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Digital Divide: A Gender Perspective Debra McDowell Jessie Garabedian

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INTRODUCTION <ul><ul><li>Research for differences between genders: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Usage </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Purposes </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Development with technology </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Research shows this is particularly true in vocational areas where computers are frequently used: mathematics, science, engineering, and computer science. </li></ul></ul>

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Summaries: Deb Gendering the Digital Divide • Women are less likely to be online than men. • Main affects * Social Factors ~domestic responsibilities * Age ~ of women * Race ~ low income families * gender ~ * Culture~

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Summaries: Deb <ul><ul><li>The Legacy of the Digital Divide: Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Early Exposure as Predictors of Full-Spectrum Technology Use Among Young Adults . </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>130 College students studied:39 males and 89 females </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Different types of technologies & Applications </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>38 percent used frequently, 42 percent used for personal </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>communications ~ emails, chats, cell phones </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>construction technologies ~ Web authoring software, digital cameras, scanners, power point </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>entertainment technologies ~ video games, DVD players and digital music </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>66 percent used for work </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Summaries: Deb <ul><ul><li>Addressing a Gendered Digital Divide </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Technology education & Literacy </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Boys apt to use at early age </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>learn computer literacy & terminology </li></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>fall behind in reading & writing skill </li></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>computer games designed for boys </li></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Girls are behind in digital age </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>ahead in reading & writing skills </li></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>behind in computer literacy & terminology </li></ul></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Create computer programs aimed for girls </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Transform the way technology is designed </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><li> </li></ul>

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Summaries: Deb <ul><ul><li>A gender perspective On Internet Use: Consequences for Information Seeking </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Research shows boys have greater interest </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Girls use internet for emails and chats </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>described themselves as &quot;family technician&quot; </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>barriers of understanding </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Boys use Internet for games </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>described themselves as &quot;computer capable&quot; </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>understand terminology </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Might be more than one way to teach </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Girls lack terminology of technology </li></ul></ul>

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Summaries: Jessie <ul><li> </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Gender Gap Exists </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>No longer with respect to access </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Current Issue = Usage of Technology </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Self-Efficacy </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Leisure Time </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Access to Internet ( More of socio-economic issue) </li></ul></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Career Demands </li></ul></ul></ul></ul>

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Summaries: Jessie <ul><ul><li>Role of technical jargon </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>“ Do you want to practice computer programming? </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>“ Do you want to create a short Pixar film </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Essentially the same: differences exist in format options are presented </li></ul></ul>

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Summaries: Jessie <ul><ul><li>Role of Educators </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Immerse </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Demonstrate </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Facilitate </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Encourage </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Summaries: Jessie <ul><ul><li>The gap has closed! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Parent Encouragement </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Change in enrollment in classes </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Amount of female professors in traditionally male dominant areas </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The gap is open! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>We have only made progress </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Statistics show differences between genders taking AP exams in computer science and math areas </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Student misconceptions regarding use still exist </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Strategies to Mitigate the Problem - Provide support classes for girls enrolled in technology courses -Facilitate students in immersing in technology -Eliminate technology jargon when presenting uses -Provide Scholarship opportunities

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Strategies to Mitigate the Problem <ul><li>-Target both genders with the possibilities for technology use </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>-Make students aware of possibilities of practical uses of technology </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>-Demonstrate to students how/what they can do in the field of technology </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>-Allow for time in class to utilize/explain technology </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>-Create computer programs or games with girls in mind </li></ul><ul><li>-More than one way to teaching computer competence </li></ul>

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Scholarships <ul><li>http://www.math.umd.edu/~wim/ </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>http://www.college.ucla.edu/UP/SRC/women.htm </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>http://www.umbc.edu/cwit/financial_aid.html </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>http://scholarships.fatomei.com/women.html </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>http://www.google.com/intl/en/anitaborg/ </li></ul><ul><li> </li></ul><ul><li>http://www.ncwit.org/?gclid=CKzN0-eO4I8CFQ5bHgodnjDe2w </li></ul>

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Resources Abramson, G, & Stephenson, C (2006). Has the gender gap closed?. Learning and Leading With Technology . 33 , 6-7. Ching, C., Basham, J., & Jang E. (2005, July). The legacy of the digital divide: gender, socioeconomic status, and early exposure as predictors of full-spectrum technology use among young adults. Urban Education, 40, 4. Retrieved October 21, 2007, from Article Linker EBSCO HOST (Electronic Journals Service) Enochsson, A., (2005, July) A gender perspective on internet use: consequences for information seeking. IR Information Reasearch, 10-4. Retrieved November 2, 2007 from http://informationr.net/ir/10-4/paper237.html Hargittai, E, & Shafer, S (2006). Differences in actual and perceived online skills: The role of gender. Social Science Quarterly . 87 , 432-449.

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Resources Harvard Graduate School of Education, (2001, May). Addressing a Gendered Digital Divide . HGSE News.. Retrieved November 3, 2007, from http://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/features/genderweb0522.org. Kennedy, T., Wellman, B., & Klement, K., (2003, Summer). Gendering the digital divide. IT&Society, 1, 72-96. Retrieved October 21, 2007, from http://www.ITandSociety.org Mayfield, K (2000). Wired. Retrieved November 13, 2007, from Why Girls Don't Compute Web site: http://www.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/2000/04/35654/ Williams, T (2006).Girl power in a digital world: Considering the complexity of gender, literacy, and technology. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy . 50 , 300-308.