4. Genetic Modification
Genetic modification (GM) is a set of
technologies that enable scientists to alter the
genetic make-up of organisms
Modified crops may have
Increased resistance to disease
Increased productivity
Improved taste and quality
A shorter time to maturity
5. Alongside the enormous possibilities there are
risks and hazards associated with DNA
technology
While the cloning of mammals which are
genetically identical such as sheep - “Dolly”
allow rapid and selective breeding of desirable
genotypes it also means that it is theoretically
possible to do the same with humans.
(See http://www.animalresearch.info/en/medical-
advances/timeline/cloning-dolly-the-sheep/)
6.
7.
8. Ethical Issues
Bio-ethical issues associated with genetic
modification include
Health risks to humans in eating GM food
Possible environmental impact if genes
transmit into other species
Pain and suffering to animals
Identification of “superior” traits – physical
and intellectual
9. Commercial Issues
Who has access to the technologies?
Who owns the technology?
Will patents reduce access?
15. Humans can control aspects of their
lifestyle
Diet
Eat more fibre
Eat less fat
Eat less sugar
Eat less salt
Restrict alcohol
Drink more water
Encourage breast feeding (of babies!)
16. Exercise
We live in a largely sedentary society,
fortunately we have become more aware of the
benefits of regular exercise
Improved muscle tone
Decrease in body fat
Improved cardiovascular efficiency
Poor diet and lack of exercise can lead to
arteriosclerosis and hypertension which can lead
to heart attacks or strokes
17. Drugs
A drug is any substance taken that will affect the
functioning of the body. Many drugs are useful
while others are harmful and lead to addiction
Heroin
Cocaine
Nicotine
Alcohol (in large concentrated amounts)
Marijuana
18. Ageing
Research indicates that ageing may be caused by
the decreased effectiveness of DNA repair
enzymes in the nucleus leading to a reduced
ability for the DNA to semi-conservatively
replicate without damaging mutations occurring
which can lead to cancer
