1. Paired Genes in Stem Cells Shed New Light On
Gene Organization and Regulation
&
Epigenetic Control of Cardiogenesis
David mejia arango medical student

2. Medical utility Bibliography
In its deeper level, human
Bibliogrphy:
beings. their intelligence, [http//sciencedaily.com/rele
technology, religion, ases/2013/02/13020415360
philosophy, health and 8.htm] cheeked on February
sickness are the expression of 9th of 2013, 16: 30. “Paired Molecular biology
the DNA code that rest in our David Mejia Arango –
sells, the compression of the
Genes in Stem Cells Shed
New Light On Gene medical student
human being and also the 3rd semester
pathogens that attack him, in Organization and Universidad Pontificia
their most fundamental level Regulation” bilivariana
gibes great perspectives of
curing all human diseases and Proffesor: Lina Marìa
defects. To the date a lot have
[http//sciencedaily.com/rele Martìnez Sanchèz
been archived, however the ases/2013/01/13012910024 February 11/2013
complexity of gen expression 7.htm] cheeked on February
and regulation steel drain 9th of 2013, 16: 45.
from human hands and with “Epigenetic Control of
in all its mythical possibilities.
Cardiogenesis”

3. the lncRNAs its an active lncRNAs have can control
Introduction
contra part to RNAm: the gestation of mayor
tissues:
Genetic transcription is the process
in which a RNA molecule is since long time scientist thought In a revolutionary
synthesized from the genetic the transcribing mechanism for the experiment scientist
information contained in a single DNA attached to a specific spot deactivated a gen from a
strand o DNA (directed from 3‘ to called promoters and moved in a lncRNAs causing disruption
5‘). The RNA sequence in single direction with the objective in the development of the
complementary to the one in the of codifying RNAm, recently is know heart to deadly labels for
DNA so it contains just the same that the lncRNAs is also created at animal embryos with the
information. From the multiple the same time from the contrary
kinds of RNA, the RNAm is the one addition of damage to the
DNA strand (5‘ to 3‘) but despite its
which in the end will pass its ventral body wall making it
importance in gen transcription and
information to the new developed genesis of diseases the have been apparent that lncRNAs are
protein, however the other kids of themselves capable o
very little studied. Since the up and
RNA are also vital to the regulating the development
down regulation of genes is
transcription process and their o tissues and organogenesis.
deficiencies have the power to implicated in the pathogenesis of
affect the result of the genetic many deceases including The science now hope to
expression. cancer, the lncRNAs is very likely to locate more lncRNAs genes
be also implanted. implicated in organogenesis.
It have been recently described
that the process of genetic Opinión : I think the discovering of Opinion: I think this
transcription in which the RNAm is a whole new line of factors experiment is a clear show
created also gives as a result a long implicated in the expression of the of the new world that is
non coding sequence of RNA genome is a gigantic step toward de
(lncRNAs), studies show this new opining for genetic science
understanding of the mechanism
RNA may have determining effects because the studies of the
that traduce genotype in
in the control of organogenesis in phenotype. epigenetic importance of
the intrauterine period. lncRNAs.

4. Introduction
Genetic transcription is the process
Genetic transcription is the
in which a RNA molecule is
synthesized from the genetic process in which the genetic
information contained in a single code is encrypted in the form
strand o DNA (directed from 3‘ to of RNAm with the ending
5‘). The RNA sequence in development of its decoding
complementary to the one in the
DNA so it contains just the same to produce proteins.
information. From the multiple
kinds of RNA, the RNAm is the one
which in the end will pass its In this process there is an
information to the new developed extra factor the lncRNAs
protein, however the other kids of which role is just being
RNA are also vital to the
transcription process and their
studied.
deficiencies have the power to
affect the result of the genetic
expression.
It have been recently described
An important significance
that the process of genetic of lncRNAs has been
transcription in which the RNAm is experimentally probed in
created also gives as a result a long studies with animal embryos
non coding sequence of RNA
(lncRNAs), studies show this new
during the gestation.
RNA may have determining effects
in the control of organogenesis in
the intrauterine period.

5. the lncRNAs its an active
contra part to RNAm: Paired Genes in Stem Cells Shed New Light
On Gene Organization and Regulation
since long time scientist thought
the transcribing mechanism for the
DNA attached to a specific spot
called promoters and moved in a Alla A. Sigova, Alan C. Mullen, Benoit Molinie,
single direction with the objective Sumeet Gupta, David A. Orlando, Matthew G.
of codifying RNAm, recently is know
that the lncRNAs is also created at
Guenther, Albert E. Almada, Charles Lin, Phillip A.
the same time from the contrary Sharp, Cosmas C. Giallourakis, and Richard A.
DNA strand (5‘ to 3‘) but despite its Young. Divergent transcription of long noncoding
importance in gen transcription and RNA/mRNA gene pairs in embryonic stem
genesis of diseases the have been
very little studied. Since the up and cells. PNAS, 2013 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1221904110
down regulation of genes is
implicated in the pathogenesis of
many deceases including cancer,
the lncRNAs is very likely to be also
implanted.
Opinión : I think the discovering of
a whole new line of factors
implicated in the expression of the
genome is a gigantic step toward de
understanding of the mechanism
that traduce genotype in
phenotype.

6. Paired Genes in Stem Cells Shed New Light On Gene
Organization and Regulation
•Humans have 20.000 genes dedicated to
transcribing proteins
•When a mRNAs gen is activated a lncRNAs have
to be activated ass well
•Therefore all codes are transcribed in pairs.
The transcription of about 65% of lncRNAs
originates at active promoters associated with
these mRNAs' genes.
•lncRNA and mRNA are transcribed in opposite
directions

7. Opinión: I think the discovering of a whole new line of factors
implicated in the expression of the genome is a gigantic step
toward de understanding of the mechanism that traduce
genotype in phenotype and approaches to developing
treatments for genetic deceases and cancer.

8. lncRNAs have can control
the gestation of mayor
tissues: Epigenetic Control of Cardiogenesis
In a revolutionary
experiment scientist
deactivated a gen from a Phillip Grote, Lars Wittler, David Hendrix,
lncRNAs causing disruption Frederic Koch, Sandra Währisch, Arica
in the development of the
heart to deadly labels for Beisaw, Karol Macura, Gaby Bläss, Manolis
animal embryos with the Kellis, Martin Werber, Bernhard G.
addition of damage to the Herrmann. The Tissue-Specific lncRNA
ventral body wall making it
apparent that lncRNAs are
Fendrr Is an Essential Regulator of Heart
themselves capable o and Body Wall Development in the
regulating the development Mouse. Developmental Cell, 2013; 24 (2):
o tissues and organogenesis.
The science now hope to
206 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.12.012
locate more lncRNAs genes
implicated in organogenesis.
Opinion: I think this
experiment is a clear show
of the new world that is
opining for genetic science
because the studies of the
epigenetic importance of
lncRNAs.

9. •RNA chains consisting of more than 300
nucleotides and having not protein
transcription capacities are denominated
long non codifying RNA.
•They are known to interact with
isotones, modifying protein complexes and
changing gene expression by influencing
the level of their activity.
•They have the capacity of aggregate
methyl groups to histones by what they can
activate specific genes, this changes
predicate during the cellular division giving
as a result the proliferation of gene
expression changes.

10. •Investigation indicates lncRNAs may be
indispensable for embryonic development; the
discovery was made after the experimentation
with the lncRNA gene Fendrr which repression
caused deformation to the heart and ventral wall
tissue in mouse embryos, causing the dead.
•The deformation appeared several days after de
gene was deactivated, that delay is explained for
its effect in the regulating role of lncRNA, after
their control on the expression of important
transcription factors was gone, the gene
expression of all the descendant cells was
chaotic.

11. Medical utility
Medical utility: the discovery of
In its deeper level, human lncRNA regulation on transcription
beings. their
intelligence, technology, religi open a whole new understanding of
on, philosophy, health and
sickness are the expression of
the way genetics works, this
the DNA code that rest in our understanding will led to more
sells, the compression of the
human being and also the developments genetic therapy.
pathogens that attack him, in
their most fundamental level
gibes great perspectives of
curing all human diseases and
defects. To the date a lot have
been archived, however the
complexity of gen expression
and regulation steel drain
from human hands and with
in all its mythical possibilities.

12. Medical utility
The developments in the compression
In its deeper level, human
beings. their intelligence,
of genetic expression will lead to
technology, religion, progress in the treatment and
philosophy, health and
sickness are the expression of
prevention of genetic based deceases.
the DNA code that rest in our
sells, the compression of the
human being and also the
pathogens that attack him, in
their most fundamental level
gibes great perspectives of
curing all human diseases and
defects. To the date a lot have
been archived, however the
complexity of gen expression
and regulation steel drain
from human hands and with
in all its mythical possibilities.

13. Bibliographie :
[http//sciencedaily.com/releases
/2013/02/130204153608.htm]
cheeked on February 9th of 2013,
16: 30. “Paired Genes in Stem
Cells Shed New Light On Gene
Organization and Regulation”
[http//sciencedaily.com/releases
/2013/01/130129100247.htm]
cheeked on February 9th of 2013,
16: 45. “Epigenetic Control of
Cardiogenesis”

14. ''How do you know so
much about
everything?'' was asked
of a very wise and
intelligent man; and the
answer was ''By never
being afraid or
ashamed to ask
questions as to
anything of which I was
ignorant.