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7. See notes for bibliography.

2. Title

3. Title
• A comparative study of Tramadol versus
Dexamethasone+ Chlorpheniramine in
controlling IV fluids and blood transfusion
induced chills and rigors.
• Chief Investigator- Dr.Pradeep Pande Astt.
Prof. Deptt. Of Surgery.

4. Abstract
Background and Objectives

5. Abstract
Background and Objectives
• IV fluids and blood transfusion often cause chills
and rigors commonly treated with
Dexamethasone+ Chlorpheniramine.
• Tramadol is often used for controlling anaesthesia
induced chills and rigors.1
• We propose a comparative study of Tramadol
versus Dexamethasone+ Chlorpheniramine in
controlling IV fluids and blood transfusion
induced chills and rigors.

6. Materials and Methods

7. Materials and Methods
• 100 consecutive patients admitted to the department of
General Surgery of BRK Memorial Medical College in
whom chills and rigors develop will be included in this
study. These 100 patients will be randomized into two
groups of 50 each. Group A patients will be managed by
conventional Dexamethasone 8mg and Chlorpheniramine
45.5mgiv while groupB patients will be managed by
Tramadol 25mg. IV. Duration of recovery from chills and
rigors and occurrence of fever would be recorded for each
patient.

8. Conclusions

9. Conclusions
• The trial will provide level 1b evidence to
support the preference for either Tramadol
or for the conventionally used
Dexamethasone and Chlorpheniramine for
control of iv fluids and blood transfusion
induced chills and rigors.

10. KEYWORDS

11. KEYWORDS
• IV fluids and blood transfusion induced
chills and rigors,
• Dexamethasone 8mg and
Chlorpheniramine,
• Tramadol.

12. Trial Design

13. Trial Design
• This trial has been designed as a
prospective, double-blind, randomized
controlled trial, in which Tramadol will be
compared with Dexamethasone and
Chlorpheniramine

14. Participants

15. Participants
• Patients admitted to the department of
General Surgery of BRK Memorial Medical
College in whom chills and rigors develop
will be included in this study.

16. Inclusion criteria

17. Inclusion criteria
• Indoor patients of surgical wards in whom
chills and rigors develop.
• Age 18 years and above.

18. Exclusion criteria

19. Exclusion criteria
• Age below 18 years.

20. Methodology:

21. Methodology:
• 100 consecutive patients admitted to the department of
General Surgery of BRK Memorial Medical College in
whom chills and rigors develop will be included in this
study. These 100 patients will be randomized into two
groups of 50 each. Group A patients will be managed by
conventional Dexamethasone 8mg and Chlorpheniramine
45.5mgiv while groupB patients will be managed by
Tramadol 25mg. IV. Duration of recovery from chills and
rigors and occurrence of fever would be recorded for each
patient.

22. Results: Outcome parameters

23. Results: Outcome parameters
Primary outcome
• Primary outcome will be stoppage of chills
and rigors.

24. Secondary outcome

25. Secondary outcome
• Fever
• Sedation.

26. Results

27. Results
• Differences between randomized groups will be tested
with appropriate statistical methods, including t-tests or
Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables (considering
whether the normality assumption is rejected by the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with Lilliefors correction test),
and chi-square tests for categorical variables.
• The primary outcome (stoppage of chills and rigors) will
be analyzed with Kaplan-Meier analysis and a Cox
regression analysis,

28. Conclusion

29. Conclusion
• This trial is a prospective, double-blind,
randomized controlled trial, in which
Tramadol will be compared with
Dexamethasone and Chlorpheniramine in
controlling IV fluids and blood transfusion
induced chills and rigors.

30. Bilbliography:

31. Bilbliography:
• Indian J. TRAMADOL FOR CONTROL
OF SHIVERING (COMPARISON WITH
PETHIDINE Dr. Aditi A. Dhimar, Dr.
Mamta G. Patel , Dr. (Mrs.) V. N. Swadia
Anaesth. 2007; 51 (1) : 28 - 31 )

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