1. Introduction to Embedded syastems
Dr. Vikas Dongre
HOD Electronics & Telecom
Government Polytechmic Washim (MS)
Email: dongrevj1@gmail.com
M: 9370668979

5. Embedded System
• A microprocessor or microcontroller based system designed to perform one or
more dedicated functions with real time computing constraints
• Embedded systems is combination of hardware and software
• i.e. an electronic system that has a computer software that is embedded in a
computer hardware.
• A hardware platform is generally a micro controller or processor in which the
program is dumped. The hardware has its own software. They are either Machine
code (hex code) or Programming code ( C, C++ code).
• For example, take 8051 controller. Here we embed program into it and it performs
the task as per the program instructions.
• Design of an embedded product has to be optimized to reduce size, cost, weight
and improve reliability and performance

6. Due to their compact size, low cost and simple design aspects made
embedded systems are very popular and encroached into human lives and
have become indispensable. They are found everywhere from kitchen ware
to space craft.
Application area
1. Biomedical Instrumentation – ECG Recorder, Blood cell recorder, patient monitor system
2. Communication systems – pagers, cellular phones, cable TV terminals, fax and trans
receivers, video games and so on.
3. Peripheral controllers of a computer – Keyboard controller, DRAM controller, DMA
controller, Printer controller, LAN controller, disk drive controller.
4. Industrial Instrumentation – Process controller, DC motor controller, robotic systems,
CNC machine controller, close loop engine controller, industrial moisture recorder
cum controller.
5. Scientific– digital storage system, CRT display controller, spectrum analyser.

7. • Consumer Electronics
• Household applications
• Biomedical systems
• Home automation
• Microwave ovens, Television, DVD Players & Recorders, Audio players,Integrated
systems in aircrafts and missiles Cellular telephones Electric and Electronic Motor
controllers Engine controllers in automobiles Calculators Medical equipments
Videogames Digital musical instruments, etc.

8. INTRODUCTION
Advantages of an Embedded System
Design and Efficiency: The central processing core in embedded system is
generally less complicated, making it easier to design. The limited function
required of embedded system allows them to design to most efficiently
perform their function. Low power consumption, very less interconnections.
Accessibility: If something goes wrong with certain embedded systems they
can be too inaccessible to repair. These problems are taken care of in design
stage. By some programming these problems can be solved .
Maintenance and reliability: Embedded systems are easier to maintain .
Supplied power is embedded in the system itself . It is highly reliable

9. INTRODUCTION
Advantages of an Embedded System
Cost: The streamline make-up of most embedded system allows their parts to be
smaller less expensive to produce. It is easy for mass production, with improved
quality
Redundancies: Embedded system does not involve the redundant programming
Power : It has low power operations
Optimized use of system resources

10. INTRODUCTION
Disadvantages of an Embedded System
Difficult to change configurations and features: - Once an embedded system is deployed (or
finalized), it will be difficult to change its configuration - both its hardware and software.
Remote update of software is possible provided the capability is included. Hence, proper
requirement analysis is a must before deployment.
Issue of scalability:- Because it is difficult to change configuration, an embedded system cannot
be easily scaled up as demand/scope changes. Said so, embedded systems can be designed to
scale up for example using expansion ports or networking etc.
Limitation of hardware:- With a limited memory or computing capability in most embedded
systems, there is always a limitation (or an upper limit) on our software design(upgrade). Be
always aware of "Memory" and "Speed".
Applied for a specific purpose:- By definition, embedded systems are constrained in their
objectives. If it is decided to change existing embedded system for a completely different
purpose, it will normally result in significant change(s) in either or both its hardware or/and
software

11. INTRODUCTION
Advantages of an Embedded System
Cost: The streamline make-up of most embedded system allows their parts to
be smaller less expensive to produce. It is easy for mass production, with
improved quality
Redundancies: Embedded system does not involve the redundant
programming
Power : It has low power operations
Optimized use of system resources