This document outlines a research project that aims to identify key reservoirs and environmental drivers of Campylobacter infections, analyze seasonal variations in pathogen levels and their impacts on exposure and disease, and understand transmission pathways to inform control strategies. It describes 5 studies that will analyze historical data patterns of risk, Campylobacter ecology on farms, landscape exposure sources, economic costs and intervention assessments, and alternative future risk projections. The project is a collaboration between multiple UK universities and institutions led by the University of Liverpool.

1. Sources, Seasonality, Transmission and
Control: Campylobacter and human
behaviour in a changing environment
Sarah J O’Brien
Institute of Infection and Global Health
on behalf of the ENIGMA Consortium

2. Aims
• Identify the key reservoirs, environmental and
social drivers of Campylobacter that affect human
disease;
• Analyse seasonal variations in pathogen load and
their impacts on exposure and disease;
• Understand the relative roles of the transmission
pathways and thus points of control;
• Generate future projections of disease risk and its
control.

3. Study 1: Ecological analysis of patterns of
risk using historical data (Diggle)

4. Study 2: The ecology of Campylobacter
infection on farms (Humphrey)

5. Study 3 – Landscape as a direct source of
human exposure (Hunter)

6. Study 4 - The economic costs of
Campylobacter and assessment of
interventions to reduce it (Rigby)

7. Study 5 – Alternative Risk Futures (Rushton)

9. Partners
• Universities of Liverpool (lead), Aberdeen,
Cambridge, East Anglia, Kent, Lancaster,
Manchester, Newcastle
• London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine
• Health Protection Agency

10. Acknowledgments
Grant Reference: GG1100799/1