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introduction  BLOOD Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil Assistant Professor
Blood basic facts final
Dr Alamzeb  MBBS M.Phil  Assistant Professor
Physiology is  ,[object Object],[object Object],Figure 1-1: Levels of organization and the related fields of study
Review Levels of Organization
Human Physiology.  In  human physiology,  we attempt to explain the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being.  ,[object Object]
Organ Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Function and Process: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Distinguish between   Process   &  Function Integrate both for complete picture!
Key Themes in Physiology: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Flow and Law of Mass Balance All living processes require constant input of energy Where from? - How is it stored? How is it used to do work? Total amount of substance in body = intake + production -   output What substances are maintained through law of mass balance? Major routes for output? Major routes for input?
What is Blood? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic facts  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
A speck of blood (1 cu mm)
[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil Blood is the most commonly tested part of the  body,   Screening, Diagnosis & prognosis of diseases
Easily accessible
Easily obtainable  Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Easily testable  Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
[object Object],Every  cell  in the body gets its
Blood basic facts final
If we take some blood, prevented from clotting, in a centrifuge, after centrifugation we have this result.
Let us understand the composition of the sedimented blood:
Composition of  Blood  Blood consist of  1 Red cell 2 White cell 3 Platelets  4 Plasma – in which the above elements are suspended  Plasma is the liquid component. which contain soluble fibrinogen  Serum is what remains after the formation fibrin clot   Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
BLOOD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
BLOOD. Blood is also vital to maintain a stable body temperature by varying the amount of blood to different areas of the body.  To do all this, the heart pumps about 2,000 gallons (9100 liters) of blood per day;  its valves operate some 5000 times per  hour , and it never stops for maintenance...not even once!  The Bible said a long time ago that " the life of the flesh is in the blood ." Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
RBCs  Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],RED BLOOD CELLS Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
RED BLOOD CELLS Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ROUL  EAUX FORMATION RED BLOOD CELLS
RED BLOOD CELLS Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Concentration of Red Blood Cells in the Blood  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb  MBBS M.Phil
Shape of RBCs  ,[object Object],Dr Alamzeb  MBBS  M.Phil
Size of RBCs  ,[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Thickness  ,[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Size at thin point   1 micron at thinnest point  The average volume of the red blood cell is 90 to 95 cubic micrometers.   Dr Alamzeb  Dr Alamzeb   MBBS M.Phil
Blood basic facts final
Thickness continue A sheet of paper is approximately 75 micron thick Therefore 10 Erythrocytes could be aligned side by side across the edge of a sheet paper  Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Shape of RBCs Under Microscope  Red blood cells (erythrocytes) shown above in a stained slide. Note how they stain darker at the edges than in the middle reflecting their biconcave shape. Dr Alamzeb MBBS M Phil
Appearance under microscope  Red blood cells (erythrocytes) shown in a stained slide. Note how they stain darker at the edges than in the middle reflecting their biconcave shape.
Concentration of Red Blood Cells in the Blood ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Quantity of Hemoglobin in the Cells. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
oxygen carrying capacity  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Total surface area ,[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Characteristic  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Change of shape As you can see by the above photomicrograph red blood cells in life are highly deformable and are able to squeeze through minute gaps.
Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Life History Of Erythrocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Life span  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
production  Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil break down Functions Of RBCs
Haematopoiesis ,[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Erythropoiesis ,[object Object]
Areas of the Body That Produce Red Blood Cells. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Produce of Red Blood Cells by bone marrow.   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Pluripotential Hematopoietic stem cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Committed stem cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood basic facts final
Growth inducers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Differentiation Inducers. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Blood basic facts final
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Stages of Differentiation of Red Blood Cells ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Regulation of Red Blood Cell Production-Role of Erythropoietin   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tissue Oxygenation Is the Most Essential Regulator of Red Blood Cell Production.   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
High Altitudes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Diseases ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Alamzeb MBB M.Phil
Hypoxia Erythropoietin RBCs   production factors that decrease tissue oxygenation 1 Low blood volume 2 anemia 3 low hemoglobin 4 poor blood flow   5 pulmonary disease 6 cardiac disease   8 hemorrhage Decrease   Tssue oxygenation   Increase Erythropoietin kidney Hemopoietic stem cells Proerythroblasts Red blood cells   Dr Alamzeb MBB M.Phil
Blood basic facts final
ROLE OF VITAMIN  B12  AND FLIC ACID IN MATURATION OF RBCs   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hemoglobine break down   Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
S U M M E R Y Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
Functions of RBCs Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemical reaction  CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H + + HCO 3- Carbonic Anhydrase carbon dioxide   + water carbonic acid +   hydrogen ion +   bicarbonate ion   Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
OTHER FUNCTIONS BESIDES TRANSPORT OF HEMOGLOBIN. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood basic facts final
Blood basic facts final
Blood basic facts final

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Blood basic facts final

  • 1. introduction BLOOD Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil Assistant Professor
  • 3. Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil Assistant Professor
  • 4.
  • 5. Review Levels of Organization
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Energy Flow and Law of Mass Balance All living processes require constant input of energy Where from? - How is it stored? How is it used to do work? Total amount of substance in body = intake + production - output What substances are maintained through law of mass balance? Major routes for output? Major routes for input?
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. A speck of blood (1 cu mm)
  • 15.
  • 16. Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil Blood is the most commonly tested part of the body, Screening, Diagnosis & prognosis of diseases
  • 18. Easily obtainable Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 19. Easily testable Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 20.
  • 22. If we take some blood, prevented from clotting, in a centrifuge, after centrifugation we have this result.
  • 23. Let us understand the composition of the sedimented blood:
  • 24. Composition of Blood Blood consist of 1 Red cell 2 White cell 3 Platelets 4 Plasma – in which the above elements are suspended Plasma is the liquid component. which contain soluble fibrinogen Serum is what remains after the formation fibrin clot Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 25.
  • 26. BLOOD. Blood is also vital to maintain a stable body temperature by varying the amount of blood to different areas of the body. To do all this, the heart pumps about 2,000 gallons (9100 liters) of blood per day; its valves operate some 5000 times per hour , and it never stops for maintenance...not even once! The Bible said a long time ago that " the life of the flesh is in the blood ." Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 27. RBCs Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 28.
  • 29. Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 30. RED BLOOD CELLS Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. RED BLOOD CELLS Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39. Size at thin point 1 micron at thinnest point The average volume of the red blood cell is 90 to 95 cubic micrometers. Dr Alamzeb Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 41. Thickness continue A sheet of paper is approximately 75 micron thick Therefore 10 Erythrocytes could be aligned side by side across the edge of a sheet paper Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 42. Shape of RBCs Under Microscope Red blood cells (erythrocytes) shown above in a stained slide. Note how they stain darker at the edges than in the middle reflecting their biconcave shape. Dr Alamzeb MBBS M Phil
  • 43. Appearance under microscope Red blood cells (erythrocytes) shown in a stained slide. Note how they stain darker at the edges than in the middle reflecting their biconcave shape.
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  • 50. Change of shape As you can see by the above photomicrograph red blood cells in life are highly deformable and are able to squeeze through minute gaps.
  • 51. Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 52.
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  • 54. production Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil break down Functions Of RBCs
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  • 77. Hypoxia Erythropoietin RBCs production factors that decrease tissue oxygenation 1 Low blood volume 2 anemia 3 low hemoglobin 4 poor blood flow 5 pulmonary disease 6 cardiac disease 8 hemorrhage Decrease Tssue oxygenation Increase Erythropoietin kidney Hemopoietic stem cells Proerythroblasts Red blood cells Dr Alamzeb MBB M.Phil
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  • 80. Hemoglobine break down Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 81. S U M M E R Y Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 82. Functions of RBCs Dr Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
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  • 86. Chemical reaction CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H + + HCO 3- Carbonic Anhydrase carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid + hydrogen ion + bicarbonate ion Alamzeb MBBS M.Phil
  • 87.
  • 88.

Editor's Notes

  1. 10 or 11 depending on whether muscles and skeleton are considered one system. Also: Lymphatic system is anatomical system, physiologically it belongs to circulatory, digestive and immune systems. Regulation of plasma concentration: The endocrine system acts on bones, kidneys, and intestine to ensure that plasma calcium concentrations remain within a certain range.