The document discusses various approaches to therapy including psychological therapies like psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies, behavior therapies, and cognitive therapies. It also discusses biomedical therapies such as drug therapies including antidepressants and antipsychotics as well as electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery. Finally, it lists some approaches to preventing psychological disorders such as being happy, avoiding drugs, being nice to oneself and others, having faith, getting married, and having someone to talk to.

1. Therapy

2. Preview
• Psychological Therapies
• Evaluating Psychotherapies
• Biomedical Therapies
• Preventing Psychological Disorders

3. Psychological Therapies
• Psychotherapy:
– an emotionally charged, confiding interaction
between a trained therapist and someone who
suffers from psychological difficulties.
– Approximately 250 different psychotherapies.
– Eclectic Approach – uses different
psychotherapies depending on the client’s
needs.
• “Psychotherapy integration”

4. Psychological Therapies
• Psychoanalysis
– Sigmund Freud
– Interpretation of:
• Free associations
• Resistances
• Dreams
• Transferences
– Bring subconscious motivations to conscious
mind.

5. Psychological Therapies
• Humanistic Therapies
– Client-Centered Therapy
• Carl Rogers
• Involves active listening within a genuine,
accepting, empathic environment.
• “Nondirective therapy”
• Unconditional positive regard

6. Psychological Therapies
• Behavior Therapies
– Classical Conditioning
• Systematic Desensitization
– Progressive relaxation
– Exposure therapy: gentle
– Flooding: aggressive confrontation
• Aversive Conditioning
– Operant Conditioning
• Token economy

7. Psychological Therapies
• Cognitive Therapies
– Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive
ways of thinking and acting.
– Based on the assumption that thoughts
intervene between events and our emotional
reactions
• Stress inoculation training
• Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy – integrated therapy.

8. Psychological Therapies
• Family Therapy
– Treats the family as a system.
– Odds are that what is affecting one person has a
link to the whole family.
• Group Therapy
– Good for things like eating disorders

9. Evaluating Psychotherapies
• Who do people
turn to for
help?

10. Evaluating Psychotherapies
• Reasons for success among psychotherapies
– Hope for demoralized people
– A new perspective
– An empathic, trusting, caring relationship

11. Biomedical Therapies
• Drug Therapies
– Psychopharmacology
• Antipsychotic Drugs
– Thorazine for positive schizophrenia
– Clozaril for negative schizophrenia
• Antianxiety Drugs
– Valium and Librium
» Used for Bipolar Disorder & Generalized Anxiety
Disorder, not OCD, phobias, or panic disorder
» Unclear how it works.

12. Biomedical Therapies
• Drug Therapies
– Antidepressant Drugs
• Tricyclics
– imipramine and amitryptyline
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
– Marplan, Nardil
• Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):
– Prozac

13. Biomedical Therapies
• Electroconvulsive Therapy
– Used in case of sever, unrelenting depression
– Modern ECT is very different from early ECT
• Safer
• Patient given drugs to sedate beforehand
• Painless
– 70% of people who do not respond to other
treatments get relief with ECT

14. Biomedical Therapies
• Psychosurgery
– Prefrontal lobotomies not used anymore.
– Cingulotomy
• Partial destruction of structure in limbic system
• Results show some success with fewer side effects

15. Preventing Psychological
Disorders

16. Preventing Psychological
Disorders
• Be happy

17. Preventing Psychological
Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs

18. Preventing Psychological
Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others

19. Preventing Psychological
Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird

20. Preventing Psychological
Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
• Have faith

21. Preventing Psychological
Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
• Have faith
• Get married

22. Preventing Psychological
Disorders
• Be happy
• Don’t do drugs
• Be nice to yourself and others
• Don’t be sad; don’t be crazy; don’t be weird
• Have faith
• Get married
• Have someone you can talk to