Lecture notes for medical students

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2. THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST

3. THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
• Cystic swelling arising from embryological
remnant of thyroglossal duct. It is regarded
as tubulodermoid.

4. EMRYOLOGY

5. EMRYOLOGY
• Endodermal tissue in the floor of the
pharynx foramen caecum) (17th day of
gestation).
• Cells of thyroid gland descend into the
mesoderm into
• This communication is known as
thyroglossal duct. It reaches its final
position in the neck by the 7th week of
gestation.
• The duct usually disappears by the 10th
week of gestation.

6. • Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most
common congenital midline neck cyst

7. Clinical Features

8. Clinical Features
• Asymptomatic small mass in midline in
front of neck
• Infected: tenderness, swelling &
redness
• Fistula: Opening in skin with
discharge of mucous from cyst
• Difficulty in swallowing or breathing
• Moves with swallowing and protrusion
of tongue

9. Midline Swellings of the Neck

10. • Inflammatory
– Reactive
lymphadenopathy
– Thyroiditis
– S.cyst
–Neoplastic
– Thyroid
– Parathyroid
– Pharyngeal/laryngeal
– Lipoma
• Congenital
– Thyroglossal duct cyst
– Laryngocoele
– Dermoid cyst
• Infectious
– Ludwig’s Angina
Midline Swellings of the Neck

11. Site of occurrence:

12. Site of occurrence:
• 1. Hyoidal - 60%
• 2. Suprahyoidal - 25%
• 3. Infrahyoid - 13%
• 4. Intralingual - 2%

13. Treatment

14. Treatment
• SISTRUNK OPERATION Involves
exposing the whole cyst along with its tract.
The anterior portion of the body of the
hyoid bone should be included in the
dissection to prevent recurrence

15. • Thyroglossal cysts may become infected
and rupture onto the
• skin of the neck presenting as a discharging
sinus/fistula

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