Bart Onsia van imec (Leuven) gaf een presentatie over de uitdagingen van de komende jaren. Energie is er daar zeker 1 van. Wat doet imec op dat vlak?

1. CONFIDENTIAL
BUILDING INTEGRATED PV
A FUTURE FOR THE LOCAL INDUSTRY
BART ONSIA,
INNOVATION PROGRAM MANAGER FLANDERS

2. CONFIDENTIAL
1. Energy
2. Water
3. Food
4. Environment
5. Poverty
6. Terrorism & war
7. Disease
8. Education
9. Democracy
10. Population
HUMANITY’S TOP 10 PROBLEMS FORTHE NEXT 50YEARS
Source: Richard Smalley, nobel prize laureate, Rice University
Finding sustainable sources of energy for the entire world
will not only alleviate a growing energy crisis, but will also assist in
the solution to many of the world's other problems, such as water,
terrorism, and health.
(c) Imec 2017

3. CONFIDENTIAL

4. CONFIDENTIAL
WE HAVE A PROBLEM ...
4
(PWh)
(Gt)
Source IEA World Energy Outlook 2016

5. CONFIDENTIAL
... A FUTURE SCENARIO
5
Gt CO2 emissions
Solar Technology Roadmap 2014.

6. CONFIDENTIAL
RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL
Global Energy Demand
Based on data from EREC (www.erec.org)
Wind 200x
Biomass 20x
Geothermal 5x
Hydro /Tidal 3x
Solar 2850x
Crude oil 60x
Natural gas 155x
Coal 348x
FiniteYearly
(c) Imec 2014

7. CONFIDENTIAL
We’re like tenant farmers chopping down the
fence around our house for fuel when we
should be using nature’s inexhaustible sources
of energy – sun wind and tide. ...
I’d put my money on the sun and solar energy.
What a source of power!
I hope we don’t have to wait until oil and coal
run out before we tackle that. I wish I had
more years left.
Thomas Edison (1847 – 1931)
In conversation with Henry Ford and Harvey Firestone (1931)

8. CONFIDENTIAL
200,000 -
150,000 -
100,000 -
50,000 -
2000 2005 2010 2015
0 -
Cumulative Installed Solar Capacity (MW)
240 GW
CAGR: > 40%
1% of World Electricity
250,000 -

9. CONFIDENTIAL
Cumulative Installed Solar Capacity (TW)
2030 2040 2050 2060 2070
5 -
4 -
3 -
2 -
1 -
0 -
2010 20202000

10. CONFIDENTIAL
Expertise in sustainable energy
and intelligent energy systems
in the built environment

11. CONFIDENTIAL
BUILDING,WE HAVE A PROBLEM ...
of total EU energy consumption40%
Share of GHG emissions in Europe 1/3

12. CONFIDENTIAL
BUILDING + PV, A SOLUTION TO BOTH PROBLEMS
12
Roadmap BIPV - Berenschot
• More available area for deployment
(efficient land-use)
• Higher energy efficiency reduced
demand/supply mismatch through broadening
the generation peak, generation close to
consumption)
• Reduced BoS (frame & installation
amortized on building & PV)

13. CONFIDENTIAL
BUILDING + PV, A SOLUTION TO BOTH PROBLEMS
13
Roadmap BIPV - Berenschot

14. TO BAPV

15. CONFIDENTIAL
PHYSICAL INTEGRATION: KEY?
technology only…

16. CONFIDENTIAL

17. CONFIDENTIAL
PHYSICAL INTEGRATION: KEY?
technology only…

18. CONFIDENTIAL

19. TO BAPV
OR TO BIPV ?

20. CONFIDENTIAL
Wienerberger + Soltech : KoraSun

21. CONFIDENTIAL
SOLTECH + ETERNIT: SOLESIA
Eternit + Soltech : Solesia

22. CONFIDENTIAL

23. CONFIDENTIAL
AERspire

24. CONFIDENTIAL24

25. CONFIDENTIAL

26. CONFIDENTIAL
SAPA + SOLTECH
Sapa

27. CONFIDENTIAL
Reynaers

28. BIPV - NOW

29. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
TO BAPV OR TO BIPV
Especially for office buildings, BIPV facades provide a very interesting opportunity
More available area for the integration of renewables
Broadening of generation peak reduces supply/demand mismatch
High available budget for facades
“Greening” compensates for the additional budget
High façade engineering capacity
Match with esthetic demands for office buildings
Export potential of the developments

30. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
BUILDING ENVELOPE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
1. Heat and mass
2. Acoustics
3. Light
4. Fire
5. Service life
6. Costs
7. Sustainability
8. Aesthetics
9. Structural stability
10. Energy production
1.1 Air tightness
1.2Thermal insulation
1.3Transient response
1.4 Energy demand
1.5 Moisture tolerance
http://www.ecbcs.org/docs/annex_32_tsr_web.pdf
IEA ECBCS Annex 32 IBEPA (2000)
(integral building envelope performance assessment)

31. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
BIPV, A SOLUTION TO BOTH PROBLEMS
• More available area for deployment
(efficient land-use)
• Higher energy efficiency reduced
demand/supply mismatch through broadening
the generation peak, generation close to
consumption)
• Reduced BoS (frame & installation
amortized on building & PV)
31
• Meet building, PV (& BIPV) PV norms and
functional requirements
• Adapt to local building culture
• Small modular or larger bespoke
elements
• Esthetics (color, transparency, graphics,
texture, ...)
• Efficiency (non-ideal exposure, ventilation, ...)
• Cost: NRE, design of installation, ease of
procurement, ease of installation
• Lifetime: match the building product
• Seamless integration
BENEFITS CHALLENGES

32. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
BIPV, A SOLUTION TO BOTH PROBLEMS
• More available area for deployment
(efficient land-use)
• Higher energy efficiency reduced
demand/supply mismatch through broadening
the generation peak, generation close to
consumption)
• Reduced BoS (frame & installation
amortized on building & PV)
32
• Meet building, PV (& BIPV) PV norms and
functional requirements
• Adapt to local building culture
• Small modular or larger bespoke
elements
• Esthetics (color, transparency, graphics,
texture, ...)
• Efficiency (non-ideal exposure, ventilation, ...)
• Cost: NRE, design of installation, ease of
procurement, ease of installation
• Lifetime: match the building product
• Seamless integration
BENEFITS CHALLENGES

33. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
BIPV = NOT YOUR STANDARD PV PRODUCT
33
Non – Standard
Order made
One of a kind
Esthetics
€/m²
Standard
Mass produced
Certified products
ROI driven
€/kWh
MASS CUSTOMIZATION
standardized, certified
production processes
& product families

34. MASS CUSTOMIZATION
flexible processes for custom output
postponing differentiation until the last possible
point
without trade-off in cost, quality, delivery

35. FLEXIBLE PROCESS  PRODUCT FAMILIES
35

36. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
glass
cell surface
tab
*T. Söderström et al., EUPVSC 2013
• Record performance modules and cost savings by:
• Reducing resistive losses (distributed current collection on the cell)
• Reducing shading losses (light recycling from round wires)
• Increased production yield (reduced local stress through
homogeneous heating)
• Improved reliability
• Low topography interconnection
• Redundancy in interconnection points
• Improved aesthetics
• Uniform look
MULTIWIRE INTERCONNECTION ...

37. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
Encapsulation
ribbon
Solder coated
copper wires
... IN A WOVEN FABRIC

38. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
▸ Positioning of tissue on glass
▸ 1st cell on tissue
▸ Next tissue and cell, etc.
▸ Next tissue (perpendicular)
(45°finger cell design)
▸ Repeat for whole module
▸ Connection of 3 cell strings
▸ Glass lay-up and lamination
Bifacial busbarless cell
Glass substrate
Top glass
Tissue perpendicular to cell string
Connectors* Under investigation
MODULE LEVEL INTERCONNECTION
FLEXIBILITY
=
Cell (or sheet) rotated 90°

39. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
Glass washing
Glass layup
Module layup
Backsheet layup
Lamination
Final assembly
MODULE LEVEL INTERCONNECTION
FLEXIBILITY & SIMPLICITY
Glass washing
Encapsulant cutting
and glass layup
Cell soldering
String testing
String layup and
bussing
Foil cutting and
backsheet layup
Lamination
Final assembly
Traditional
module assembly:
Module level interconnection
with woven fabric:

40. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
+ simplified module assembly
+ reduced cost: less metal
+ thermal stress relief (weaving bends)
+ bespoke spacing for transparency
... IN A WOVEN FABRIC
• Record performance modules and cost savings by:
• Reducing resistive losses (distributed current collection on the cell)
• Reducing shading losses (light recycling from round wires)
• Increased production yield (reduced local stress through
homogeneous heating)
• Improved reliability
• Low topography interconnection
• Redundancy in interconnection points
• Improved aesthetics
• Uniform look

41. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
ALSO FOR BACK CONTACT CELLS
Solder paste
Glass fibre
BC cell
Metallic wire
WOVEN FABRIC MULTIWIRE INTERCONNECTION

42. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
FOR BACK CONTACT CELLS
• Record performance modules and cost savings by:
• Reducing resistive losses
• Improved reliability
• Low topography interconnection
• Fit for BIPV?
• Improved aesthetics: uniform look
+ simplified module assembly
+ reduced cost: less metal/solder paste
+ thermal stress relief (weaving bends)
+ bespoke spacing for transparency
WOVEN FABRIC MULTIWIRE INTERCONNECTION

43. POSTPONING DIFFERENTIATION
43

44. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
Semi-transparent
Striped absorber (30 – 50%)
non-transparent
Uniform absorber
THIN FILM PV OPTIONS

45. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
Semi-transparent
Striped absorber (30 – 50%)
Transparent layers (OPV, Perovskite)
non-transparent
Uniform absorber
THIN FILM PV OPTIONS

46. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
TUNINGTRANSPARENCY & ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Traditional module process
3x sequential layer deposition and scribing
• Novel back-end module process
First deposit all layers; afterwards interconnect by scribing and printing
Deposit + scribe Deposit + scribe Deposit + scribe

47. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
Customized bespoke finishing
Standardized mass production
POSTPONING CUSTOMIZATION

48. ADAPTIVE PRODUCTS
48

49. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
SMART MODULES
Module-level
power conversion
Integrated condition
monitoring
Shadow resistance
Smart bypass,
re-configuration,...
Local power
conversion
RUN-TIME CUSTOMIZATION

50. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
Integrated condition
monitoring
Smart bypass,
re-configuration,...
Local power
conversion
UNDER THE HOOD OF SMART MODULES
Shadow resistance
Module-level
power conversion

51. TO KNOW THE EFFECT OF
CUSTOMIZATION

52. IMEC TECHNOLOGY FORUM
ENERGY YIELD MODEL
EVALUATE COLOR, INTERCONNECTION, BIPV HEAT TRANSFER, ...

53. 53
MASS CUSTOMIZATION
DESIGN the custom BIPV product/system
 E-yield model
PRODUCE the custom BIPV product/system
 Flexible dimensions
 Transparency
 Electrical characteristics
RUN-TIME customization
 Smart shadow-resistant modules

54. CONFIDENTIAL
Money for nothin’

55. CONFIDENTIAL
And PV for free

56. CONFIDENTIAL
I want my BIPV

57. CONFIDENTIAL
VALUE CHAIN
FROM CRADLE TO GRAVE
Decon-
struction
/
Recycling
Service
• Maintenance
• Monitoring
• Operation
Exploitation
• Aggregators
• Third party
investing
• Yieldco
Installation
BoS
materials
cabling, frames,
inverters
Modules
Cells
Materials
Equipment
Raw
materials
Equipment
Consultancy
+ support from R&D
From global to local through: higher technicity, adaptation
to local standards, integration with end application

58. CONFIDENTIAL

59. CONFIDENTIAL
PART OF THIS RESEARCH HAS BEEN CONDUCTEDWITHTHE
EFRO-SALK: SOLSTHORE PROJECT. THIS PROJECT RECEIVESTHE
SUPPORT OFTHE EUROPEAN UNION,THE EUROPEAN REGIONAL
DEVELOPMENT FUND ERDF, FLANDERS INNOVATION &
ENTREPRENEURSHIP ANDTHE PROVINCE OF LIMBURG.
PART OFTHISWORK HAS ALSO BEEN CONDUCTEDWITHINTHE
LENO PV PROJECT FUNDED BY FLANDERS INNOVATION &
ENTREPRENEURSHIP.
THE AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGETHEVARIOUS FUNDING
AGENCIES.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

60. THANKYOU FORYOUR ATTENTION
 BART.ONSIA@IMEC.BE
 +32 (0)16 28 8030