Inside The Atom

Subatomic particles Electron Proton Neutron Name Symbol Charge Relative mass Actual mass (g) e - p + n 0 -1 +1 0 1/1840 1 1 9.11 x 10 -28 1.67 x 10 -24 1.67 x 10 -24

A neutral atom of sodium has 11 protons and 11 electrons When sodium reacts chemically, it typically looses one electron; giving it 11 protons and 10 electrons Remember: each proton has a positive charge + each electron has a negative charge - Sodium ION with 11 protons (11 +) and 10 electrons (10-) Now has a NET charge of (1+)

A neutral atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 17 electrons When chlorine reacts chemically, it typically gains one electron; giving it 17 protons and 18 electrons Remember: each proton has a positive charge + each electron has a negative charge - Chlorine ION with 17 protons (17 +) and 18 electrons (18-) Now has a NET charge of (1-)

A neutral atom of lithium has 3 protons and 3 electrons When lithium reacts chemically, it typically looses one electron; giving it 3 protons and 2 electrons Remember: each proton has a positive charge + each electron has a negative charge - Lithium ION with 3 protons (3 +) and 2 electrons (2-) Now has a NET charge of (1+) 1 + Li 3 6 Li 3 6

1 + If no charge here: ATOM NEUTRAL (same number of protons as electrons) If charge here: ION Pos charge = more protons than electrons Neg charge = more electrons than protons Li 3 6 Li 3 6

11 protons; 10 electrons 16 protons; 18 electrons 13 protons; 10 electrons Na 11 23 + S 16 32 2- Al 13 27 3+

How Many Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons???? N 7 14 3- Ca 20 41 2+ Cl 17 33 1-