2. MEANING
• EFFECTIVE USE OF BODY AS A
MACHINE AND AS A MEANS FOR
LOCOMOTION
•Special techniques to
coordinate your balance and
movement which will help to
avoid injuring yourself or
your patient.
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3. Physiology of movements
• Purposefull coordinated movements of the
body requires the integrated functioning
of the musculoskeletal and nervous
system
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4. SKELETAL SYSTEM
• The framework of bones and cartilage
protects our organs and allows us to move
through skeletal system.
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5. FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
IN BODY MECHANICS.
• 1.Supports the soft tissues of the body
[Maintains body form and body posture]
• 2.Furnishes surfaces for the attachment of
muscles,tendons,and ligaments which in
turn pull on the individual bones and
produce movements.
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6. .Their are 206 bones in human
body classified as
-Long bones
-Short bones
-Flat bones
-Irregular bones
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7. Types and freely movable joints
• 1.Ball and socket joint
• . E.g Shoulder and hip joint.
• 2.Condyloid joint-
• E.g wrist joint.
• 3.Gliding joint E.g Carpel bone of wrist
and tarsal bone of feet
• 4.Hinge joint E.g Elbow joint.
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9. • Bones and joints provides form to the
body
• Muscles helps bone to produce movement
• The excitibility,contractibility and elasticity
of muscles enable them to perform
• -Motion
• -Maintenance of posture.
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10. Nervous system
• The skeletal and muscular system cannot
produce purposefull movement without a
functioning nervous system.
• Nerve impulses stimulate muscles to
contract.
• Afferent nervous system conveys
information from receptors in periphery of
body to the C.N.S
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11. CONTI…
• Nerve cells called neuron conducts
impulses from one part of body to
another.
• This information is processed by C.N.S
leading to response.
• The efferent system conveys the response
from the CNS to the skeletal muscle by
the way of somatic nervous system.
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12. Importance of Body mechanics
• 1.Proper body alignment and posture
prevents fatigue and deformities.
• 2.Poor posture causes Deformities.
• 3.Good posture promotes the physiologic
functions of the body.
• 4.Reduces the expenditure of the energy.
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13. Conti…
• 5.Helps to maintain the balance of the
body without undue strain on the body
parts.
• 6.Its contributes to ones beauty.
• 7.To prevent strain and injury to the
patient/nurse.
• 8.To use appropriate technique when
moving the patient.
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15. CONCEPTS OF BODY MECHANICS
• The correct use of body mechanics should
be evident for every activity and even
during rest period.
BODY ALIGNMENT-Positioning of the
joints,tendons,ligaments and muscles
while standing,sitting and lying down
position.
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16. Conti…
If proper body alignment is maintained
person will not experience undue strain
and fatigue.
BODY BALANCE- When the center of
gravity is balanced over a wide, stable of
support and vertical line falls from center
of gravity and base of support.
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17. COORDINATED BODY MOVEMENT
• While giving nursing care to the patient
frequent use the body is to assist in
-Positioning
-Turning and lifting the patient and
equipment and all the nursing activities.
It is important to do this
knowledgeably to avoid musculoskeletal
strain and injury.
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18. PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS.
• 1.Wider the base of support,greater the
stability.
• 2.Lower the center of gravity greater the
stability of nurse.
• 3.The equilibrium of an object is
maintained as long as the line of gravity
passess through its base of support.
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19. • 4.Stronger the muscle group the greater
the amount of work can be safely done.
• 5.Facing the direction of movements
prevents abnormal twisting of the spine.
• 6.Dividing balanced activity between arms
and legs reduces the risk of back injury.
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20. • 7.Leverage,rolling,turning or pivoting
requires less work than lifting.
• 8.When friction is reduced between the
object to be moved and the surface on
which it is moved,less force is required to
move.
• 9.Reducing the force of work reduces the
risk of injury
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21. • 10.Maintaining good body mechanics,
reduces fatigue of the muscle group.
• 11.Alternating periods of rest and activity
helps to reduce fatigue.
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22. RULES TO BE FOLLOWED BY NURSES
WHILE CARRYING NURSING
ACTIVITIES.
• Maintain good posture [anatomical
posture].
Use the longest and strongest
muscles of extremities for strenuous
activities.
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23. • WATCH YOUR POSTURE
Stand straight with your feet flat on the
floor. Keep your arms at your side. Keep
your abdominal muscles tight. This takes
Strain off your back.
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24. Conti…
•Keep the object close to the body
to prevent unnecessary strain on
the muscles. This brings center of
gravity of object close to the
centers of gravity of body.
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25. Conti….
• Keep your back straight
• Flex the knees and hip joints but keep the
trunk as vertical as possible. [Moving and
shifting]
• Avoid jerking and twisting during the lift.
• Heavy patients should be moved in bed
by sliding rather than lifting.
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26. Conti…
• Assistance should be requested when
lifting or moving heavy patients.
• Stay balanced-Place the feet apart to
provide a wide base of support.
Broader base provides a better body
balance.
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27. Conti…
• Keep work close to the body.
• Slide,roll,push or pull an object rather
than lifting it in order to reduce the
energy
Needed to lift the weight against the pull
of gravity.
– Lift smoothly.
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28. Conti..
• Plan and think through your move-Before
you begin the action make sure you are
applying proper body mechanics
• Coordinate your movements by telling
patients or other workers when you are
ready to move. You may want to count
‘1,2,3….lift’’
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29. IllEFFECTS OF IMPROPER BODY
MECHANICS IN NURSING
PRACTICE.
• Decubitus ulcers/Pressure sores/Bed
sores –The pressure of body parts
against the mattress especially when
the body parts are not in correct
alignment for long period of time
then blood supply becomes depleted
and if this continues results in ulcers.
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30. Cont…
• CONTRACTURES :The pressure of tight
upper bedding holding the feet in an
incorrect position of body alignment will
contribute to development of contractures
and decubiti
• FOOT DROP:
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