ended </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>open text </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Dissemination method </li></ul><ul><ul><li>E-mail survey </li></ul></ul>

5.
Results <ul><li>Respondent Rate </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Response rate = 77% </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Responses received from: Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Fiji </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Respondents – </li></ul><ul><li>Organisational type </li></ul>

6.
Objectives and Target Group <ul><li>The target groups served by the organizations surveyed were households, shops, institutions, small business, communities, and organisations with responsibility for water pumping and street lighting </li></ul>Target Group Objectives

7.
Program implementation <ul><li>Type of finance mechanisms used </li></ul>

8.
Responsibility for system maintenance and monitoring (M&M) Program implementation contd……….. 31 30 20 9 <ul><li>Program Implementers </li></ul><ul><li>Program implementers and users </li></ul><ul><li>Authorised technical company </li></ul><ul><li>Equipment supplier </li></ul>% of respondents Responsible Authority

9.
<ul><li>System sizes Available </li></ul>Program implementation contd. ………..

10.
Program outputs Number of systems installed under organizations’ programs

11.
<ul><li>System Cost (US$/Watt peak) </li></ul>Program output contd. ………..

12.
<ul><li>Program impact </li></ul>Program outputs contd……

13.
Factors regarded as essential for program success

14.
Main barriers as perceived by respondents

15.
Reasons program achievement attributed to

16.
Important issues for program success <ul><li>Regular maintenance and monitoring </li></ul><ul><li>Warranty and simple warranty claim procedure </li></ul><ul><li>Availability of finance and use of a flexible financing mechanism </li></ul><ul><li>Systems designed according to the needs of the local people </li></ul><ul><li>Program objectives should be specified in terms of the needs of the users and the benefits to users </li></ul><ul><li>Capacity building of local communities </li></ul><ul><li>Government policy and its implementation </li></ul>

17.
Reliance on guidelines <ul><li>Most program implementers are developing and implementing their programs without any reference to best practice guidelines or documents outlining lessons learned from previous experience. </li></ul>Were “best practice guidelines or lessons learned from previous experience used in designing, developing and implementing the program?

18.
Observations <ul><li>It is important for programs to be well designed </li></ul><ul><li>The lack of success of some programs is due primarily to flawed planning. </li></ul><ul><li>Technical and/or financial barriers are considered to be primary cause of program failure. </li></ul><ul><li>Good administration and favourable policies are also important for program’s success </li></ul><ul><li>Learning from earlier successful projects is likely to help increase program success. </li></ul>

19.
<ul><li>The reasons behind the success or lack of success of programs are not straightforward, but are indeed complex </li></ul><ul><li>The indicators of a ‘successful program’ are to covered the issues in the following axis lies in the program design and implementation phase. </li></ul>Success or limited success? Technical Issues Policy Issues Program Implementation Issues Business Issues Technical Issues Policy Issues Program Implementation Issues Business Issues Successful Program

20.
Questions/Comments? Thank You