This document discusses the field of aerodynamics and its application to vehicle design. Aerodynamics is the study of forces generated by air in motion or the motion of objects through air. It can be classified as external or internal, and applies to subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic speeds. Aerodynamics is important for vehicle design including automobiles, ships and bridges to reduce drag, lower fuel consumption, and improve vehicle stability and performance especially at higher speeds. The document outlines the historical development of aerodynamic design of vehicles and methods used to study aerodynamics, including computational modeling and wind tunnel testing.

2. PREFACE
AERODYNAMICS
Study of forces generated by motion of air or moving body.
CLASSIFICATION OF AERODYNAMICS
• External and Internal
• Subsonic
• Supersonic
• Hypersonic
FIELD OF APPLICATION
• Aerospace Engineering
• Design of automobile
• Ships
• Civil Engineering
• Design of bridges etc.

3. NARRATION
• In the early 1920s engineers began to consider
automobile shape in reducing aerodynamic drag at
higher speeds.
• By the 1950s German and British automotive engineers
systematically analyze the effects of automotive drag
for higher performance vehicles.
• By the late 1960s scientists showed awareness in the
significant increase in sound levels emitted by
automobiles at high speed.
• Soon highway engineers began to design roadways to
consider the speed effects of aerodynamic drag
produced sound levels.

4. FEATURES OF AERODYNAMICS
VEHICLES
• Integrate the wheel arcs and lights into the shape
to reduce drag.
• Streamlined.
• Consist of a flat and smooth floor to support the
venturi effect.
• Produce desirable downwards aerodynamic
forces.
• Have a seal between the low pressure region
around wheels and high pressure around the gear
box.
• Have closed engine bay floor.

5. COMPARISION WITH AIRCRAFT
AERODYNAMIC
• Road vehicle shape is much less streamlined
compare to an aircraft.
• The vehicle operates very close to ground rather
than in free air.
• The operating speeds are lower.
• A ground vehicle has fewer degrees of freedom
than an aircraft.
• Ground vehicles is less affected by aerodynamic
forces.
• Ground vehicle have very specific design
constraint.

6. METHODS OF STUDYING
AERODYNAMICS
• Studied using both computer modeling and
wind tunnel testing.
• Example of such a rolling road wind tunnel is
wind shear’s Full scale, Rolling Road,
Automotive wind tunnel in Concord, North
Carolina.

7. DRAG COEFFICIENT
• Common measure in automotive design.
• It impacts the way the automobile passes
through the surrounding air.
• Reducing the drag coefficient in an automobile
improves the performance of the vehicle.

8. DOWN FORCE
It describes the downward pressure created by
the aerodynamic characteristic of a car:
• It allows to travel faster through a corner.
• Very important to produce a good downward
aerodynamic force as effects the car’s speeds
and traction.

9. AERODYNAMIC DEVICES
• Scoops.
• NACA ducts.
• Spoilers.
• Wings.

10. AERODYNAMIC DESIGN TIPS
• Cover open wheels.
• Minimize frontal areas.
• Use Spoilers.
• Use wings.
• Use fronts air dams.
• Use aerodynamics to assist car operations.

11. IMPROVEMENT OF VEHICLE’S
AERODYNAMICS
• Lower the car.
• Clean up the under side of the car.
• Fair the wheel wells.
• Remove the side view mirrors and instead use
a remote camera system.
• A small “Tail cone” Can be affixed near the
bumper to help transition the air from under
the car.

12. AERODYNAMICS FACTS
• Aerodynamics elements in the cars are tested in
wind tunnels.
• The manhole covers on the streets have to be
welded down because the down force of the cars
can lift manhole covers.
• The front wing is the key to the aerodynamic
concept of the F1 car.
• Fuel economy is the focus of the Aerodynamics.

13. OBJECTIVE OF AERODYNAMICS IN
CARS
• Influencing the way a car cuts through air.
• Reducing the drag.
• Reducing wind noise.
• Prevent Undesired lift forces at high speeds.
• Produces desirable downwards aerodynamics
forces to improve traction.

14. THANK
YOU
• Prakash Jha
• Sayan Chatterjee
• Dhiman Das
• Sounak Kumar Maity
• Arnab Sil
• Subham Roy
• Supriyo Chatterjee