Business Development Services (BDS) Market Diagnostics in Uganda
1. FINAL REPORT
CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR BUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (BDS) MARKET DIAGNOSTIC
IN UGANDA
CONDUCTED BY:
FIT RESOURCES
SUBMITTED TO:
EAST AFRICA DAIRY DEVELOPMENT (EADD) PROJECT
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3. CONTENTS
Background and introduction..................................................................................................4
Methodology and activities .....................................................................................................5
Pre-planning .......................................................................................................................5
Training...............................................................................................................................6
Field work ...........................................................................................................................8
Sampling .........................................................................................................................9
Key challenges of fieldwork ...........................................................................................10
Data processing ................................................................................................................10
Presentations ....................................................................................................................11
Key conclusions of the methodology ................................................................................11
Findings of fieldwork and data analysis ................................................................................12
Consumer survey .................................................................................................................12
Locations covered and key informants interviewed ..........................................................12
Targeted SME consumers interviewed .............................................................................12
Market profiles ..................................................................................................................14
Key demand side constraints and opportunities ...............................................................28
Business development services that address those constraints and opportunities ..........29
Specific policy constraints that are affecting MSE product markets ..................................29
Supplier diagnostic by location .............................................................................................30
Existing providers/ services and their locations ................................................................30
A workable data base of the BDS actors ..........................................................................31
BDS suppliers interviewed ................................................................................................31
Types of services and price of services, how providers cover costs, profitability, existing
contractual arrangements/relationships and promotional/marketing strategies ................35
Capacity gaps of interviewed suppliers.............................................................................40
Priority supply side constraints, market failures, and market opportunities.......................40
The enabling environment for BDS ...................................................................................46
Characteristics of the market for BDS in each specific region in relation to existing supply,
demand and transactions .................................................................................................48
An insight into the potential of each target market location...............................................50
Level of market distortion..................................................................................................51
Comparative information on the in-country sites and the 3 markets ................................. 50
Other current or proposed dairy sector interventions ........................................................53
Sustainable solutions to address priority market constraints and market failures .............53
‘Illustrative’ market based interventions to develop the market for key identified services
that are in demand or offer the greatest potential for stabilization or growth ....................62
Approaches and methodologies .......................................................................................66
Strategies which ensure effectiveness and efficiency .......................................................67
Strategies which ensure sustainability ..............................................................................71
Suggested BDS providers/delivery channels to target for future interventions .................74
Selecting appropriate BDS providers ................................................................................75
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4. BDS performance measurements at the BDS market level ..............................................76
Annexes ...............................................................................................................................80
Database of SME actors including persons interviewed ...................................................80
Database of BDS suppliers including persons interviewed ...............................................80
Database of targeted suppliers .........................................................................................80
Itinerary.............................................................................................................................80
FIT/RI scope of work.........................................................................................................80
Final instruments ..............................................................................................................80
BDS training report ...........................................................................................................80
Researcher training report ................................................................................................80
Background and Introduction
In a bid to improve life through poverty reduction, a Consortium of organisations comprising
of Heifer International as lead, TechnoServe Inc, ILRI, ABS-TCM and ICRAF launched a 4
year program dubbed EADD (East Africa Dairy Development) funded by Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation. The program aims to move smallholder farmers out of poverty by
delivering farmer-focused, value-chain activities that are implemented simultaneously to
stimulate dairy farm production, dairy-sector services, business development and dairy
market pull. The vision of success for the EADD is that the lives of 179,000 families - or
approximately one million people, are transformed by doubling household dairy income by
year 2018, through integrated interventions in dairy production, market-access and
knowledge application.
The Consortium deemed it important to carry out a market assessment to understand the
characteristics of the BDS markets in relation to existing supply, demand and transactions in
the dairy sectors in some key sites in Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. The information would:
• Provide an insight into the potential of each market
• Clarify opportunities for interventions
• Define broad strategic approaches
FIT Resources Kenya (FIT) in collaboration with Research International East Africa Ltd
(RIEAL) were contracted to coordinate the market diagnostic in key locations in Uganda.
The findings and recommendations of this consultancy will contribute to the market focused,
sub sector approach of the EADD aimed at improving the functioning of BDS markets. The
final scope of work is attached to this report (Annexes/ Final Revised SOW).
FIT Resources act as the lead agency and contract holder, to provide strategic leadership in
devising and conducting the business development service consumer research and supplier
diagnostic. Research International conduct the field work as a sub contractor, to collect
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5. primary/secondary qualitative and quantitative information, analyse, process and present
the data.
Methodology and activities
To achieve the above results the following activities were agreed on:
• Pre-planning (planning meetings, research boundaries on the basis of project
resources, existing sub sector information, market assessment
goal/objectives/research hypothesis, developing and testing the tools, screening
interviewers, target locations in each country, preliminary key informants, other current
or proposed interventions)
• Training (training of EADD staff, field research teams and BDS training workshop)
• Field work (target groups, sample size, areas covered, team structure, consumer
survey and supplier diagnostic)
• Data processing (developing the data base of BDS actors, profiling the markets,
choose priority constraints, identifying and scoping out sustainable solutions, defining
‘illustrative’ market based interventions and strategies, suggest appropriate BDS
providers, establishing comparative information, identifying BDS performance
measurements)
• Presentations (stakeholder workshops and final presentation)
Pre-planning
Relevant background information was sourced via a series of planning meeting with
Technoserve and EADD Consortium members. Meeting presentations and minutes are
attached to this report (Annexes/Process meetings). These meetings also included setting
the research boundaries on the basis of project resources, preliminary selection of target
locations and the agreed definition of ‘small holder farmer’.
The market assessment goal, objectives and research hypothesis were agreed as follows:
The market assessment goal is:
To understand the characteristics of the BDS markets in relation to existing supply, demand
and transactions in key sites in Uganda.
The market assessment objectives are:
• To provide an insight into the potential of each market
• To clarify opportunities for interventions
• To define broad strategic approaches
The research hypothesis is:
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6. If current BDS market dynamics are better understood then strategic approaches and
interventions can be devised to develop BDS markets in a sustainable manner and thus
benefit SMEs.
It was agreed that the FIT/RI team would build capacity of the project staff to undertake
future market assessments during the life of the project. Due to budget constraints a
targeted number of sites were discussed that affords the best opportunities to kick-off the
project and generate some ‘quick wins’. A training itinerary was also agreed upon to
capacitate EADD project staff in BDS and research skills. FIT Resources provided lead for
the overall assignment and liaison with Technoserve and the country office on all the
pre-planning activities. FIT Resources coordinated the field preparation with Research
International and Technoserve including; tool development and testing, researcher selection
and training and itinerary development. Different tools were developed to cover the demand
(consumer) side and supply (supplier) side of the market. The final instruments and itinerary
are attached to this report (Annexes/Final Instruments). The following activities were
undertaken prior to the commencement of fieldwork: screening of team members,
preparation and translation of questionnaires and preparation of reporting tools and
manuals. Research International personnel met field staff/counterparts and finalised the
selection of target locations and identification of key informants in each location. Research
International finalised the training of field researchers including EADD project staff and
preparations for field research.
No secondary information was used, as the project is building on a baseline survey and an
existing value chain assessment. The comprehensive examination of targeted BDS markets
and value chains will assist EADD in designing systemic solutions to key market problems.
The two subsystems - BDS markets and value chains - are complementary components of
the larger market system into which MSEs must integrate.
Training
1. BDS training workshop - FIT Resources personnel implemented an in-depth EADD
staff stakeholder training in Uganda. This 2 day formal training in diagnostic skills
covered the principles and practices of BDS, BDS market development, BDS market
assessment and BDS market development programme design and performance
measurement. The aim of this training was to capacitate project staff and provide
stakeholders with a contextual framework for the research. The workshop
presentations, training materials and training reports are attached (Annexes/BDS
Training).
2. Training of field research teams - teams including Technoserve and Consortium
member staff, were subject to an in country briefing session prior to fieldwork
commencement. The training sessions covered methodology of the assessment
stages, sampling, tools and stimulus methods to use with market players and how to
complete reporting formats. The aim of this training was to capacitate project staff to
engage in further market diagnostics beyond the life of this collaboration. The
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7. workshop presentation and training reports are attached (Annexes/Research
Training).
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8. Field work
In order to complete this assignment within the defined period, a large teams of
Interviewers, Team-Leaders and Supervisors were assigned. Team members were
recruited from the RIEAL regional offices, according to specifications based on experience
and qualifications. The RIEAL Principle Researcher and a Field Coordinator coordinated the
research at all stages, and focused on ensuring that outputs were planned in advance so
time-schedules were met. They worked alongside the RIEAL existing field management
structure that forms the line management for the Field Departments. Daily reporting of
results and activities from each team was channeled back through this Central Management
Team.
Research International led and implemented the field research in collaboration with EADD
project staff. However no staffs were on the ground during the fieldwork in some sites in
Uganda. Consultations and market observation were undertaken during the fieldwork which
included visiting identified target locations plus identifying and holding interviews with key
informants and targeted dairy sector stakeholders relevant to the selected sites.
Consumer survey - Consumer research was implemented with a selection of consumers
from the core market itself, with a focus on farmers and Chilling Plant stakeholders.
However the definition regarding ‘small holder farmer’ was reviewed and altered during a
process meeting and the ceiling lifted on the number of cows, as many farmers in Uganda
and Rwanda are large compared to Kenya’s extensive small holder population. Constraints
and opportunities were then identified in the areas of market access, input supply,
technology/product development, management and organisation, policy, finance and
infrastructure. The size and strength of the market in each specific area of the country for
those services was estimated broadly plus key sub sector constraints, market failures and
market opportunities defined from the demand side. Key business development services
were identified that address the specific constraints and opportunities.
Supplier diagnostic - Based on the identified priority services, relevant suppliers were
identified and a supplier survey implemented with service providers from the support
markets to determine who is supplying BDS and how. Constraints, market failures and
opportunities were then determined from the supply side. A comparison of suppliers was
also undertaken and the level of market distortion anticipated. Stakeholders from the
business environment such as Local Authorities, Regulators/Policy Makers were contacted
as required to provide an overview of the business environment.
The BDS survey fieldwork was conducted between the 24th and 30th of November 2008.
Three separate field teams of 4 Enumerators were used in each location. The Enumerator
groups were language specific for the purposes of ensuring consistence with instant
translation of the questions. The three teams were supervised by the co-ordinator. The
areas covered in the survey are shown below:
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9. Luweero Masindi Kiboga
Nakaseke (Wakyato) Kiryandongo (Kakooko) Kyankwanzi
Katikamu Kimengo (Kijunjubwa) Nsambya
Bamunanika Bwijanga (Ntooma) Kapeke
New sites not included will be covered by Technoserve staff beyond the life of this
consultancy.
The interview length for each interview was approximately 30 minutes.
Sampling
The sample included 327 interviews spread across the 3 sites:
• 300 farmers were interviewed.
• The instruction to cover farmers within a 20Km radius from the proposed locations of
the Chilling Plant/ hub was not adhered to for two reasons.
o Farmers hold large tracts of land they use for grazing. The distance from one
farm to the next was very big; it was not uncommon to find farmers holding 20
to 80 acres. In this situation the 20Km radius was limiting access to prospective
respondents.
o The proposed sites of the Chilling Plants are in the main towns of the districts
except for Kiboga where the site is Kyankwanzi. To access dairy farmers the
field teams had to exceed the 20 Km limitation.
• Depending on the number of locations located within the 20 KM radius, an equal
number of sampling points were picked in each location to ensure spread of
interviews. For each location, the Team Leader picked the starting point randomly,
and using the Random Route Method, farmers who fitted the set criteria were
interviewed: Selection criteria included:
o Be a dairy farmer
o Have mature milking cows
o Be engaging in some milk sales irrespective of quantities sold
• In Luweero, the team had to go beyond the Administrative Boundary of Luweero
District into Nakaseke District. Nakaseke was previously a county within Luweero
District. Discussions with members of the Interim Cooperative Committee revealed
that the bulk of the milk for the Chilling Plant in Luweero will actually come from this
area.
• The other key consideration in the sampling was engagement of a farmer in milk
sales. This consensus was reached in the course of field training. It was agreed that
numbers of cattle kept did not necessarily imply active engagement in the dairy
market.
• As for suppliers (27 were interviewed), the team picked supplier names from the
farmers, other suppliers and also those they came across in the market places. From
the list, a score was given to each and every supplier based on set criteria (capacity to
deliver services, closeness to SMEs e.g. in terms of understanding their culture and
geography, commercial focus e.g. level of profitability, focus on services, SMEs or
BDS, organizational independence- especially from donor funds, legally registered
and willingness/interest/ability to partner). From the list, suppliers who met the above
criteria were selected for the interviews.
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10. Key challenges of fieldwork
• No staff on ground in some sites
• Suspicion and fatigue of consumers and suppliers (also Interviewees demanding
money)
• Few providers with little diversity to be found
• Limited functional linkages (e.g. between EADD and Gov) and knowledge among
clients about EADD
• Definition of small holder farmer
• Distances to farms
• Lack of public transport
• Clash of events
Data processing
Research International processed all the data collected on an ongoing basis. Research
International personnel have developed a database of actors (BDS providers in each of the
areas under study are listed, categorized by service provision and their location recorded). A
further database defines specific provider gaps and capacities including a score against
agreed selection criteria for determining target partner providers. A database of the small
and micro enterprises (SMEs) interviewed has also been developed. The full data set is
attached to this report (Annexes/Databases).
To understand the markets, RI examined three key issues - demand, supply and
transactions (the interaction between demand and supply) during the market assessment.
The outcome of analyzing this information forms a picture of each BDS market showing how
it works, where the opportunities for growth are, and where significant problems lie. Data
analysis was undertaken to profile the markets, establish comparative information on the in-
country sites (and the 3 countries) and draw conclusions from the data.
A round table meeting was held in early December 08 with stakeholders to overview the
methodology and process of data processing and analysis and reach consensus on the
priority constraints/opportunities and identify possible solutions. The meeting presentation is
attached to this report (Annexes/ Process meetings). Sustainable solutions that address
priority supply side and demand side constraints were discussed. Illustrative market based
interventions were also developed with a focus on potentially sustainable/profitable services
that are replicable in the private sector. Strategies which ensure effectiveness, efficiency
and sustainability were also discussed alongside suggested BDS performance
measurements. The data processing plan was then circulated for stakeholder feedback
during the analysis process and the data plan is attached to this report (Annexes/Process
meetings). Comparative information on the in-country sites and 3 BDS markets was also
produced.
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11. Presentations
FIT Resources and Research International personnel collaboratively implemented a
presentation and action planning at a stakeholder workshop in Uganda with staff,
Consortium members and key informants on the 8th of January 09. This workshop included
a short review presentation on the basic principles and practices of BDS and the Market
Development Paradigm. All the research findings were presented and proposed illustrative
solutions and performance measurements discussed (Annexes/Process meetings).
Feedback was recorded and an action plan developed.
FIT Resources then prepared this final draft report and will present the final report to
Technoserve with support from Research International in Nairobi, Kenya on January 30th
2009.
Key conclusions of the methodology
• Outsourcing the MA to a research company ensured a more effective and efficient
MA process.
• A combination of outsourcing and internal capacity building ensured the best possible
results. The likelihood of useful research results was ensured as EADD stayed close
to the MA process.
• The ability of EADD staff to remain consistent to the process was questionable. Staffs
were not always available for the trainings and meetings as required plus EADD field
staff were not available to partner on the field work in some locations drawing into
question the long term ability of Field Staff to implement further diagnostics in new
locations.
• Determining a clear hypotheses and outlined MA goal and objectives ensured a more
effective delivery of analysed data from Research International.
• The MA focused on a holistic picture of the market and incorporated both sides of the
market equation—demand and supply.
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12. Findings of fieldwork and data analysis
Consumer survey
Locations covered and key informants interviewed
Luweero Masindi Kiboga
Nakaseke (Wakyato) Kiryandongo (Kakooko) Kyankwanzi
Katikamu Kimengo (Kijunjubwa) Nsambya
Bamunanika Bwijanga (Ntooma) Kapeke
Key Informants Interviewed
• Chairman Luweero • Model Farmer and • Member of Cooperative
Cooperative Member of Cooperative committee based in
• Member of Cooperative Committee Kyankwanzi
Committee- Katikamu Area • Chairman Kigomora- • Veterinary Assistant
• 2 Dairy farmers; One zero Bweyale Farmers Kyankwanzi Sub County
grazing hybrid cattle and Association • 2 local dairy both with local
the other free grazing local • 2 local dairy both with cattle
cattle. local cattle • 1 Supplier in Kyankwanzi
• One Supplier in Luweero • 1 Supplier in Masindi Trading Centre
Town Town
Targeted SME consumers interviewed
A total of 300 respondents were covered in the three survey sites in Uganda. Of these 264
(88%) were male while 36 (12%) were female. In terms of specific sites; of the 300
respondents, 100 (33%) were from Masindi, 98 (33%) from Kiboga and 102 (34%) were
from Luweero. Most of the consumers were in the age groups; 36-45 (102), 26-35 (79) and
46-55 (53%). The other age groups had fewer numbers (less than 34 or less than 12%) of
consumers. The full distribution is shown in the table below:
Respondents
profile Gender Age Area
TOTA Mal Femal 18- 26- 36- 46- 56- 66 Masi Kibo Luw
Area L e e 25 35 45 55 65 + ndi ga ero
Total Sample 300 264 36 19 79 102 53 33 14 100 98 102
Masindi 33 36 17 37 49 34 15 24 21 100 - -
Kiboga 33 33 33 26 20 27 53 48 36 - 100 -
Luwero 34 32 50 37 30 38 32 27 43 - - 100
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13. As per the recruitment criteria, all the consumers interviewed were engaged in cattle
keeping. Other farming activities carried out, included food crop farming though their
mainstay was on cattle keeping for income and sustenance. With regard to numbers of
cattle kept, a majority of them kept more than 5 cows for milking. However, in Luweero, the
proportion of farmers with 5 cows and below was significantly higher -40% compared to
Masindi (10%) and Kiboga (24%). This is because Luweero is densely populated and
farmers have mainly resulted to zero grazing practice as farms are quite small.
Results concerning breeds kept indicated a ratio of 3:1 of Local Breeds to Cross Breeds.
The numbers of Pure Exotic Breeds was more or less insignificant with an overall mention of
only 3%, least in Kiboga at 2% and most in Luweero at 4%.
Area
Breeds of Cattle Kept TOTAL Masindi Kiboga Luwero
BASE: Total Sample 300 100 98 102
%
Pure Breed 3 3 2 4
Cross Breed 33 28 42 28
Indigenous 91 98 89 85
On milk production, farmers claimed to produce an average of 25 litres with sales of up to
18.7 litres per day. Among the three study sites, Masindi had the highest milk production
and sales volumes, followed by Kiboga.
Area
TOTA
Milk production and sale L Masindi Kiboga Luwero
[Q4c1] Total (average) number of litres produced
per day (Mean) 25.1 33.1 26.1 16
[Q4d] Total (average) number of litres sold per
day (Mean) 18.7 27.5 17.4 10.6
Difference 6.4 5.6 8.7 5.4
Most farmers (78%) were found owning in excess of 5 acres of land. Amongst the study
sites, Luweero had the largest proportion of farmers (34%) with 5 acres and below, while in
Kiboga only 12% had 5 acres and below. However, regardless of the size most farmers
indicated that they use ¾ to almost all their land for dairy farming/ cattle keeping as shown
in the Table below:
Area
Farm Sizes TOTAL Masindi Kiboga Luwero
BASE: Total Sample 300 100 98 102
%
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14. Less than a quarter 9 1 8 18
Between a ¼ - ½ 20 18 24 19
Between a ½ - ¾ 40 47 42 32
Almost all 30 34 26 31
To test the significance of dairy production, farmers were asked what proportion of their
income came from dairy farming. Results showed that dairy contributes 31-50% of their total
income as shown in the table below:
Area
Dairy contribution to HH income TOTAL Masindi Kiboga Luweero
BASE: Total Sample 300 100 98 102
Less than 10% 12 3 21 12
11-30% 18 8 20 25
31-50% 40 47 42 32
51-70% 20 30 11 20
71-90% 20 19 19 23
Above 90% 14 23 13 6
Market profiles
Changes Farmers are likely to undertake
Farmers were asked what changes they were likely to undertake on their farms. Results
showed the 72% of the farmers were already planning to undertake changes on their farms.
The highest ranked change farmers wanted to undertake was improvement of breeds
reared through cross breeding and artificial insemination which was rated at 67% followed
by the desire to increase the herd size (56%), improving access to veterinary services (55%)
and improvement in knowledge on dairy farming (40%). See full list below:
Changes farmers are likely to undertake Masindi Kiboga Luwero
BASE: All plan to change 215 57 83 75
%
Improve breeding / breed of cattle through breeding methods / use AI 67 77 71 56
Enlarge size of herd / Buy more cattle 56 79 57 39
Improve the veterinary treatment / drugs used on cattle 55 68 66 32
Improve my knowledge about dairy farming 40 51 49 20
Buy farm equipments 33 44 30 27
Group together with other farmers / join association / join coop / 24 30 30 13
Get more money for my milk through changing buyer (general) 23 35 24 12
Improve the management of my dairy as a business 21 21 29 13
Grouping with other farmers to get a better price 20 30 25 7
Improve feed through growing better / more feed 18 9 11 32
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15. Improve the quality of my milk / improve my milk handling skills 18 23 20 12
Get more money for my milk through increasing price 17 47 6 7
Change feeding to zero grazing 11 9 12 11
All the improvement aspirations were rated in terms of certainty of the farmers undertaking
them. Results obtained generally depict the farmers more positive about issues that are
within their sphere of influence. This result shows a general positive attitude of the farmers
to change. There are generally few responses in the category ‘some what likely to make
improvement’ which would depict a non committal attitude to change. The full result by
various changes is depicted in the figure below:
Definitely will do so have firm plans in place Very likely to make this improvement
Somewhat likely to make this improvement
Improve transport / invest in transport n=18 6 50 44
Improve feed storage methods n=9 11 78 11
Improve the management of my dairy as a business n=46 17 54 28
Grouping with other farmers to get cheaper inputs n=14 21 57 21
Change feeding to zero grazing n=23 26 48 26
Improve feed by buying supplements n=88 27 45 27
Improve the quality of my milk / improve my milk handling skills
31 62 8
n=39
Group together with other farmers / join association / join coop /
31 50 19
join producer group n=52
Improve technology n=20 35 45 20
Get more money for my milk through changing buyer (general)
35 57 8
n=49
Grouping with other farmers to get a better price n=53 37 40 23
Get more money for my milk through increasing price n=37 38 54 8
Buy farm equipments n=70 39 53 9
Improve the veterinary treatment / drugs used on cattle n=118 46 47 8
Enlarge size of herd / Buy more cattle n=121 50 43 7
Improve my knowledge about dairy farming n=85 53 27 20
Improve building n=13 54 23 23
Improve breeding / breed of cattle through breeding methods /
54 37 8
use AI n=145
Improve feed through growing better / more feed n=38 58 34 8
Awareness and frequency of use of the services
The regularity of use of the different services available to the farmers was investigated.
Results show that the most purchased services across the three study sites are veterinary
treatment services, vaccination and products such as mineral supplements, sprays and
disinfectants. In Kiboga (21%) and Masindi (30%) there was mention of purchases related to
information/ training on Animal Husbandry while in Masindi had a reasonable proportion
(20%) mentioning purchase of market information. The full general result is shown in the
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16. figure below:
Aware Used Inadequate No times pst
Ever Purchased in
nowadays Amount 12 months
purchased P12M
Veterinary
51
treatment services 99 98 96
76 8
Veterinary
97 74 50
vaccination 98 96 5
Insecticides & tick 27
93 99 86 30
sprays 97
Mineral 63 34 26
78 78 73
supplements
Artificial 59 8 2 71 5
5
Insemination (AI)
Milk coolers 59 0 55 7
4 1
Disinfectants - for 13
25 47
cleaning and 56 44 35
sterilizing
Information/training 51
44 18 8 3
on animal 14
husbandry
The result also highlighted the occasional nature of some services in dairy management
such as artificial insemination, whereas awareness was above average (59%), purchases
were low but adequate (71%). The overriding reason on non use of services and products
was the level of expense involved in the use of the various available services.
It is important to note that rating on information on dairy markets was highest in terms of
farmers not knowing where to get it, while the frequently used products like sprays and
disinfectants had quality issues. The full result is depicted in Figure below:
Information on dairy markets 100
Milk coolers n=14 64 21 7 7
Insecticides & tick sprays n=4 50 50
Disinfectants - for cleaning and sterilizing n=3 67 33
Veterinary vaccination n=13 69 31
Veterinary treatment services n=9 78 22
Artificial Insemination (AI) n=6 67 33
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Too expensive Dont know where to get Quality Services are too far Refused 16
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17. Constraints in the market for the services
To understand both the demand and supply side constraints that are occurring in the market
farmers were asked what problems they experienced with their dairy enterprises. The ranks
of the various problems are shown in the table below:
Key challenges faced by Dairy
Farmers TOTAL Masindi Kiboga Luwero
BASE: Total Sample 300 100 98 102
%
Unaffordable animal health
services- treatment, vaccination
and drugs 47 61 53 28
Unreliable animal health services-
treatment, vaccination and drugs 38 31 56 26
Low milk prices 37 35 44 31
Disease outbreaks 31 43 23 27
Inaccessible roads 30 30 51 11
Fluctuating milk prices 24 28 29 16
High transport cost 22 37 18 10
Poor climatic conditions 22 15 30 21
Delayed milk payments 19 37 14 5
Exploitation by middle men 18 19 23 11
Inaccessible loan facilities 17 16 32 5
Unavailability of milk cooling facility 16 23 22 4
Lack of adequate foliage e.g.
grass, Napier grass etc 12 7 14 15
Inadequate foliage e.g. grass,
Napier grass etc 11 5 15 14
Insecurity 11 6 13 13
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18. Satisfaction with the service
From the results obtained in this survey the levels of satisfaction exhibited by farmers on
various services they had consumed was high across various services and products as
shown in the figure below:
Completely satisf ied Partly satisf ied Not at all satisf ied
Seeds to grow feed n=7 29 43 29
Milk collection/bulking n=22 58 8 33
Artificial Insemination (AI) n=24 58 8 33
Information on dairy markets n=31 61 32 6
Milk advance payments or credit services n=15 60 27 13
Information/training on animal husbandry n=55 67 18 15
Veterinary vaccination n=294 67 24 9
Veterinary treatment services n=295 66 28 5
Metal milk churns n=17 82 6 12
Milk coolers n=11 82 9 9
Milk testing kits n=32 78 16 6
Disinfectants - for cleaning and sterilizing n=131 82 11 8
Insecticides & tick sprays n=298 83 16 1
Supplementary feeds n=32 84 6 9
Mineral supplements n=234 86 12 1
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 18
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
19. Awareness and understanding of the services
Farmers across the three sites were aware and familiar with the benefits of some key
services. However, despite high awareness on AI Services only a few claimed to be familiar
with its benefits. Further availability and affordability of AI was rated too low. It is also worth
noting that almost an insignificant number of respondents consider AI as one of the most
important services.
Not
Completely affordable Most
Aware familiar with Easily Very strongly even after important
benefit of needed
(n=300) available saving up overall
needed
Veterinary treatment services 99 77 60 91 32 36
Veterinary vaccination 97 78 57 92 29 15
Insecticides & tick sprays 93 94 78 86 22 27
Mineral supplements 78 88 63 80 20 8
Artificial Insemination (AI) 59 13 51 2
27 37
Milk coolers 59 34 21 55 53 5
Disinfectants - for cleaning and 56 67 48 57 25 5
Information/training on animal 44 30 23 50 39 1
Milk testing kits 39 27 24 22 60
Supplementary feeds 34 52 21 42 44
Information on dairy markets 33 25 53 1
Metal milk churns 32 33 15 31 73
Milk collection/bulking 32 34 22 43 42
Milk advance payments or credit 23 29 49 41 1
Base:
Chuff Cutters 17 30 16 24 41
all
Hay bailers 11 9 12 18 25
Market access
The dairy market for farmers in the study sites is highly segmented with very many market
players. The main market players however are:
1. Homes; this is when farmers directly supply milk to homes. Although this is not a
preferred market (rated 31% for least preferred). It is a market that farmers recognize
has an all round demand. Qualitative Interviews revealed that the main problem with
this market is that sales are on credit and recovery is often very difficult.
2. The other significant market players are the Hawkers; these are middle men between
the towns and the remote villages where the milk is produced. This option was
ranked highest in terms of least preference (38%) for reasons that have been
discussed in the previous section. It is important to recognize that they also present a
constant source of demand for milk (40%) and it is to them that farmers usually sell.
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 19
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
20. 3. Farmers recognize that the Cooling Plant is a potential market option (47%) and
actually rated it the most preferred buyer (40%), but as discussed earlier existing
plants are unreliable and are few with limited capacity.
Usually sells to Buys most often Least preferred
Could sell to Preferred buyer
buyer
Direct to homes
68 44 15 10 31
Hawker
66 54 50 11 38
Cooling Plant
47 7 3 40 3
Direct to institutions
33 10 2 8 1
Farmers’ cooperative/group
28 5 3 13 1
Milk bar 23 11 5 1 4
Broker at farm gate 16 9 6 3 6
Bulking center 12 2 1 2 2
Processor 7 1 1 1
Apart from buying milk, farmers were asked what other services they received from milk
buyers and what extra service, if any, they wanted. The result shows that farmers are
interested in an all-round market player, one who not only buys but offers other services as
well. Services currently offered and those desired are shown below:
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 20
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
21. Services required Services received
4
Animal health services- treatment, vaccination and drugs 39
11
Milk collection from the farm or near farm 30
6
Advance on milk payments 27
9
Information on market prices 21
4
Training on animal husbandry 19
5
Delivery/Transport of farm inputs and animal feeds 15
0
AI services 13
2
Animal feeds/supplements 11
0
Farm inputs - seeds, fertilizer 11
To clearly understand the dynamics of this service delivery that is piggy backed onto milk
purchases - farmers were asked whether they usually paid for the extra services they got
from milk buyers. Results show that for most services there was no payment except where it
involved Animal Health Services and Feeds/ Supplements or Milk Collections and
Advances. The result is shown below:
Yes No
Delivery/Transport of farm inputs and animal feeds n=15 100
Information on market prices n=27 100
Training on animal husbandry n=12 100
Animal health services- treatment, vaccination and drugs
18 82
n=11
Milk collection from the farm or near farm n=34 9 91
Animal feeds/supplements n=6 33 67
Advance on milk payments n=19 11 89
Forty two percent of the farmers involved in survey felt they were getting very little
information on where they can sell their milk. In Kiboga half of the respondents felt they
were getting very little while in Luwero, the majority (57%) of the farmers felt they were
getting just enough.
Feeling about the information on where to sell milk TOTAL Masindi Kiboga Luwero
BASE: Total Sample 300 100 98 102
%
Very little 42 43 51 32
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 21
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
22. Just enough 46 47 35 57
A lot 12 10 14 11
Farmers indicated they are currently transacting on credit terms where milk buyers pay them
after a specified time (65%). However, their preferred mode was cash on delivery with their
milk buyers (62%).
Payment modes TOTAL Masindi Kiboga Luwero
BASE: Total Sample 300 100 98 102
%
Paid cash on delivery 28 21 32 30
Paid in cash after a specified period 65 69 61 65
Cash deposited to a financial institution 0 - - 1
Barter - exchange milk for other services 1 - 4 -
Cooling Plant
Awareness of existing Cooling Plants was low with only 22% of the respondents claiming to
be at least aware of a Cooling Plant.
Cooling Plant awareness TOTAL Masindi Kiboga Luwero
BASE: Total Sample 300 100 98 102
%
Yes 22 31 23 12
No 78 69 77 88
Some of the Cooling Plants mentioned include:
• Bruban Cooling Plant
• Mpora dairy
• LC III chairman
• Samayi
• Kibogo dairy
• Hajji briham Cooling Plant
• Kasima Cooling Plant
• Nalukonge dairy
• Bwayale milk cooler
• Kyakulogire
• Fresh dairy
• Nyamata dairy
• Kyenja
• Bukwiri dairy
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 22
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
23. • Kiwarabwi dairy
Farmers mentioned that they preferred to have the services depicted below offered at the
Cooling Plant:
AI services 19%
Animal feeds 22%
Farm inputs - seeds, fertilizer 24%
vaccination and drugs 44%
Training on animal husbandry 58%
Milk collection from the farm or near farm 60%
Information on market prices 69%
Credit facility 69%
Animal health services- treatment and prevention 83%
Asked how they would feel if they were asked to pay for the desired services, they all
answered in the affirmation at no less than 90%. Qualitative interviews revealed that farmers
are convinced that services that would be availed at a common point at the Cooling Plant
would be of quality and at rates well known to every one.
Information and training needs
From amongst all the farmers included in the survey only 24% claimed that they had all the
skills and information that one would need to be a good dairy farmer. This proportion was
highest in Luweero (31%), followed by Kiboga (26%) and in Masindi those attesting were
only 14%. To further understand this situation, farmers were asked the aspects of dairy
farming where they felt they needed more information. The result is depicted below:
Base: Total sample n=300
Record keeping Buyers 25%
Public health issues and requirements 25%
Awareness of government policies 25%
New animal feeds 26%
Buyers 30%
Dairy farm record keeping 38%
Cattle breeding 46%
Improvement of milk production 51%
Milk prices 56%
Drug administration 62%
Disease identification, treatment and prevention 72%
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 23
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
24. From the issues highlighted above, it is apparent that most dairy farmers have a rural
background and lack exposure to modern dairy management practices. Information required
on services and products reflects none appreciation of issues like record keeping that are
critical to enterprise development and management. In addition, only 19% of the farmers
attested that they had received useful information about dairy farming in the past 12
months. The areas in which this information was received are depicted below:
Awareness of government policies 7%
Buyers 9%
Record keeping 12%
Dairy farm record keeping 14%
Milk prices 16%
Cattle breeding 19%
New animal feeds 21%
Public health issues and requirements 23%
Improvement of milk production 30%
Drug administration 42%
Disease identification, treatment and prevention 72%
The common channels of obtaining information are Government Extension Workers and
fellow farmers. This finding points to a few and weak private sector actors in the dairy
sector, especially with regard to responding to information and training needs. The full result
on information sources by category of information is shown in the figure below:
Media Farmers Extension Worker (GOV)
Buyer Supplier NGO
Milk prices n=9 22 11 44 11 11
Buyers n=5 40 20 20 20
Record keeping n=7 14 29 43 14
Improvement of milk production n=17 6 18 29 6 24 18
Public health issues and requirements n=13 8 38 38 23
Awareness of government policies n=4 100
Cattle breeding n=11 64 18 9 9
Disease identification, treatment and prevention n=41 12 5 49 20 15
Drug administration n=24 4 71 29
New animal feeds n=12 17 42 42
Dairy farm record keeping n=8 50 38 13
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 24
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
25. Taking from the result above on information and information sources; the result (figure
below) on adequacy of information has to be taken with caution. Qualitative evidence
obtained in the survey suggests that given the remoteness of the sites farmers feel that
what they are receiving is adequate in the circumstances. However the reality of the
situation is that some farmers take months on end without interacting with any information
source except for the numerous FM stations, fellow farmers and milk buyers. The result on
adequacy of channels is shown below:
Adequate Inadequate Paid by self
Milk prices n=9 78 22 33
Buyers n=5 20 80
Record keeping n=7 86 14 29
Improvement of milk production n=17 53 47 35
Public health issues and requirements n=13 46 54 38
Awareness of government policies n=11 50 50 25
Cattle breeding n=11 64 36 27
Disease identification, treatment and
56 44 46
prevention n=41
Drug administration n=24 63 38 63
New animal feeds n=12 75 25 25
Dairy farm record keeping n=8 50 50 63
The survey also sought to establish whether farmers keep their own records at the farm.
Results show that few farmers only 22% keep some records on their farmers; amongst the
records kept most are milk sales (66%), followed by treatment and vaccination records
(63%) and others are shown in the table below:
AI services records 2%
Feeds record 2%
Milk production 54%
Yes,
No, 22 Record on animal births 58%
78
Treatment and vaccination records 63%
Milk sales 66%
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 25
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
26. From Qualitative Interviews and the farm visits conducted in the course of the survey, it
emerged that although farmers tried to keep records there are problems being experienced:
1. The quality of records kept is poor. The records lack clarity in content; it’s hard for
one to follow them without the assistance of the person who wrote the records.
2. In addition ordinary school books are used to keep records which do not last long
and easily get lost or spoilt.
As a consequence of this situation only 32% of the farmers attested to knowing the
profitability of their dairy farming activities.
Technology and product development
Most farmers attested to owning mobile phones (69%). To follow up on how this technology
can be innovatively used, farmers were asked the types of information they would like to
access on their phones through SMS alerts; and assuming the information was trustworthy,
relevant and up to date. The most desired piece of information was on disease alerts and
milk prices as shown in the figure below. These were also the services that the majority of
them indicated high willingness to pay for.
Milk rejected at processor level to inform farmer 3
6
Quantity of milk supplied 11
15
Market for breeds 16
20
Availability of new products and services 26
29
Availability of milk payments 26
31
New market opportunities 28
36
Sale of cows 34
38
Trainings/field days/dairy farming workshops 35
41
New markets 43
45
Access to loans 45
47
Milk prices 72
73
Cow disease alerts 74
76
Information would be ready to pay for
Information would like to access through a mobile phone
It should be noted that there is a phone mismatch between phone ownership and
competence to use the various functions of the phone. Qualitative results agree with the
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 26
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
27. quantitative findings that there many phone owners but also allude to the fact that for most
farmers it’s the phone calls that matter and many are not conversant with SMS usage. This
finding is consistent with the relatively low literacy and formal education levels in the study
sites. Thus the use of mobile phones would involve embedding an element of training for
farmers on various phone applications. It was suggested though that this would not be mass
training but rather seed training where a few trained would teach the others and a multiplier
effect would take care of this limitation.
Finance
Nearly all dairy farming operations both productive and sales are financed through private
incomes and savings. Results show that 89% of the farmers would like to obtain lump sum
money to develop their dairy farming. Several known sources of finance were enumerated
by farmers and most the prominent were cooperative savings and credit (24%), followed by
Banks (18%) and Cooling Plants (17%). Microfinance institutions were mentioned at 12% as
shown in Figure 19 below:
No
Fa m il y/frie s o u rce , 4
n ds , 1 4
Ba n ks , 1 8
C o o p e ra ti v
C o o lin g e SAC C O ,
p la n t , 1 7 24
Micro
N GOs , 5 fin a n ce
i n s titu tio n s
Su p pl ie rs , , 12
1
Policy and Advocacy
There are hardly any noticeable policies and advocacy initiatives that are currently taking
place in the dairy industry that are known by the farmers. In the qualitative interviews there
was ignorance of the operations of the diary development authority which as a national body
responsible for growth and development of the dairy sector. How ever the following issues
came up as important for policy and advocacy initiatives:
1. The drive to transform dairy farming from herd size to individual stock productivity.
This is a lead policy and advocacy issue because currently farmers mostly keep local
breeds of cattle. These are low yielding and yet require a lot of space for grazing.
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 27
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
28. This effectively translates into erratic highly seasonal milk incomes. This will move
many farmers from looking at milk as an incidental product to an intentioned product.
2. Farmers also suggested that the rules by the National Drug Authority that require
fixed premises for suppliers of certain requirements that are essential for them are
limiting access to certain services.
3. Farmers are suspicious of the operations of Cooperatives. This impart is explained by
the history of the Cooperative Movement in Uganda but also by the fact that many of
them indicated that they had lost savings and contributions to unscrupulous
Cooperative Schemes. This was particularly expressed in Luweero where farmers
said they wanted to see the Chilling Plant in place then they would buy into it.
Unmet demand and market opportunities
From the farmers the following are priority unmet demands which represent market
opportunities:
1. There is clearly an unmet demand for artificial insemination services. Improved herd
quality will ultimately result in increased production of milk and this is the underlying
driver for the development of the sector.
2. Milk collection and bulking is characterized by hawkers who increase the market
chain at the cost of farmers. They have limited and unreliable capacity. This
represents a market opportunity for strategically placed Chilling Plants which are
essential for stable milk supply and longevity.
3. For BDS related services, demand is generally skewed towards Production Support
Services and not Sales Support Services. This is limiting income opportunities that
would arise from knowledge of the market.
Key demand side constraints and opportunities
The following are the key demand side constraints that represent opportunities for BDS:
1. Limited and fluctuating incomes are the key demand side constraint. This is
essentially a result of farmers having low-unstable milk production which is supplied
to an unpredictable milk market. The farmers hardly have any influence in the milk
value chain. This presents an opportunity for BDS through seeking to empower
farmers under a cooperative arrangement.
2. There are few suppliers; and, hardly any institutionalized. Thus even though farmers
are constrained by incomes the services offered by the current caliber of suppliers
are not competitive both in quality and price and this presents an opportunity for more
market entrants to stimulate a competitive market environment.
3. Farmers simply do not know the wide range of services and the benefits that would
accrue to consuming those services. This is evident in the mentions of what is
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 28
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
29. accessed and what is desired. This presents an opportunity for enlightening farmers
on the range of services and benefits.
Business Development Services that address those constraints and opportunities
The following Business Development Services would be critical in responding to the
constraints and opportunities highlighted above:
1. Facilitating the acquisition of chilling/ Cooling Plants; these respond to multiple
constraints and opportunities including milk collection and bulking plus the market
distortions created by milk hawkers and would enhance access to a stable predictable
milk market. Facilitation here might be realized through cost recovery where the
infrastructure is put in place and then the cost recovered as farmers buy into the plant.
2. Specialized dairy farming services like artificial insemination need a high level of
investment and need partnership with local government providers under specific
memoranda of understanding for purposes of maintaining quality which will attract
paid demand which is currently lacking. The capacity to deliver this service exists and
farmers are willing to pay but the discord is with the quality of semen and this is the
point of intervention.
3. Farmers need information and training. Dairy production is generally rudimentary.
Demand and supply decisions are not balanced, farmers simply do not know the
range of various services and how these can enhance productivity. This aspect ties in
to the issues of information and innovative product development - if ignorance is high
then not much can be accomplished. This needs to be overcome.
Specific policy constraints that are affecting MSE product markets
Field findings showed that specific policy constraints on dairy products from medium and
small enterprises concern milk and milk products standards and manifest in the following:
1. In Uganda some standards exist; however, both suppliers and consumers were not
aware of these standards and how they were developed. And, these are limited in
scope plus they do not cover on farm primary dairy production practices.
2. The most commonly known issue on standards was amongst transporters. They
claimed that they were banned from transporting milk in plastic Jerry Cans and yet
the cost of Churns was prohibitory. However this also had an enforcement problem
as Hawkers operating Motor Bikes were not adhering to this and continued using
plastic Jerry Cans which have problems with maintaining the safety and quality of
milk.
3. In Uganda, it is common for milk to be vended in polythene bags in evening markets.
This kind of milk is often adulterated and cheap and presents a public health and
safety hazard.
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 29
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30. Supplier diagnostic by location
Existing providers/ services and their locations
Type of Location
organization
Business Name Private Sub- Trading Services provided
comm… location centre
Ezinabala * Luwero T/C Luwero Treatment; Tick spray;
Mineral supplement
Luwero Farmers * Luwero Luwero Treatment; Tick spray;
shop Mineral supplement
Ssosolye * Luwero T/C Luwero Treatment; Tick spray;
Mineral supplement
Kikyusa Vet Drug * Kikyusa Veterinary vaccination;
shop Veterinary treatment
services
Bulemezi * Luwero Treatment; Tick spray
Town and Mineral feeds
Banabukalasa * Wobulenzi Wobulenzi Treatment; Vaccination
Farm Supply and Minerals
Las Enterprises * Wobulenzi Wobulenzi Treatment, Sprays and
Minerals, salts etc
No business name Luwero Treatment, Vaccination
specified and Spraying
Vet Point Clinic * Katikamu Wobulenzi Treatment, Sprays and
Minerals salts etc
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 30
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
31. A workable data base of the BDS actors
A workable data base of these BDS providers is attached to this report (Annexes/Databases).
BDS suppliers interviewed
WHOLESALE
OR RETAIL?
Retail Both
SUPPLIER NAME BUSINESS NAME P. O. BOX ROAD/ STREET TOWN/ CENTRE Nature of Business Count Count
ANIMAL LIFE KIGUMBA MASINDI Private Owned
SVS ROAD 1 0
BIKYENKYA PIONEER FARM KIJUJUMBA Private Owned
HENRY SUP ROAD 0 1
BISASO AGALI AWAMU NGOMA ROAD KIWOKO Private Owned
IBRAHIM VET 1 0
BYAMUKAMA YIGA BYAMU 71 KIBOGA HOIMA ROAD KIBOGA TOWN Private Owned
ANNET 1 0
DAVIS BWIRE VALID DRUG 64 KLA-GULU BWEYALE Private Owned
SHOP BWEYALE 1 0
DENIS KABWANGU VET 7 KIBOGA HOIMA ROAD KIBOGA Private Owned
ANTHONY SHO 1 0
DR.ATICOLO JRA VET ZAZA KIBOGA Private Owned
PARTNERS 1 0
JAMES COP VET ALONG BWEYALE Private Owned
HIGHWAY 1 0
KATORONGO KATORONGO NTOOMA T C NTOOMA TC Private Owned
VET SH 1 0
KISAKYE ENKUMBI WOBULENZI KIKYUSA Private Owned
MARGARET BWEBUGAG ROAD 1 0
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 31
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32. MAHOORO NTOOMA VET NTOOMA TC NTOOMA Private Owned
KELLEN 1 0
MANDE JOYCE REDEEMER VET BWEYALE TC BWEYALE Private Owned
CON 0 1
MOHOORO NTOOMA VET NTOOMA NTOOMA Private Owned
KELLY 1 0
MR. KALULE LAS 34 K'LA WOBULENZI Private Owned
ENTERPRISES WOBULENZI LUWEERO RD 1 0
MR.KAMULASI TOMKY VET KIBOGA HOIMA KIBOGA Private Owned
TOM DRG SH RD 1 0
NABULYA JANE EZINABALA VET KIKUBO LUWEERO Private Owned
CE TOWN 1 0
NABUNYA SOSOLYE VET LUWERO PARK LUWERO Private Owned
HARIET DRG 1 0
NALONGO VET POINT OFF KLA WOBULENZI Private Owned
CLINIC LUWERO RD 1 0
NANSEREKO HAJJA FARM NGOMA ROAD KIWOKO Private Owned
HARIET SUPPL 1 0
NDAWULA KIKYUSA VET KIKYUSA MAIN KIKYUSA Private Owned
RONALD SHOP 1 0
NDORI JULIUS NJ VET DRUG KIGANZI ROAD KIBOGA TOWN Private Owned
SHOP 1 0
SENTONGO DAN LUW FARMERS KIKUUBO LUWEERO Private Owned
SHOP 1 0
SUNDAY G. KATUGO VET KATUGO ROAD KATUGO T/C Private Owned
TUGUME CENTR 1 0
TUMWINE BWEYALE VET 98 BWEYALE TC BWEYALE Private Owned
ARNOLD SHOP BWEYALE
TWEHEYO AGRO VET NTANGA MASINDI TOWN Private Owned
GASHOM DRUG SH STREET 1 0
WALULYA WAL FARM KASIISO ROAD KASANA Private Owned
MUKASA 1 0
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 32
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
33. FIXED
OR
MOBILE
BUSINE IF FIXED,
SS PERMAN
HOW OLD IS PERMANENT CASUAL PREMIS ENT OR
BUSINESS? EMPLOYEES EMPLOYEES ES? SEMI?
n= Le Se
counts ss Betw Ov Fix mi -
tha een er ed Per
n 1 1-2 2 pre Per ma
SUPPLI ye year ye mis Bot man nen
ER ar s ars 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 es h ent t
NAME n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
BIKYEN
KYA
HENRY 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
BISASO
IBRAHI
M 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
BYAMU
KAMA
ANNET 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
DAVIS
BWIRE 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
DENIS
ANTHO
NY 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
DR.ATIC
OLO 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
JAMES 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
KATOR
ONGO 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
KISAKY
E
MARGA
RET 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
MAHOO
RO
KELLEN 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
MANDE
JOYCE 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
MOHOO
RO 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 33
FIT RESOURCES JANUARY 2009
34. KELLY
MR.
KALULE 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
MR.KAM
ULASI
TOM 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
NABULY
A JANE 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
NABUN
YA
HARIET 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
NALON
GO 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
NANSE
REKO
HARIET 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
NDAWU
LA
RONAL
D 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
NDORI
JULIUS 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
SENTO
NGO
DAN 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
SUNDA
Y G.
TUGUM
E 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
TUMWI
NE
ARNOL
D 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
TWEHE
YO
GASHO
M 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
WALUL
YA
MUKAS
A 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
Total 1 5 20 5 10 5 4 19 4 1 1 22 3 22 1
FINAL REPORT FOR BDS DIAGNOSTIC IN UGANDA 34
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