8. Remember that certain patterns
can create predictable variations.
This slideshow focuses on core
patterns. It does not illustrate every
possible variation.
8
10. Using פֻּעַלVerbs
The פֻּעַלis a fairly infrequent
,בִּנ)י'ןused about 400 times in
the /.תַּנ1״
10
11. You can think of the פֻּעַלas the
passive version of the .פִּעֵלIn
other words, the subject of a פֻּעַל
verb receives the verb’s action.
11
12. For example, you might
say “”,מֹשֶׁה שִׁבֵּר אֶת–הַלֻּחֹת
or “Moses shattered the
tablets,” using the .פִּעֵל
12
13. Alternately, you could say
“ ”,הַלֻּחֹת שֻׁבַּרor “the tablets
were shattered,” using the .פֻּעַל
13
14. (In case you’re wondering, Exod
32:19 actually uses the ,פִּעֵלin
the past narrative conjugation:
“)”.ו1יִּשַׁבֵּר ]מֹשֶׁה[ אֹת>ם
14
15. The Basic Patterns
Memorize the following basic
patterns first, and then we’ll
go through the specifics.
15
16. בַּרA He was buried (3ms perfect)
בַּרA)י He will be buried (3ms imperfect)
בַּרAְמ Being buried (ms participle)
16
17. That list of basic patterns omitted
the imperative because it never
occurs in the / ,תַּנ1״and the
infinitive because the infinitive and
adverbial infinitive appear only
one time each in the whole /.תַּנ1״
17
18. Recognizing פֻּעַלVerbs
The most distinctive feature
of the פֻּעַלis R1’s u-class vowel,
usually a בּוּץE.
18
19. Like its active counterpart,
the ,פִּעֵלthe פֻּעַלalso usually
has a דָּגֵשׁin R2.
19
20. R1’s בּוּץE and R2’s דָּגֵשׁare visible
in most forms of the .פֻּעַל
20
21. However, if R2 is a guttural or ,ר
it will reject the .דָּגֵשׁWhen this
happens, R1’s characteristic בּוּץE
will usually* lengthen to a .חוֹלֶם
* When R2 is a ,חthe בְוּץE remains unchanged.
21
22. Also, if R1 is ,אit will take a
מֵץ–חָטוּףM instead of a בּוּץE.
Don’t let this trick you into
thinking you’re seeing a לN.
Use R2’s דָּגֵשׁto recognize the
word as a .פֻּעַל
22
23. Recognizing the פֻּעַלPerfect
If you see a verb with a
בֻּץE under R1 and a דָּגֵשׁin
R2, that’s a clear sign of
the .פֻּעַלIf it has a perfect
suffix, it’s a פֻּעַלperfect.
23
24. קבַרThe בּוּץE
ּ ֻ
The suffix ְ רחַצְתּand דָּגֵשׁ
ֻ
indicates
a perfect. שׁ ְחוּindicate a
ּ ל ֻ
חצ ַּ בְתֶּם ֻ .פֻּעַל
24
25. Recognizing the פֻּעַלImperfect
The פֻּעַלimperfect retains
the characteristic בּוּץE and
,דָּגֵשׁusing the standard
affixes to indicate person,
gender, and number.
25
26. תְּבשַׁל
ּ ֻ
The בּוּץE
The affixes י)בכַר
ֻּ
and דָּגֵשׁ
indicate an
imperfect. י)רטְשׁוּ
ּ ֻ
indicate
a .פֻּעַל
תְּ חַמוּ
ֻנ
26
27. Recognizing the פֻּעַלParticiple
The ms פֻּעַלparticiple looks like the
3ms perfect, but with a prefixed –מ
and a lengthened R2 vowel:
בּשׁל
ַּ ֻ
3ms perfect
מְבשׁל
ָּ ֻ
ms participle 27
28. The mp and fp participles take
the familiar plural endings ים
ִ–
and . –וֹת
28
29. The fs participle is a little bit
different from the others. Its
R2 has a סְגוֹלand it takes the
suffix תas follows:
ֶ–
מְבּשׁל
ָּ ֻ
ms participle
מְבּשׁלת
ֶ ֶּ ֻ
fs participle
29
30. Unused and Rare Forms of the פֻּעַל
There are no פֻּעַלimperatives in the
/ ,תַּנ1״and only one each of the
infinitive (Ps 132:1) and adverbial
infinitive (Gen 40:15). You need not
commit their forms to memory.
30
31. Summary
קבַר
ּ ֻ
3ms perfect Look for
R1’s בּוּץE
קבַרTי
ּ ֻ
3ms imperfect
and R2’s דָּגֵשׁ
ָּ ֻ
מְקבר ms participle
in all forms.
31
32. Credits
Dead Sea photo by Wikimedia Commons contributor
Xta11. Used under a CC-SA license.
All other content by Dr. Chris Heard, Associate
Professor of Religion, Pepperdine University.
Released under a CC-BY license.
Grammatical terminology used in this presentation
follows J. Cook and R. Holmstedt, Beginning Biblical
Hebrew (Grand Rapids: Baker, 2013).