1. DR. SHANMUGAM K, MD.,
SENIOR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC MEDICINE,
GVMCH, VPM.

2. OBJECTIVES
 Injury
Types of Injury
Differnce between Antemortem and Post-mortem Injury
Samples should be preserved in various Medico-Legal
Cases
Importance of Medical Evidences

3. Introduction
 In every trial for the offence of causing hurt to human
body opinion of medical officers are invited to
ascertain,
Cause of death
Injuries
Probable weapon used
Duration of Injuries
Time since death

4. Injury
Section 44-IPC.
An injury is any harm whatever illegally caused to a
person in body, mind, reputation or property.
Legal Classification:
1. Simple.
2. Grievous.
Medically, an injury or wound is a break in the natural
continuity of any of the tissues of the living body.

5. LEGAL CLASSIFICATION
SIMPLE INJURY
An injury which is not grievous is simple
GRIEVOUS INJURY – S. 320 IPC
 Emasculation
 Permanent privation of sight of either eye
 Permanent privation of hearing of either ear
 Privation of any member or joint
 Destruction or permanent impairing of the power of
any member or joint
 Permanent disfigurement of the head or face
 Fracture or dislocation of a bone or tooth
 Any hurt which endangers life or which causes the
victim to be in severe bodily pain, or unable to follow
his ordinary pursuits for a period of 20 days

6. MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION
MECHANICAL INJURIES
1. Abrasion
2. Contusion (Bruise)
3. Laceration
4. Incised wound
5. Stab (Punctured) wound
6. Firearm wound
7. Fracture and Dislocation

7. MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION
II. THERMAL INJURIES
1. Due to cold: Frostbite; Trench foot;
Immersion foot
2. Due to heat: Burns; Scalds
III. CHEMICAL INJURIES
1. Corrosive acid
2. Corrosive alkali
IV. OTHERS
Due to electricity, lightning, X-rays,
radioactive substance etc.,

8. Abrasion

9. Abrasion

10. Imprint Abrasion

11. Abrasion

12. Abrasion

13. Abrasion

14. Contusion

15. Contusion

16. Contusion

17. Contusion

18. Contusion

19. Contusion

20. Laceration

21. Stretch

22. Split

23. Avulsed

24. Crush

25. Incised Injury

26. Stab Injury

27. Chop Injury

29. Firearm Injury

30. Firearm Injury

31. Firearm Injury

32. Electrical Injury

33. 6/1/2023
Thermal Injury

34. Soot Particles

35. Snake Bite

36. Drowning

37. Signs of Asphyxia

38. Fracture of Hyoid Bone

39. Antemortem and Postmortem Injuries

43. Post-Mortem Injuries

44. Tachie Noir

45. Marbling

46. Fish Bite Injuries

47. Ant-Bite Injuries

48. Seminal Stains

49. Examination of the Scene Of Crime
A. BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
i. Clothes
ii. Hair fibres
iii. Bed sheets and pillows
iv. Condoms
v. Sanitary pads and tampons
vi. Tissue papers
vii. Blood stains

50. . Non Biological materials
I. Sticks/rods
II. Covers
III. Blade/knifes
IV. Ropes
V. cigarette butts, tumblers, bottle caps etc.

51. CLOTHES
 Very Important
 Rich source of EVIDENCE
1. Detect
2. Collect
3. PACK
4. Seal
 Stained clothes must be dried before packing
 Don’t pack WET Materials
 Always AIR DRY
 NOT SUN DRY
 Dry in Airy and Shady Place

52. Hairs fibres
 Vital source of Information
 To fix the accused
 Rich source of DNA
 Where to look for??????
 HOW to preserve

55. Viscera to Be preserved
 Blood ( 100 ml)
 Stomach and its contents
 Loops of Intestines
 500 gms of Liver
 Half of each Kidney
 Preservative in separate Container
 Long Bones ( DNA)
 Skull Bone ( Video Superimposition)
 Blood Gauze (In case of Murder )

56. Forensic Photography
VIEWS
1. Over all
2. Mid range
3. Cose up view
MINIMUM NEEDED
1. Scene Photography
2. Body( Front 10, Back 10, Hands 4, Specific regions)

57. Medical Evidence
Definition
 Evidence means and includes
1. All statements which the court permits or requires to
be made before it by a witness in relation to matters of
fact under inquiry (such statements are called as oral
evidence).
2. All documents produced for the inspection of the
court (such documents are called as documentary
evidence).

58. Medical Evidence
Types
 Medical evidence is of following types:
 1. Documentary evidence
 2. Oral evidence
Documentary Evidence
 It comprises of documents produced before the court
and includes:
1. Medical certificate
2. Medico-legal report
3. Dying declaration etc.

59. Dying Declaration
 A dying declaration is a statement, verbal or written,
made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to
any of the circumstances of the transaction which
resulted in his death (Section 32 IEA).
Dying Deposition
It is a statement or deposition made by a dying
person on oath. The Magistrate in the presence of
accused or his lawyer records it.

60. Law and Doctor
 Section 197 of IPC – issuing or signing false certificate
 Section 201 of IPC – causing disappearance of evidence of offense, or
giving false information to screen offender.
 Section 203 of IPC – giving false information respecting an offense
committed
 Section 204 of IPC – destruction of documents to prevent its production
as evidence
 Section 269 of IPC – negligent act likely to spread infection of disease
dangerous to life
 Section 270 of IPC – malignant act likely to spread infection of disease
dangerous to life
 Section 271 of IPC – disobedience to quarantine rules
 Section 272 of IPC – adulteration of food or drink intended for sale
 Section 273 of IPC – sale of noxious food or drink
 Section 274 of IPC – adulteration of drugs
 Section 275 of IPC – sale of adulterated drugs
 Section 276 of IPC – sale of drugs as a different drug or preparation

61. Law and Doctor
 Section 278 of IPC – making atmosphere noxious to health
 Section 284 of IPC – negligent conduct with respect to
poisonous substance
 Section 304 A of IPC – causing death by negligence
 Section 312 of IPC – causing miscarriage
 Section 39 of Cr PC – public to give information of certain
offenses
 Section 53 of Cr PC – examination of accused by Medical
Practitioner at the request of police officer
 Section 54 of Cr PC – examination of arrested person by
Medical Practitioner at the request of the arrested person.

62. Indian Evidence Act
 Sec.113 A & B – presumption as Dowry Death
 Sec. 114 A, - Presume that person did not consent

63. Medicolegal Autopsy

66. Exhumation

70. Humble Request
 Visit The Crime Scene
 I.O Should Meet Doctor During the Time of PM
 Show The Weapon to Doctor
“ TEAM WORK”