Practical HTML5: Using It Today

Practical HTML5:
Using It Today
Doris Chen Ph.D.
Developer Evangelist
Microsoft
doris.chen@microsoft.com
http://blogs.msdn.com/dorischen/
@doristchen

Who am I?
 Developer Evangelist at Microsoft based in Silicon
Valley, CA
 Blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dorischen/
 Twitter @doristchen
 Email: doris.chen@microsoft.com
 over 15 years of experience in the software industry
focusing on web technologies
 Spoke and published widely at JavaOne, O'Reilly, Silicon
Valley Code Camp, SD West, SD Forum and worldwide
User Groups meetings
 Doris received her Ph.D. from the University of California
at Los Angeles (UCLA)

PAGE 2 twitter @doristchen Blog http://blogs.msdn.com/dorischen

Agenda
Browser Fragmentation

Feature Detection

Polyfills and Shims

Polyfills and Shims: Examples

Summary and Resources


Non-Modern Browsers
 Most non-modern browsers have trouble
 Non-modern Browsers (ref: caniuse.com)
 IE 6 - 8
 Firefox 3.6 and below
 Safari 4.0 and below
 Chrome 7
 Opera 10.x and below

 Even modern browsers have issues
 Varying levels of feature support across all major
browsers

Fragmentation
 Varying Levels of Support
 Across browsers
 Across browser versions
 New versions released
constantly
 Browser detection doesn’t
work
 Fixes based on assumptions
 Full-time job tracking
changes

Feature Detection
 Based on what browsers support, not their versions
 Check for the feature you want to use
 Object, Method, Property, Behavior

 Detect for standards-based features
first
 Browsers often support both standards and
legacy
 Standards are your most stable ground to build
upon
 Dynamically load custom code to mimic missing
features

Why not Check for a
Browser?
Bad
// If not IE then use addEventListener…
if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE") == -1) {

window.addEventListener( “load”, popMessage, false );

} else if (window.attachEvent) {

window.attachEvent( “onload”, popMessage);

}

Why not Check for a
Browser?
Good
if (window.addEventListener) {

window.addEventListener( “load”, popMessage,
false );

} else if (window.attachEvent) {

window.attachEvent( “onload”, popMessage);

}

What Happens When Feature Detection
Looks Like This…
Yuck! Even the monkey is freaked!
function(){

var
sheet, bool,
head = docHead || docElement,
style = document.createElement("style"),
impl = document.implementation || { hasFeature: function() { return false; } };

style.type = 'text/css';
head.insertBefore(style, head.firstChild);
sheet = style.sheet || style.styleSheet;

var supportAtRule = impl.hasFeature('CSS2', '') ?
function(rule) {
if (!(sheet && rule)) return false;
var result = false;
try {
sheet.insertRule(rule, 0);
result = (/src/i).test(sheet.cssRules[0].cssText);
sheet.deleteRule(sheet.cssRules.length - 1);
} catch(e) { }
return result;
}:
function(rule) {
sheet.cssText = rule;

return sheet.cssText.length !== 0 && (/src/i).test(sheet.cssText) &&
sheet.cssText
.replace(/r+|n+/g, '')
.indexOf(rule.split(' ')[0]) === 0;
};

bool = supportAtRule('@font-face { font-family: "font"; src: url(data:,); }');
head.removeChild(style);
return bool;
};


Feature Detection
 Best option in my opinion for this…
 http://www.modernizr.com/


 Best feature detection Support
 Detects:
 All major HTML5 features
 All major CSS3 features
 Includes HTML5Shim for semantic tag support
 Widespread adoption
 Twitter, National Football League, Burger King,
and many more…
 Constantly updated

PAGE 14
 Shipping with ASP.NET MVC 3 Tools update

Test for @font-face
You can do this
function(){

var
sheet, bool,
head = docHead || docElement,
style = document.createElement("style"),
impl = document.implementation || { hasFeature: function() { return false; } };

style.type = 'text/css';
head.insertBefore(style, head.firstChild);
sheet = style.sheet || style.styleSheet;

var supportAtRule = impl.hasFeature('CSS2', '') ?
function(rule) {
var result = false;
try {
sheet.insertRule(rule, 0);
result = (/src/i).test(sheet.cssRules[0].cssText);
sheet.deleteRule(sheet.cssRules.length - 1);
} catch(e) { }
return result;
}:
function(rule) {
sheet.cssText = rule;

return sheet.cssText.length !== 0 && (/src/i).test(sheet.cssText) &&
sheet.cssText
.replace(/r+|n+/g, '')
.indexOf(rule.split(' ')[0]) === 0;
};

bool = supportAtRule('@font-face { font-family: "font"; src: url(data:,); }');
head.removeChild(style);
return bool;
};


Test for @font-face
Or ….

if (Modernizr.fontface){
…
}


Polyfills & Shims

 What are they?
 Typically JavaScript, HTML & CSS code
 What do they do?
 Provides the technology that you, the developer,
expect the browser to provide natively
 Provides support for missing features
 When do you use them?
 Use them to fallback gracefully or mimic
functionality


What’s the Difference?

 Polyfill:
 Replicates the real, standard feature API
 You can develop for the future

 Shims
 Provides own API to a missing feature
 Doesn’t adhere to a specification but fills the
gap
 Generally provides more features


Polyfills & Shims

 Big List of Polyfills: http://bit.ly/b5HV1x
 Some are good, some not so good
 Some frequently used Polyfills & Shims
 Polyfill:
 HTML5Shim - Semantic tag support
 Storage Polyfill - HTML5 localStorage
 H5F – Simulates new HTML5 form types
 Shims:
 Amplify Store – persistent client-side storage using
localStorage, globalStorage, sessionStorage & userData
 easyXDM – Cross-domain messaging


Consider This
 You need to vet the code
 Does it work as expected?
 Cross-browser?
 You may need to support it in the future
 Developer abandons work
 Do you have the skills to maintain it?
 API Consistency
 Will you need to rewrite your code later?


Polyfills & Shims: Examples
Semantic Tags
Video Tags
Media Queries
Conditional Resource Loader

HTML5 Semantics
Semantic Document Structure
 HTML5 introduces a new semantic
structure
 Replacing the use of DIV, SPAN
HEADER
and other elements with class and
ID attributes
 New elements include header, nav, NAV
article, section, aside, and footer

ARTICLE
ASIDE

FOOTER

HTML5 Semantic Tags
Supported in Internet Explorer 9
<body> <mark>Doris dancing!</mark>
<header> </section>
<hgroup> </article>
<h1>Doris Chen Dancing</h1> ...
<h2>Funky Town!</h2> </section>
</hgroup>
</header> <aside>Aside items (i.e.
links)</aside>
<nav>
<ul>Navigation links</ul> <figure>
</nav> <img src="..." />
<figcaption>Doris
<section> dancing</figcaption>
<article> </figure>
<header>
<h1>Can you believe it?</h1> <footer>Copyright © 2011</footer>
</header>
<section> </body>

HTML Tags
<div id=”header”>

<div id=”nav”>

<div id=”sidebar”> <div id=”article”>

<div id=”footer”>

New Semantic HTML Tags
<header>

<nav>

<section>
<aside>
<article>

<footer>

Recognition & Styling
 Non-modern browsers don’t recognize the new
tags
 Internal stylesheets not updated
 You can’t style elements not recognized


HTML5 Video & Audio
<audio <video
src= src= The url to the audio or video
width= The width of the video element
height= The height of the video element
poster= The url to the thumbnail of the video
preload= preload= (none, metadata, auto) Start downloading
autoplay autoplay Audio or video should play immediately
loop loop Audio or video should return to start and play
controls controls Will show controls (play, pause, scrub bar)
> >
… …
</audio> </video>

Compatibility Table
HTML5 <video>

10.0.648.20
vCurrent 9 6 5.0.4 11.01
4

VP8
(WebM)
Yes No (*) Yes Yes
video
support
Yes

H.264 video
No (*) Yes Yes (*) No (*)
format

Elements With Fall Backs

Browsers won’t render elements
they don’t understand...

For example:
<video src=“video.mp4”>
What will it render?
</video>

But, they will render what’s
between those elements


HTML5 <video> : Degrading Gracefully
 Multiple video sources to support multiple browsers

<video id="myVideo" controls="controls" autoplay>
<source src="videos/video.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
<source src="videos/video.webm" type="video/webm" />



<object type="application/x-silverlight-2" width="640" height="384">
<param name="source" value="/resources/VideoPlayer10_01_18.xap"></param>
<param name="initParams"
value="m=http://mysite.com/video.mp4,autostart=true,autohide=true></param>
<param name="background" value="#00FFFFFF"></param>
<param name="x-allowscriptaccess" value="never"></param>
<param name="allowScriptAccess" value="never" />
<param name="wmode" value="opaque" />
</object>

</video>

Use Respond.js for Media Queries
 Respond.js
 Enable responsive web designs in browsers
 A fast polyfill for CSS3 Media Queries
 Lightweight: 3kb minified / 1kb gzipped
 for Internet Explorer 6-8 and more
 https://github.com/scottjehl/Respond
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<link href="test.css" rel="stylesheet"/>
<script src="../respond.min.js"></script>
</head>


Use Respond for Media Queries
Realife: http://bostonglobe.com/

Demo

 Asynchronous conditional resource loader for JavaScript and CSS

 Integrated into Modernizr , only 1.6kb

 Load only the scripts that your users need

 Fully decouples preloading from execution
 full control of when your resource is executed
 change that order on the fly

 http://yepnopejs.com/


Yepnope and Modernizr
<script type="text/javascript"
src="yepnope.1.0.2-min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
yepnope({
test : Modernizr.geolocation,
yep : 'normal.js',
nope : ['polyfill.js', 'wrapper.js']
});
</script>


 Asynchronous conditional resource loader for JavaScript and CSS

 Integrated into Modernizr , only 1.6kb

 Load only the scripts that your users need

 Fully decouples preloading from execution
 full control of when your resource is executed
 change that order on the fly

 http://yepnopejs.com/


Yepnope and Modernizr
<script type="text/javascript"
src="yepnope.1.0.2-min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
yepnope({
test : Modernizr.geolocation,
yep : 'normal.js',
nope : ['polyfill.js', 'wrapper.js']
});
</script>


MSNBC site:
Building Cross Browser Plugin-
free Experiences

Building Cross Browser Plugin-free
Experiences
 “Plug-in” refers broadly to browser extensions that run
native client code using low-level browser interfaces
 Adobe Flash
 ActiveX controls and Browser Helper Objects
 Some of Webkit’s Approach
 More browsers start to adopt plug-in-free approach
 Lots of Web browsing simply don’t support plug-ins
 IE 10 Metro
 Browsers that do support plugins offer many ways to run
plugin free
 YouTube http://www.youtube.com/html5
 MSNBC plugin-free experience for rich media
 Styles and Scripts


Need Plugin on Old MSNBC Site

PAGE 48

Step 1: Declare Standards Mode and
Valid Markup for Modern Browsers
 Ensure that you are operating in standards mode
 Use valid markup
 include the HTML5 doctype at the top of your document
 <!DOCTYPE html>


Step 2: Update CSS3 vendor prefixes
 The CSS3 language is constantly in a state of change
 New features suggested, updated, and standardized
 For learning, browser vendors offer experimental
implementations via prefixed
 Ensure that prefixes from each vendor are included in
your site


Ensure all CSS3 prefixes included
background: -webkit-gradient(
linear,
left top,
left bottom,
color-stop(1, rgba(192,192,192,.6)),
color-stop(0.5, rgba(0,0,0,.6))
);
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(
top, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.0 ) 0%, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.6 ) 50% );
background: -moz-linear-gradient(
top, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.0 ) 0%, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.6 ) 50% );
background: -ms-linear-gradient(
top, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.0 ) 0%, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.6 ) 50% );
background: -o-linear-gradient(
top, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.0 ) 0%, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.6 ) 50% );
background: linear-gradient(
top, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.0 ) 0%, rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.6 ) 50% );


Step 3: Get rid of browser Sniffing
methods
 Methods to determine what the user’s browser and
device are capable of
if ( navigator.userAgent.indexOf("iPad") > -1 ) {
// Load HTML5 Experience
} else {
// Load Flash Experience
}

if ( tests.IE ) {
j = /msie.(d.d+)/i;
k = navigator.userAgent.match(j)[1];
}

 The user agent string is not immutable
 easily changed by plugins, or even the user.
 Most modern browsers include the ability to easily change this value from
their development tools

Feature Detection
 Remove the browser sniffing code, and replace it with
feature detection code

if ( Modernizr.video ) {
// Load HTML5 Video
}
Or

if ( !!document.createElement(“video”).canPlayType ) {
// Load HTML5 Video
} else {
// Load Flash Video
}

Use Fiddler (no direct access):
http://fiddler2.com
 Modify remote files as though they were on
my local machine
 A great way for testing changes without
the risk of breaking your live site
if (!(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase().indexOf("ipad")>-1)){
// Flash Experience
}
Replace with:

if ( !document.createElement("video").canPlayType ) {
// Flash Experience
}

Fiddle: Setup AutoResponder

PAGE 56

Demo
MSNBC : Cross Browser Plugin-free

Take Away

 Avoid browser detection
 Browsers change
 Varying levels of feature support across all major browsers

 Use feature detection
 Check for the feature you want to use
 Detect for standards first
 Use Modernizr – http://modernizr.com
 Cleaner code & they’ve done the work for you
 Polyfills and Shims
 mimics a standard API to avoid a rewrite

 Use Yepnope
 For conditional resource loader, work with Modernizr


RESOURCES
• HTML5 Cheat Sheets
http://bit.ly/html5cheatsheets
• Free HTML5 Video Training
http://bit.ly/HTML5WebCampVideoTraining
• Feature-specific demos
• http://ie.microsoft.com/testdrive/
• Real-world demos
• http://www.beautyoftheweb.com/


Practical HTML5: Using It Today

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