3. 3
Tenerife:
Tenerife is the largest and most populated island of the
seven Canary Islands. It is also the most populated island
of Spain, with a land area of 2,034.38 square kilometres
and 904,713 inhabitants, 43 percent of the total population
of the Canary Islands. Tenerife is the largest and most
populous island of Macaronesia.
Approximately five million tourists visit Tenerife each
year, making it the most visited island of the archipelago.
It is one of the most important tourist destinations in
Spain.
4. 4
Poland:
Poland - officially the Republic of Poland, is a country
located in Central Europe. It is divided into 16
administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696
square kilometres. With a population of approximately
38.5 million people, Poland is the sixth most populous
member state of the European Union. Poland's capital and
largest metropolis is Warsaw. Other major cities include
Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk, and Szczecin.
Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and
Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north, Belarus and
Ukraine to the east, Slovakia and the Czech Republic to
the south, and Germany to the west.
5. 5
Climate & Weather of
Tenerife
Tenerife is known internationally for its warm and
pleasant climate, as the "Island of Eternal Spring". The
island enjoys a warm tropical climate with an average of
18–24 °C in the winter and 24–28 °C in the summer. It has
a high annual total of days of sunshine, and low
precipitation in all but the mountain areas. The
moderating effect of the marine air makes extreme heat a
rare occurrence and frost an impossibility at sea level.
The lowest recorded temperature in downtown Santa Cruz
is 8.1 °C, the coldest month on record still had a relatively
mild average temperature of 15.8 °C Summer
temperatures are highest in August, with an average high
of 29 °C in Santa Cruz, similar to those of places as far
north as Barcelona and Majorca, because of the greater
6. 6
Climate & Weather of
Poland
The climate is mostly temperate throughout the country. The
climate is oceanic in the north and west and becomes
gradually warmer and continental towards the south and east.
Summers are generally warm, with average temperatures
between 18 and 30 °C. Winters are rather cold. Precipitation
falls throughout the year.
The warmest region in Poland is Lower Silesia. The warmest
cities in Poland are Tarnów in Lesser Poland, and Wrocław in
Lower Silesia. The coldest region of Poland is in the northeast
in the Podlaskie Voivodeship near the borders with Belarus
and Lithuania. Usually the coldest city is Suwałki. The climate
is affected by cold fronts which come from Scandinavia and
Siberia. The biggest impact of the oceanic climate is observed
in Świnoujście and Baltic Sea seashore area from Police to
Słupsk.
7. 7
Administrative division of both countries
Poland consists of 16 voivodships:
-Małopolskie -Podlaskie
-Wielkopolskie -Opolskie
-Śląskie - Mazowieckie
-Dolnośląskie -Lubuskie
-Łódzkie -Lubelskie
-Pomorskie -Kujawsko-
Pomorskie
-Zachodniopomorskie
-Warmińsko-Mazurskie
- Świętokrzyskie
-Podkarpackie
Tenerife consists of 31 municipalities:
-Adeje -Arafo -Vilaflor -Tegueste
-Arico -Arona -Tacoronte
-Buenavista del Norte -Candelaria
-El Rosario -El Sauzal -Puerto de la
Cruz
-El Tanque -Fasnia -Los Silos
-Garachico -Granadilla de Abona
-Guía de Isora -Güímar -Los
Realejos
-Icod de los Vinos -La Guancha
-Santiago del Teide -Santa Úrsula
-Santa Cruz de Tenerife -La Victoria de
Acentejo
-San Miguel de Abona -La Matanza
de Acentejo
-San Juan de la Rambla -La Orotava
-San Cristóbal de La Laguna
8. 8
Geology of Tenerife
Tenerife is a rugged and volcanic island sculpted by
successive eruptions throughout its history. There are
four historically recorded volcanic eruptions, none of
which has led to casualties. The first occurred in 1704,
when the Arafo, Fasnia and Siete Fuentes volcanoes
erupted simultaneously. Two years later, in 1706, the
greatest eruption occurred at Trevejo. This volcano
produced great quantities of lava which buried the city
and port of Garachico. The last eruption of the 18th
century happened in 1798 at Cañadas de Teide, in
Chahorra. Finally, and most recently, in 1909 that formed
the Chinyero cinder cone, in the municipality of Santiago
del Teide, erupted.
9. 9
Geology of Poland
The geological structure of Poland has been shaped by
the continental collision of Europe and Africa over the
past 60 million years and, more recently, by the
Quaternary glaciations of northern Europe. Both
processes shaped the Sudetes and the Carpathian
Mountains. The moraine landscape of northern Poland
contains soils made up mostly of sand or loam, while the
ice age river valleys of the south often contain loess. The
Polish Jura, the Pieniny, and the Western Tatras consist
of limestone, while the High Tatras, the Beskids, and the
Karkonosze are made up mainly of granite and basalts.
The Polish Jura Chain has some of the oldest rock
formation on the continent of Europe.
10. 10
Tenerife without rivers:
The volcanic ground of Tenerife, which is of a porous and
permeable character, is generally the reason why the soil
is able to maximise the absorption of water on an island
of low rainfall, with condensation in forested areas and
frost deposition on the summit of the island also
contributory causes.
Given the irregularity of precipitation and geological
conditions on the island, dam construction has been
avoided, so most of the water (90%) comes from wells and
from water galleries (Horizontal tunnels bored into the
volcano) of which there are thousands on the island,
important systems that serve to extract its hydrological
resources.
11. 11
The longest rivers in
Poland:
Vistula 1047km
Oder 854 km
Warta 808km
Bug 772km
Narew 484km
San 458km
Noteć 391km
Pilica 319km
Wieprz 303km
Dunajec 247km
12. 12
Water area in Poland
Poland has access to the Baltic Sea. Ten largest Polish lakes
are:
-Śniardwy -Jeziorak
-Mamry -Niegocin
-Łebsko - Gardno
-Dąbie -Jamno
-Miedwie - Wigry
13. 13
Fauna in Poland
Many animals that have since died out in other parts of Europe still survive in Poland, such as
the wisent in the ancient woodland of the Białowieża Forest and in Podlaskie. Other such
species include the brown bear in Białowieża, in the Tatras, and in the Beskids, the gray wolf
and the Eurasian lynx in various forests, the moose in northern Poland, and the beaver in
Masuria, Pomerania, and Podlaskie.
In the forests there are game animals, such as red deer, roe deer and wild boar. In eastern
Poland there are a number of ancient woodlands, like Białowieża forest, that have never been
cleared or disturbed much by people. There are also large forested areas in the mountains,
Masuria, Pomerania, Lubusz Land and Lower Silesia.
Poland is host to the largest white stork population in Europe.
Poland is the most important breeding ground for a variety of European migratory birds. One
quarter of the global population of white storks live in Poland.
Poland has historically been home to the two largest European species of mammals — wisent
(żubr) and aurochs (tur). Both survived in Poland longer than anywhere else. The last aurochs of
Europe became extinct in 1627, in the Jaktorów Forest, while European wood bisons survived
until the 20th century only in the Białowieża Forest, but have been reintroduced to other
countries since.
14. 14
Flora in Poland
Forests cover about 30.5% of Poland's land area based on
international standards. Its overall percentage is still
increasing. Forests of Poland are managed by the
national program of reforestation (KPZL), aiming at an
increase of forest-cover to 33% in 2050. The richness of
Polish forest is more than twice as high as European
average (with Germany and France at the top), containing
2.304 billion cubic metres of trees. The largest forest
complex in Poland is Lower Silesian Wilderness.
15. 15
Fauna & Flora in Tenerife
The island of Tenerife has a remarkable ecological diversity in spite of its
small surface area, which is a consequence of the special environmental
conditions on the island, where its distinct orography modifies the general
climatic conditions at a local level, producing a significant variety of
microclimates. This diversity of natural microclimates and, therefore,
habitats, means that a rich and diverse flora (1400 species of plants) exists
on the island, with well over a hundred entirely endemic to Tenerife.
Endemic species include Viper's bugloss, Teide white broom, Teide violet
etc. The fauna of the island has many endemic invertebrates and unique
reptile, bird and mammal species. The fauna of Tenerife includes some 400
species of fish, 56 birds, five reptiles, two amphibians, 13 land mammals
and several thousand invertebrates, along with several species of sea
turtles, whales and dolphins.
About 400 species of fish and several species of sea turtles, whales and
dolphins live in coastal waters. Animals brought from other countries live in
the natural park, including parrots or gorillas.
16. 16
Flora in Tenerife
The vegetation of Tenerife can be divided into six major zones that are directly related to altitude
and the direction in which they face.
Lower xerophytic zone: 0–700 metres (0–2,297 feet). Xerophytic shrubs that are well adapted to
long dry spells, intense sunshine and strong winds. Many endemic species: spurges, cactus
spurge, wax plants (Ceropegia spp.), etc.
Thermophile forest: 200–600 metres (660–1,970 feet). Transition zone with moderate
temperatures and rainfall, but the area has been deteriorated by human activity. Many endemic
species: juniper, dragon trees, palm trees, etc.
Laurel forest: 500–1,000 metres (1,600–3,300 feet). Dense forest of large trees, descendants of
tertiary age flora, situated in a zone of frequent rainfall and mists. A wide variety of species with
abundant undergrowth of bushes, herbaceous plants, and ferns. Laurels, holly, ebony,
mahogany, etc.
Wax myrtle: 1,000–1,500 metres (3,300–4,900 feet). A dryer vegetation, poorer in species. It
replaces the degraded laurel forest. Of great forestry importance. Wax myrtles, tree heath, holly,
etc.
Pine forest: 800–2,000 metres (2,600–6,600 feet). Open pine forest, with thin and unvaried
undergrowth. Canary Island pine, broom, rock rose , etc.
High mountain: over 2,000 metres (6,600 feet). Dry climate, intense solar radiation and extreme
temperatures. Flora well adapted to the conditions.
