Dr. ihsan edan abdulkareem alsaimary
PROFESSOR IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
mobile : 009647801410838
university of basrah - college of medicine - basrah -IRAQ
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MHC vs HLA
MHC: Major Histocompatability
complex
– mouse genetic complex
HLA: Human Leucocyte Antigen
– human genetic complex
Similar functions: different terms
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Congenic Mice
Two strains of mice that are genetically
identical except at one locus
developed by successive back crosses to
one parent
each progeny tested for specific difference
if difference still present then back cross
again
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MHC III
Collection of genes associated with
MHC
Do not code for MHC I or MHC II
Code for associated immunological
molecules
– complement
– interferon
– Tumour necrosis factor
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Key Terms
alleles, alloantigens. bone marrow
chimeras, Class I molecules, Class I
regions, Class II molecules,
Class II regions, Class III molecules,
Class III regions, Determinant selection
model,
H-2 complex and its regions D region, I
region, K region, L region, S region
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hole in the repertoire models,locus,
Immune response genes, congenic mice,
Human Leukocyte Antigens, Major
histocompatibility complex, MHC
restriction, negative thymic selection
positive thymic selection, public
specificities, private specificities, region,
Specificities, superantigens
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Key Concepts
Explain the connection between a trait and a
gene using the specific example that MHC
genes encode for molecules that allow
specific immune responses.
Describe the use of inbred mice for the
elucidation of the genetics of the imune
response
Describe how congenic strains of mice are
developed.
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Describe and draw MHC-I molecules
Describe the function of MHC-I
molecules
Describe and Draw MHC-II molecules
Describe the function of MHC-II
molecules
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Compare the detailed differences in the
structure of the aggreotope binding
sites of MHC-I and MHC-II
Describe the function of class III genes
and in which cells they are expressed.
Describe MHC restriction
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Discuss the differences between MHC
restriction of CD4+ T cells and MHC
restriction of CD8+ T cells.
Draw maps of either the MHC gene complex
in mice or HLA gene complex in humans
Describe how the collection of MHC genes of
an individual dictates either the ability or
inability of the animal to respond to a
particular antigen
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Describe an experiment that shows MHC
restriction:
– between T and B cells,
– between T cells and macrophages
– between cytotoxic T cells and virally infected cells.
Discuss the biological relevance of MHC
molecules
MHC molecules exhibit a range of structural
diversity at the species level that is roughly
equivalent to the range of antibody diversity at
the level of the individual animal. DISCUSS
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Null cells are not MHC restricted. Explain.
Even though the immune system rejects
transplanted kidneys and hearts its function
is not to protect us against grafts. Why do we
need histocompatability antigens?
If we do not need protection against attack
from foreign organs and tissues, why are
MHC-I molecules so polymorphic?
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What is the connection between
immunity and MHC genes.?
Why are inbread/congenic mice
important to immunlogical studies?
Draw and label a diagram of a class I
MHC molecule as it is found in the
membrane.
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Draw and label a diagram of a class II MHC
molecule as it is found in the membrane.
How is the polymorphism or diversity of
MHC, different from the generation of
diversity in antibodies?
How do MHC-II molecules allow immune
cells to communicate with each other?
Why is this communication important?
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What is the relationship between MHC-
II molecules and Ir genes?
Class III MHC molecules are not cell
membrane proteins. What are they and
what do they do?
Describe an experiment to show MHC
restricted cytotoxicity
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T-cells do not recognize free antigen, as
antibody receptors do. Speculate why?
Briefly discuss MHC restriction.
Describe and experiment that describes
MHC restriction.
Why do T cells have such an elaborate
way of reacting with antigen?
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Explain the following statement: "There is a
direct relationship between an animal's MHC
haplotype and its ability or inability to
respond to a specific antigen."
What is the difference between and F1 hybrid
animal and a bone marrow chimera animal?
What is the importance of a bone marrow
chimera animal in immunological studies?
Explain how the control of MHC restriction is
the genetic basis for the functional specificity
of T cells.
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Describe T cell differentiation in the thymus
using CD4 and CD8 markers.
T cell receptor diversity results from gene
rearrangements, but T cells are also MHC
restricted. MHC restriction is not
preprogrammed into T cells.
Describe two possible selective processes
that program T cells to be MHC restricted.
Where do these processes occur?
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T cells can react only with protein
fragments. What is this process called?
How does it occur?
Which pathway leads to antigen
interaction with MHC-I molecules?
Which pathway leads to interaction
with MHC-II molecules?
