The document discusses building up polities in post-transitional societies using Croatia as a case study. It notes that polities in the Balkan region are often described as "destroyed" or "weak" due to historical and current factors. Croatia experienced accelerated transitions from nation-building in the 1990s to projected EU integration by 2011. This rapid change has led to social and cultural lags as well as unexpected outcomes like conflicting value systems. The document argues that building strong polities requires policies to strengthen political institutions, civil society, and social cohesion in Croatia.

1. DIVIDED SOCIETIES XII: Building up the Polities; The Balkans IUC Dubrovnik, April 24., 2009 Polity in a Divided Post-Transitional Society: The Case of Croatia Inga Tomić-Koludrović & Mirko Petrić Department of Sociology University of Zadar

2. Building up the Politi e s ↓ implication = “destroyed” or “weak” / i.e. need to be built/

3. the “Balkans” ↓ means different things to different people but consensus = that polities there fit the description of “destroyed” or “weak” /historically & at present/

5. competing terms / geo-political conceptions / the Balkans South East Europe Western Balkans Adriatic Europe former Yugoslavia /+ Albania/ ---------------------- every term tells a story

8. the “post-socialist” countries?

9. the keyword = “diversity” ------------------------------------------------ culture religion /traditional matrices/ value systems ethnic composition political systems (now & in the past) levels of economic development ---------------------------------------------- vary across countries, subregions, regions

10. the post-socialist “transition” ------------------------------------------------ measured by the yardstick of fulfilling EU accession criteria ↓ expressed exclusively in political, economic & legal terms /society & culture = left out / ----------------------------------------------

11. the post-socialist “transition” ------------------------------------------------ the “Copenhagen criteria” (1993) ↓ (1) t he stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy (2) the existence of the function al market economy (3) the ability of the candidate country to take over the r e s ponsibilit i es of membership Eu Council meeting in Madrid (1995) ↓ (4) the adjusting of the administrative and judiciary structures to fit the EU norms ( s o that the Copenhagen criteria can be successfully implemented )

12. Croatia = entering “mature transition” ------------------------------------------------ next to a EU member / failed state index country

13. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ = a post-transitional country ↓ / in social terms / new social arrangements = stabilized after a succession of various sorts of crises

14. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ 1990s ↓ winners : losers new elites war veterans (political . industrial workers & women economic) youth youth youth . retired people … ……… . youth

15. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ 2000 - 2009 ↓ exposure to a new kind of risks increasing global integration ------------------------------------------------------------ (started in the second half of the 1990s, but now with visible consequences at the level of everyday life)

16. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ 1990s ↓  the wars of Yugoslav succession  privatization (“chaotic” / “criminal”) of the former public (“socially owned”) property  “an odd symbiosis of market absolutism and the perception of the ethno-national state as an unmistakable, almost divine entity ” (Katunarić, 1997) ------------------------------------------------------------ - president Tudjman’s vision of 200 Croatian capitalist families

17. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ second half of the 1990s ↓ successive privatizations banks national telecommunications system entry of foreign media ownership ------------------------------------------------------------

18. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ 2000 - 2009 ↓ gradual EU integration constant growth of foreign debt ---------------------------------- 1993: 3,5 billion $ 2000 : 10 billion $ 2009 : 37 + billion $

19. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ accelleration of history ↓ 1992 : nationhood 2011 (projected) : EU membership ---------------------------------  from a “belated nation” to supra-national integration

20. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ consequences of accelleration ↓ culture lag (& social as well) + unexpected / non-standard outcomes ---------------------------------  indicator : co-existense & confusion of various sets of values (premodern – modern – postmodern)

21. Croatia ------------------------------------------------ parallel unfolding of two modernities ↓ in Ulrich Beck’s sense of the terms 1st & 2nd modernity simple & reflexive -------------------------------- Tomić-Koludrović (1999  )

22. . ---------------------------------------------

23. Croatia --------------------------------------------------- shares with other East European (& ex-YU ) countries ↓ a post-socialist transition in conditions of globalization & liquid modernity (Bauman)

24. Croatia : specificities --------------------------------------------------- different from other East European countries ↓ Yugoslav-style socialism (openess, freedom to travel, elements of the market-place, consumer goods available, some liberal values ) / positive & negative aspects /

25. Croatia : specificities --------------------------------------------------- different from other ex-YU countries ↓ “Tradition” (cultural & social, institutional past) + elements of socialist modernization / outcomes of the encounter of such a tradition /

26. : -

27. Croatia : values --------------------------------------------------- Yugoslav-wide survey of youth (late 1980s – Communist Party funded) ↓ interpretation of results ( M. Ule , 1988 ) based on R.Inglehart’s survival & self-expression values & U. Beck’s postmaterialist values (ecology), individualist values

28. Yugoslav-wide youth values survey --------------------------------------------------- postmaterialist & individualist values ↓ Slovenia, Croatia (consistently) + selected cities in N. Serbia (Belgrade – Novi Sad)

29. Yugoslav-wide youth values survey --------------------------------------------------- the rest of Yugoslavia ↓ traditional values + high on authoritarian index low acceptance of entrepreneurial values

30. turn of the century Croatia --------------------------------------------------- some students in Zagreb as high on authoritarian index as youth in Kragujevac (Serbia) in the late 1980s survey (the highest in then-Yugoslavia) -------------------------------------------- what happened?

31. “ transitional” Croatia --------------------------------------------------- the beginning of 1990s – outbreak of war ↓ homogenization , retraditionalization a sort of “counter-secularization” -------------------------------------------- what happened?

32. Croatia : outcomes of retraditionalization etc --------------------------------------------------- ↓ low generalized trust trust in the institutions of Catholic church = highest but values of church-goers = contradict Catholic morality -------------------------------------------- values : confusion / N.B. not “postmodern sampling” but “divided” within a person /

33. polity : policy --------------------------------------------------- polity (in senses ranging from “political community” to the unit of an “organized society”) = “destroyed” or “weak” / i.e. needs to be built/ ----------------------------------------------------------- “building up”  policy

34. polity : community --------------------------------------------------- community (of interest to sociologists) ↓ missing element of identification (Bauman) ----------------------------------------------------------- present in war-time and years of nationalist homogenization now missing

35. polity --------------------------------------------------- community ↓ political institutions civil society -----------------------------------------------------------

36. polity --------------------------------------------------- regression to pre-political ↓ socialist legacy + legacy of 1990s nationalism + neo-liberal ideology

37. building up polities --------------------------------------------------- what is to be done? policy aspects ----------------------------------------- what would you do?