1.
INFECTION
teaching basics
Dr.T.V.Rao MD

2.
INFECTION IS GREAT
THREAT TO LIFE
The great threat to Life is Infection in spite of many
Medical advances
The Morbidity and Mortality in Developing
countries is much higher many patients are
illiterate and poor, so really we do not work
on this area as there is no Accountability
With advances and use misuse of Antibiotics,
unhygienic practices lead to spread of Hospital
acquired infections have become a threat even in
Developed countries

3.
Life is experience start learning
The TIME IS TICKING

4.
My Friends we are moving from
Microbiology to Infection

5.
Transmission of Infections
Infections can be transmitted through a
variety of routes from one part of your body
to another, or from person to person, from
the environment, food or even animals.
People can become infected by contact…
touching something or someone; by
breathing something in or by swallowing
something, or infections can be introduced
through a cut or wound

6.
Do we Spread Infections?
Despite our best intentions, health
professionals sometimes act as
vectors of disease, disseminating
new infections among their
unsuspecting clients. Attention to
simple preventive strategies may
significantly reduce disease
transmission rates

7.
Infection a threat to Life
Modern medicine has led
to dramatic changes in
infectious diseases
practice. Vaccination and
antibiotic therapy have
benefited millions of
persons. However,
constrained resources
now threaten our ability to
adequately manage
threats of infectious
1 Influenza
2 Tuberculosis

8.
WHO IS INCHARGE OF
INFECTION
Infection control programmes are cost-
effective, but their implementation is
often hindered by a lack of support from
administrators and poor compliance by
doctors, nurses, and other health
workers. Some health professionals
suffer from the “Omo syndrome”—a
belief that they are always super clean
and sterile

9.
MOST LIFE THREATING INFECTIONS
CAN BE PREVENTED -
RARELY CURED
Just think How much we can cure these Infections
Hepatitis B and C
HIV Infection
Influenza
Today EBOLA

10.
ARE OUR HANDS CLEAN
JUST NO
The hands of staff are
the commonest
vehicles by which
microorganisms are
transmitted between
patients. Hand
washing is accepted
as the single most
important measure in
infection

11.
Hand washing
The hands of staff are the
commonest vehicles by which
microorganisms are transmitted
between patients Hand washing
is accepted as the single most
important measure in
infection control

12.
When should you wash
your hands?
Before eating food
Before and after caring for someone who is sick
Before and after treating a cut or wound
After using the toilet
After blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing

13.
How should you wash
your hands?
Wet your hands with clean, running water (warm or cold),
turn off the tap, and apply soap.
Lather your hands by rubbing them together with the soap.
Be sure to lather the backs of your hands, between your
fingers, and under your nails.
Scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds. Need a timer?
Rinse your hands well under clean, running water.
Dry your hands using a clean towel or air dry them.

14.
Steps in Hand Washing

15.
What to Use for Hand
Washing
Alcoholic hand
disinfection is
generally used in
Europe, while hand
washing with
medicated soap is
more commonly
practised in the United
States.

16.
What is the Best Soap to
wash Hands

17.
Alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective
against most bacteria and many viruses than
either medicated or non-medicated soaps

18.
CAN I USE THE ALCHOOL
HAND WASH
Require less time to use
Result in a significantly
greater reduction in bacterial
numbers than soap and water
in many clinical situations
Cause less irritation to the
skin
Can be made readily
accessible to HCWs
Are more cost effective

19.
Gloves
Gloves are a useful
additional means of
reducing nosocomial
infection, but they
supplement rather than
replace hand washing.
Possible microbial
contamination of hands
and transmission of
infection has been
reported despite gloves
being worn.

20.
Masks
It has never been shown that
wearing surgical facemasks
decreases postoperative
wound infections. When
originally introduced, the
primary function of the
surgical mask was to prevent
the migration of
microorganisms residing in
the nose and mouth of
members of the operating
team to the open wound of the
patient.

21.
USED SYRINGE AND NEEDLE
A threat to Life
The important pathogens to be considered in this
situation are hepatitis B virus , hepatitis C
virus (HCV) and HIV . It is essential that the health
care provider be knowledgeable about the risks of
acquisition of these viruses following needle stick
injuries, and the recommendations for management
and follow-up. it is prudent to assume that the needle
may have been contaminated with one or more of
these viruses.

22.
DO NOT PLAY WITH NEEDLES
WHO reports in the World
Health Report 2002, that of
the 35 million health-care
workers, 2 million experience
percutaneous exposure to
infectious diseases each year.
It further notes that 37.6% of
Hepatitis B, 39% of Hepatitis
C and 4.4% of HIV/AIDS in
Health-Care Workers around
the world are due to needle
stick injuries

23.
DO NOT RECAP NEEDLES
Needle stick injuries are
a common event in the
healthcare environment.
These injuries also
commonly occur during
needle recapping and as
a result of failure to place
used needles in
approved sharps
containers

24.
Dealing with Needle Stick
Injuries
Encourage bleeding at the site
of puncture
Wash the wound
Do not scrub the wound while
you're washing it. This can
make the injury worse.
Never try to suck the wound
Dry and cover the wound. Use a
sterile material to dry the wound
and immediately cover the
wound with a waterproof plaster
or dressing.

25.
Dealing with Simple Wounds
A primary concern
Dealing with Trivial injuries without
any Infection control precautions
can be Dangerous
1 Gas gangrene,
2 Tetanus
3 Cellulitis
4 Wound infection with
Staphylococcus

26.
Dealing with Burn Wounds
A primary concern

27.
Primary care in handling wounds
makes the difference

28.
Cut injury Looks simple but
Infections can make difference

29.
Hospital Acquired Infections
Threat to Life and Reputation of the
Hospital
An infection acquired
in hospital by a patient
who was admitted for
a reason other than
that infection. This
includes infections
acquired in the
hospital but appearing
after discharge, and
also occupational
infections among staff
of the facility

30.
Hospital Acquired Infections

31.
Behavioural
ChangesPrevious studies have
shown that the traditional
approach of lecture-base
education alone does not
result in meaningful
behavioural changes.
Rather it is thought that a
blended learning
approach, with particular
focus on the small group
format is important.

32.
WHOSE BUSINESS IS
INFECTION CONTROL?

33.
WHO IS INCHARGE OF
INFECTION CONTROL ?

34.
WE ARE ALL
RESPONSIBLE

35.
The 10 standard infection
control precautions are
1 Hand Hygiene
2. Personal Protective
Equipment
3. Respiratory and Cough
Hygiene
4. Management of Blood and
Body Fluid Spillage
5. Occupational Exposure
Management

36.
The 10 standard infection
control precautions are
7. Management of Care
Equipment
8. Providing Care in the Most
Appropriate Place
9. Management of Linen
10. Safe Management of
Waste

37.
UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
Use Universal
Precautions. Universal
precautions is an
approach to infection
control to treat all human
blood and certain human
body fluids as if they
were known to be
infectious for HIV, HBV
and other blood borne
pathogens,

38.
Start Practising Hand Hygiene
TODAY IS A GOOD BEGINNING
You may need to
wash your hands a
number of times
throughout your
working day – pause
now and think of 5
occasions where you
may need to wash
your hands.

39.
ARE THE FLOWERS SAFE IN THE
HOSPITAL?

40.
Never Forget Manners makes
a lot of Difference
Medical profession has
been dealing with the
repercussions of “bad
bedside manner” for years,
and anyone who’s been to
the hospital recently can tell
you there has been a
marked change in the way
that medical staff interact
with patients.
The incorporation of
empathy skills into medical
school and residency.

41.
My Friends our Patients are not lifeless
objects
Keep them in good Humour

42.
MEDICINE IS CHANGING FROM
TRADATIONAL TO MODERN METHODS

43.
ADVICE FROM MY TEACHRS
learn more on Infectious diseases?

44.
SOCIAL MEDIA AND
INFECTIONThe Facebook and Twitter are
well connected with issues on
Infection
Can be connected with me if
you have any clarification you
reach me
Rao’s Infection
care
Rao’s
Microbiology on
FACEBOOK

45.
Program created by Dr.T.V.Rao MD for
Medical and Paramedical students for basic
understanding on Infectious diseases
Email
doctortvrao@gmail.com