1. Vietnam National University, Hanoi
University of Science
Faculty of Environmental Sciences
WATERBORNE DISEASES – A CASE STUDY:
POLIOMYELITIS
Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr. Van-Quy Tran
Members: Thanh-Duong Nguyen
Huyen-Trang Luong
K56 Advanced Undergraduate Program in Environmental Science

2. CONTENTS
1. Introduction of Waterborne Diseases and Poliomyelitis Disease
2. Methodology
3. Status and Symptoms
4. Objects and Causes
5. Consequences
6. Solutions and Recommendations

3. I. Introduction
I.1. Overview of
waterborne
disease
Water-borne diseases
are any illness caused
by drinking water
contaminated by
human or animal
faeces, which contain
pathogenic
microorganisms.
Pathogens include all
major categories:
viruses, bacteria,
protozoa, and
helminths (parasitic
worms).
Waterborne diseases
are the most
important concern
about the quality of
water.
• Especially, in developing
countries four-fifths of all
the illnesses are caused by
water-borne diseases,
because of unsafe water
supply, sanitation and
hygiene.

4. I. Introduction
I.2. Overview of
Poliomyelitis
(polio) diseases
I.2.A.Definition: Polio
is a highly contagious
disease caused by a
virus that attacks the
nervous system.
Children younger than
5 years old are more
likely to contract the
virus than any other
group.
I.2.B.Classification:
There are three types
of polio infections.
Sub-clinical: Approximately 95 % of
polio cases are sub-clinical, and
patients may not experience any
symptoms. This form of polio does
not affect the central nervous system.
Non-paralytic: This form, which does
affect the central nervous system,
produces only mild symptoms and
does not result in paralysis.
Paralytic: This is the rarest and most
serious form of polio, which produces
full or partial paralysis in the patient.
There are three types of paralytic
polio: spinal polio (affects the spine),
bulbar polio (affects the brainstem),
and bulbospinal polio (affects the
spine and brainstem).

5. II. Methodology
1. Searching information from inheriting materials
2. Synthesis and analysis an issue

6. III. Symptoms and Status
•There are three basic patterns of polio infection;
however, most people have subclinical infection, and may
not have symptoms.
•SUBCLINICAL INFECTION SYMPTOMS
•General discomfort or uneasiness (malaise)
•Headache
•Red throat
• Slight fever
•Sore throat
•Vomiting
•People with subclinical polio infection might not have
symptoms, or mild symptoms may last 72 hours or less.
• Clinical poliomyelitis affects the central nervous system
(brain and spinal cord), and is divided into nonparalytic
and paralytic forms. It may occur after recovery from a
subclinical infection.
3.1.
Symptoms

7. III. Symptoms and Status

8. IV. Objects and Causes of Poliomyelitis
Disease
IV.1.Objects:
Pregnant women, people with weakened immune
systems, such as HIV+ people, and young children
IV.2. Causes:
Transmitted from person-to-person through fecal
matter. People living in areas with limited access
to running water or flush toilets often get the
virus from drinking water contaminated by
human waste that contains the virus.
Virus can be spread by contaminated food or
water or direct contact with another infected
person.

9. V. Consequences of Poliomyelitis Disease

10. VI. Solutions and Recommendations
Solutions for
Personal
Protection
Keep
surrounding
environment
and personal
hygiene
Domestic
water and food
sanititation
Injectable
Vaccine or
Oral Vaccine
for Infants,
Children and
Adult
Safety food
processing for
hygiene
 In human fecal they could alive from
days to weeks. They are easily killed by
disinfectants such as: Chloramin B,
H2O2,KMnO4,UV... at 60°C, virus is killed
in 30 minutes.

11. VI. Solutions and recommendations
Solutions for
Treatment
Long-term
rehabilitation(
occupational
therapy, physic
al therapy)
Hydrotherapy,
electrotherapy
, massage and
passive motion
exercises, and
surgical
treatments.
Recommendation for
Responsible Organizations:
Instituting a comprehensive
environmental health program
Applying some methods of
controlling flying species and other
insects
Applying policies on monitoring of
food processing, proper disposal
Contributing projects on protection
of water sources and drinking water
treatment, people immunization

12. VII. Conclusion
Poliomyelitis is a dangerous disease caused by Poliovirus which lead
to terrible consequences such as muscle weakness or acute flaccid
paralysis
It spreads from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route.
Therefore, water sanitation and safety food processing is needed concern
comprehensively.
In Vietnam, Poliomyelitis epidemic has been wiped out by extension
vaccine injection since 1998. Eventhough it is not appeared in wide area
recently, we would prevent ourselves carefully by clean personal hygiene
and vaccine injection.

13. References
 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Tran Van Quy, “Lecture for Water supply and
Wastewater Treatment”, FES- VNU.
 Mark J.Hammer, Mark J.Hammer Jr., 2012, “Water and Wastewater
Treatment 7th edition”, Pearson Education.
 World Health Organization, 2014, “WHO Report for Waterborne
Diseases and Poliomyelitis 2009,2010,2011”, WHO Official Website
http://www.who.int/en/.
 National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 2014, “Successful
Results From Extensive Injection Working”, NIHE Official Website
http://www.nihe.org.vn/default.aspx

14. Thank You For Watching !

15. Appendix