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Dr Roger Mugford
The Bear Necessities of Life
Affordable Environmental Enrichment and
Behavioural Husbandry in Dogs
ETHOLOGY OF THE ANCESTRAL
DOG
• Highly social, co-operative
hunter
• Matriarch – dependant offspring
• Batchelor groups of surplus males
• Pack-size highly variable: depends upon
geography and food source
• Territorial: exclusive of other unrelated
wolves
• Culture: cross generational learning
• Pack dynamics determined by social
hierarchies or individual friendships
ETHOLOGY OF ASIATIC BLACK
BEARS/MOON BEARS (Ursus
Thibetanus)
• Matriarch-based family groups in captivityMatriarch-based family groups in captivity
• Omnivorous diet: termites, beetle larvae, honey,Omnivorous diet: termites, beetle larvae, honey,
fruits, carrion, grassesfruits, carrion, grasses
• Typically inhabit forestsTypically inhabit forests
• Males 140-200Kg, females 60-130KgMales 140-200Kg, females 60-130Kg
• CrepuscularCrepuscular
• Live for 25-30 years in wild, 35 years in captivityLive for 25-30 years in wild, 35 years in captivity
• Good climbers – will climb trees to eat,rest,Good climbers – will climb trees to eat,rest,
hibernate and elude enemieshibernate and elude enemies
• Hibernate or migrateHibernate or migrate
• Territories est. 6-13 KmTerritories est. 6-13 Km
“FARM ANIMALS BENEFIT FROM
ORDERLY HUSBANDRY”
WOLVES GOT LUCKY WHEN THEY
DISCOVERED MAN
THE IDEAL LIFE: FREE CHOICE IN
A NATURAL WORLD
And boredom is the enemy of
adaptive behaviour
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY
IS GOOD FOR BRAIN FUNCTION
IF THIS IS RESCUE, BETTER BE
DEAD!
HOME ON A CHINESE BEAR
BILE FARM
SOME BEAR NECESSITIES!
2.6 The Bear Necessities of Life - Dr Roger Mugford
2.6 The Bear Necessities of Life - Dr Roger Mugford
THE SMELL-CABINET
VARIED DIETS
• Externally imposed routine
PRISON
• Loss of choice: diet, activity, friendships
• Boredom
• Noise
• Violence
• Broken family ties
• Mental health issues: stress-induced depression
leading to self harm, even suicide
KENNELS ARE FRIGHTENING PLACES:
NOISE, SMELL, DAMP, STRANGE & LONELY
DOG-DOG AGGRESSION
SEPARATION ANXIETY
URBAN OUTSITTERS (CHICAGO)
LAKE SHORE (CHICAGO) ANIMAL
SHELTER – URBAN OUTSITTERS DOG
DAY CARE
• Solution:24 hour group day careSolution:24 hour group day care
• Partner with communal dog dayPartner with communal dog day
OROR
• Charity establish own facilityCharity establish own facility
• Dogs=changing groups, never form stableDogs=changing groups, never form stable
hierarchieshierarchies
• Daily 1:1 walksDaily 1:1 walks
• Centre – city: easy viewing by potentialCentre – city: easy viewing by potential
adopteesadoptees
• Food and toy driven gamesFood and toy driven games
• 24 hour human supervision/CCTV24 hour human supervision/CCTV
DOGS NEED THE COMPANY OF
DOGS
2.6 The Bear Necessities of Life - Dr Roger Mugford
SCATTER FEEDING AND DIGGING FOR
HIDDEN FOOD
FOOD IS THE BEST PERSUADER
Little and often
FUN & GAMES - KONG
More than just a dog toy!
KONG
PYRAMID PLAY
2.6 The Bear Necessities of Life - Dr Roger Mugford
INTERACTIVE DOG GAMES
ON THE BAMBOO TRAIL – WORK IN
PROGRESS
2.6 The Bear Necessities of Life - Dr Roger Mugford
2.6 The Bear Necessities of Life - Dr Roger Mugford
Or concessions to animals in a man-
made world
Company: for a social species
Housing: space and complexity
Sensory experiences: e.g. light, sound, smells
Feeding: hunt-chase, chew etc
Training: set novel, complex tasks
Toys: that challenge, that amuse
Routine: vary, but within optimum range
Choice: allow freedom for animal to select
environment and activity
ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT
It takes only a little extra
imagination to make a dog happy
Here’s to a more peaceful world
Thank you

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2.6 The Bear Necessities of Life - Dr Roger Mugford

  • 1. Dr Roger Mugford The Bear Necessities of Life Affordable Environmental Enrichment and Behavioural Husbandry in Dogs
  • 2. ETHOLOGY OF THE ANCESTRAL DOG • Highly social, co-operative hunter • Matriarch – dependant offspring • Batchelor groups of surplus males • Pack-size highly variable: depends upon geography and food source • Territorial: exclusive of other unrelated wolves • Culture: cross generational learning • Pack dynamics determined by social hierarchies or individual friendships
  • 3. ETHOLOGY OF ASIATIC BLACK BEARS/MOON BEARS (Ursus Thibetanus) • Matriarch-based family groups in captivityMatriarch-based family groups in captivity • Omnivorous diet: termites, beetle larvae, honey,Omnivorous diet: termites, beetle larvae, honey, fruits, carrion, grassesfruits, carrion, grasses • Typically inhabit forestsTypically inhabit forests • Males 140-200Kg, females 60-130KgMales 140-200Kg, females 60-130Kg • CrepuscularCrepuscular • Live for 25-30 years in wild, 35 years in captivityLive for 25-30 years in wild, 35 years in captivity • Good climbers – will climb trees to eat,rest,Good climbers – will climb trees to eat,rest, hibernate and elude enemieshibernate and elude enemies • Hibernate or migrateHibernate or migrate • Territories est. 6-13 KmTerritories est. 6-13 Km
  • 4. “FARM ANIMALS BENEFIT FROM ORDERLY HUSBANDRY”
  • 5. WOLVES GOT LUCKY WHEN THEY DISCOVERED MAN
  • 6. THE IDEAL LIFE: FREE CHOICE IN A NATURAL WORLD
  • 7. And boredom is the enemy of adaptive behaviour ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY IS GOOD FOR BRAIN FUNCTION
  • 8. IF THIS IS RESCUE, BETTER BE DEAD!
  • 9. HOME ON A CHINESE BEAR BILE FARM
  • 15. • Externally imposed routine PRISON • Loss of choice: diet, activity, friendships • Boredom • Noise • Violence • Broken family ties • Mental health issues: stress-induced depression leading to self harm, even suicide
  • 16. KENNELS ARE FRIGHTENING PLACES: NOISE, SMELL, DAMP, STRANGE & LONELY
  • 20. LAKE SHORE (CHICAGO) ANIMAL SHELTER – URBAN OUTSITTERS DOG DAY CARE • Solution:24 hour group day careSolution:24 hour group day care • Partner with communal dog dayPartner with communal dog day OROR • Charity establish own facilityCharity establish own facility • Dogs=changing groups, never form stableDogs=changing groups, never form stable hierarchieshierarchies • Daily 1:1 walksDaily 1:1 walks • Centre – city: easy viewing by potentialCentre – city: easy viewing by potential adopteesadoptees • Food and toy driven gamesFood and toy driven games • 24 hour human supervision/CCTV24 hour human supervision/CCTV
  • 21. DOGS NEED THE COMPANY OF DOGS
  • 23. SCATTER FEEDING AND DIGGING FOR HIDDEN FOOD
  • 24. FOOD IS THE BEST PERSUADER Little and often
  • 25. FUN & GAMES - KONG
  • 26. More than just a dog toy! KONG
  • 30. ON THE BAMBOO TRAIL – WORK IN PROGRESS
  • 33. Or concessions to animals in a man- made world Company: for a social species Housing: space and complexity Sensory experiences: e.g. light, sound, smells Feeding: hunt-chase, chew etc Training: set novel, complex tasks Toys: that challenge, that amuse Routine: vary, but within optimum range Choice: allow freedom for animal to select environment and activity ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT
  • 34. It takes only a little extra imagination to make a dog happy
  • 35. Here’s to a more peaceful world Thank you