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Powerpoint Templates
Introduction to Unified
Modeling Language
Presenter: Mustafa Ghanem Saeed
Computer Science Department
College of Science
Cihan University - Sulaimaniya

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References
 Phillip A. Laplante, “REAL-TIME SYSTEMS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS”, A JOHN WILEY &
SONS, INC., PUBLICATION, 2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
 Stephan Merz ,Nicolas Navet. “Modeling and Verification of Real-Time Systems “. wiley.
ISTE Ltd, 2008.
 Mikael kerholm, Ivica Crnković, Goran Mustapić . “ Introduction for using UML”.2000
 http://msdn.microsoft.com/ar-iq/library/UML
 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/769.html#fig3
 http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/SoftArch6.aspx?display=Print

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Presentation out line
• What is The UML?
• Components of UML

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What is the UML?
UML: is a standard language for the
specification and design of software-intensive
systems using an object-oriented approach.
It is a graphical language in which system
can be composed of communities of
interacting entities
Communication between entities can be
described using the set of nine diagrams:
use case, sequence, collaboration , state
chart, activity, class, object , component,
and deployment.

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Components of UML
Use Case Diagram
Class Diagram
Sequence Diagram
State Transition
Diagram
Activity Diagram
Collabration Diagram
Component Diagram
Object Diagram

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Use case diagrams are done in an early phase of
a software development project.
Some Components of Use Case Diagram
 Actor: Actors are the various users of an
application having different access rights based on
their category
Use Case Diagrams
Use Case: Use Case represents the different
major functionalities of the system. These are of two
types: Business Use Case and System Use Case .

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Use Case Diagrams
EXAMPLE 1: a cash dispenser system can be used,
an actor customer are associated to the use cases
Withdraw Money and Get Account Balance. In general
use case diagrams should be as simple as in figure 1.

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Use Case Diagrams
EXAMPLE 2:a web based fruit shop is
shown, in this example the generalization
symbols are used as In figure 2

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EXAMPLE 3:a web surfing station
includes a login. The user which is the
actor can use the system to access the
internet through the Access Web use
case, but that includes the Login use
case.
Use Case Diagrams

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Class Diagram
Class diagrams: can profitably be used both
in the early phases of a project and during
detailed design activities.
Class diagrams: can use in three different
useful levels :
Conceptual class diagrams (conceptual model),
represent concepts of the problem domain.
High level class diagrams (type model):describe static views
of a solution to a problem, through a precise model of the
information that is relevant for the software system.
Detailed class diagrams (class model), include data types,
operations and possibly advanced relations between
classes.

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Class Diagram
 The Conceptual Class Diagram of the
problem domain of vending machines as In
figure 4,

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Class Diagram
The High Level Class Diagram for the
same vending machine software project.

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Class Diagram
A Detailed Class Diagram showing the concrete data type of
attributes, and operations provided by the different classes for
the same vending machine software project. As in
Figure 6 .
• Associations
• Aggregation
• Generalization
Attributes
Name
operation

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Sequence Diagram
Sequence Diagrams are used to model the
flow of control between objects.
Sequence Diagrams model the interactions
through messages between objects.
Sequence Diagram has two dimensions:
The vertical dimension shows the
sequence of messages/calls in the time
order that they occur.
 the horizontal dimension shows the
object instances to which the messages
are sent.
Sequence Diagrams :it is composed of
three basic elements: objects, links, and
messages.

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Sequence Diagram
Example of the use case when a customer successfully buys a
soft drink from the vending machine modeled by class diagrams.
As in figure 7.

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State Transition Diagram
State charts are most often used for low level
design, like modeling the internal behavior of a
complicated class.
But they are also useful on a higher level on
modeling different states of a whole system .
The basic elements in a state chart are states
and transitions, in figure 8

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State Transition Diagram
EXAMPLE 1 :a high level state chart diagram, showing
state transitions on the system level in an airplane. This
diagram is completely without events, guards and
actions . As in figure 9.

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State Transition Diagram
EXAMPLE 2 : a lower level state diagram is the one in
figure 10. It is a candy machine and the start state is again
located to the left in the figure.

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Activity Diagram
 workflow behavior of a system.
unlike flowcharts, they can model concurrent
computational steps and the flow of objects.
Start
Fork
Branch
Merge
Joint
End
Figure 11, Activity
Diagram

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show the messages passed between objects through the
basic associations between classes.
Behavior on class diagrams.
Q:Collaboration diagrams are the most emphasized of
UML?
Because of their clarity and expression of more
information.
Collabration Diagram
Figure12, Collabration Diagram

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preexisting entities (components).
 Interfaces : represent the functionality of
components that are directly available to the
user.
Relationships : represent conceptual
relationships between components
Component Diagram
Figure 13 simple example of Component Diagram

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Object Diagram :show the insides of things in
the class diagrams and their relationships.
Object Diagram
Figure 14 , Object Diagram

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Thanks for
aTTendance