Description of fat soluble vitamins

1. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
PRESENTED BY-
DIVYA SINGH
B.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY
IIIrd SEM
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

2. OVERVIEW
 VITAMINS
 CATEGORIES OF VITAMINS
 FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
 VITAMIN A
 VITAMIN D
 VITAMIN E
 VITAMIN K
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. WHAT ARE VITAMINS?
 In 1912, Funk proposed the name.
 Naturally occurring organic substances,
required to maintain normal health of the
organism.
 Have to be supplied in food.
 Some can be synthesized by the organism.
 They are growth factors.
 There are about 25 vitamins.

4. CATEGORIES OF VITAMINS
 Divided into two groups -
1. Fat soluble vitamins
2. Water soluble vitamins
 Fat soluble vitamins- Dissolve in fat.
Like Vitamin-A,D,E,K.
 Water soluble vitamins- Dissolve in water.
Like Vitamin-C and all of B vitamins.

5. FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
 Absorption and transport associated with fat.
 Soluble in fats and oils.
 Stored in liver and adipose tissue.
 Excess consumption is harmful.
 They are isoprenoid compounds.
 Vitamin A,D,E,K.

6. VITAMIN-A
 Discovered by McCollum and Davis.
 Unsaturated alcohol derived from carotene.
 Vitamers of vitamin A-
1) Retinol-Alcohol containing β-ionone ring.
2) Retinal-Aldehyde obtained by oxidation
of retinol.
3) Retinoic acid-Acid obtained by oxidation
of retinal.
4) β-carotene-Found in plant foods.

8.  Can be destroyed by UV light.
 Sensitive to light and air but resistant to heat.
 Human system requires 5000 I.U. Per day for
normal growth.
 Necessary for healthy skin, hair growth.
 Essential for good vision.

9. DEFICIENCY
 Causes night blindness.
 Causes xerophthalamia.
 Causes dermatitis.
 Abnormal growth of the bones.
 Reduces resistive nature.
 Effects salivary and mucous glands.

11. VITAMIN D
 Resemble sterols in structure and function
like a hormone.
 Also referred to as “sunshine vitamin”.
 Main sources of vitamin D activity-
1)Ergocalciferol-Found in plants.
2)Cholecalciferol-Found in animals.
 Controls calcium and phosphorous
metabolism.

13. DEFICIENCY
 Causes rickets.
 Decreases the volume of gastric secretion.

15. VITAMIN E
 Discovered by Sure in 1922.
 Derivative of tocopherols.
 Concerned with normal child birth.
 Also known as anti-sterility vitamin.
 Acts as antioxidant.
 Impaired fat absorption leads to its deficiency.
 Required to take 10-30 mg daily.

17. DEFICIENCY
 Causes blood anaemia.
 Increases concentration of RNA and DNA in
bone marrow.
 Causes increased excretion of pentose sugar
(ribose) in urine.
 Causes some neurological problems like loss
of vibratory sensation.

19. VITAMIN K
 Only enzyme with special coenzyme function.
 Have structure closely related to pthiocol.
 Important derivatives-
1) Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1).
2) Menaquinone (Vitamin K2).
3) Menadione (Vitamin K3).
 Essential for blood clotting.
 Average requirement is almost 1 mg daily.

21. DEFICIENCY
 Haemorrhagic diseases.

23. CONCLUSION
 Vitamins are substances required in small
amounts for normal growth.
 Two categories- Fat and water soluble.
 Vitamin A prevents night blindness.
 Vitamin D prevents rickets.
 Vitamin E essential for normal reproduction.
 Vitamin K required for production of blood
clotting factors.

24. REFERENCES
 Powar C.B, Chatwal G.R; “Biochemistry", fifth
edition 2006, ’published by Himalaya
publishing house’,page no.342-366
 Satyanarayana U, Chakrapani
U;”Biochemistry”, fourth edition, 'Elsevier
publication’
 www.hlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vitamins.html
 www.highlands.edu/academics/biology.html
 www.jenisgreen.com

25. THANK YOU