These slides contain all figures from the book: Dirk Draheim. Business Process Technology - A Unified View on Business Processes, Workflows and Enterprise Applications. Springer, 2010.
To Graph or Not to Graph Knowledge Graph Architectures and LLMs
Book Business Process Technology
1. Dirk Draheim
Business Process Technology
A Unified View on Business Processes,
Workflows and Enterprise Applications
Figures
Listings
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
3. Fig. 1.1. Gaps and tensions between
business process modeling, workflow control
and dialogue control
Business Process
Modelling
gaps and tensions
Workflow Application
Definition Programming
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
4. Fig. 2.1. Applying the cohesion principle of
business process reengineering.
(a) (d)
(b) (c) (e) (f)
(ii)
(i)
Business
units (a) Business
Process (d)
Reengineering
(b) (c) (e) (f)
(ii)
(i)
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
5. Fig. 2.2. Identifying and extracting a
potentially parallel activity.
hidden independent activity
1 2 3 4 44b 5 6 7 8 9
Business
Process
Reengineering
5 6 7 time savings
1 2 3 4 8 9
4b
parallel split synchronization
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
6. Fig. 2.3. Gaining routine with tasks by
running process instances in parallel.
sequential process execution
1A 2A 3A
1B 2B 3B
1C 2C 3C
parallel process execution
1A 2A 3A
routine
1B 2B 3B
time savings
1C 2C 3C
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
7. Fig. 2.4. Creating specialized processes for
alternative cases.
sufficient for sufficient for
first case second case
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Business
Process
Reengineering
first case
decision 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 time
point savings
1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10
second case
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
8. Fig. 2.5. Creating a specialized activity for a
lean case.
sufficient for lean case
4b 4c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Business
Process
Reengineering
standard case
decision 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
point
1 2 3 4b 4c 7
lean case time savings
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
9. Fig. 2.6. Business process management
lifecycle.
Business Process Optimization
Business Business
Process Process
Monitoring (Re-)Definition
Business
Process
Execution
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
10. Fig. 2.7. The Deming wheel for quality
control.
PLAN
ACT
ves
objecti
ents
improvem e ar e
ar
fixed
made
ses
proces
ves
objecti e ar e
ar run
red
monito
DO
CHECK
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
11. Fig. 2.8. The business continuity management
lifecycle according to British standard BS 25999.
Understanding
the Organization
Exercising BCM Embedding
Determining
Maintaining program BCM in the
BCM Strategy
Reviewing management Organization
Developing and Implementing
BCM Response
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
12. Fig. 2.9. The stages of the incident timeline
according to BS 25999.
back to normal
as quickly
as possible
Incident Response
Business Continuity
Recovery/Resumption
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
13. Fig. 2.10. ITIL v3 best practices stack
tackling business continuity.
Event Management
Service Catalogue Management Incident Management
Service Level Management Request Fulfilment
Problem Management
Capacity Management
Access Management
Availability Management
Service Operation
Continuity Management
Service Transition
IT Security Management
Service Design
Supplier Management Service Strategy
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
14. Fig. 2.11. Enterprise application integration as
seen by IBM's On Demand Business strategy.
partners
suppliers
Integration
along the
value chain
Manufacturing
horizontal integration Purchasing Sales Distribution
vertical integration
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
15. Fig. 2.12. Forrester Research poll on which business
problems are important resp. very important.
81% Inadequate support for cross-functional processes
Mismatch between
81% application functionality and business requirements
78% High cost compared to value
77% Limits on process change
due to application inflexibility
Lack of visibility and analytic insight
72% into process results
70% Slow upgrade to new functionality
Inability to support employees, partner
63% and customer collaboration
63% Lack of industry-specific functionality
Inability to extend business
56% processes to external partners
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
16. Fig. 2.13. Total impact of IT ownership.
Total Impact
of IT Ownership
Auxiliary
Benefits
Total Cost Total Benefit
of Ownership of Ownership
Hardware Software Operations Cost
Profit
Costs Costs Costs Savings
Availability Scalability Security
Probabilistic
Costs
Quality of Service
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
17. 3.1. System architecture of IBM's San
Francisco framework.
Independent Software Vendor
Solutions
Core Business Processes
Common Business Objects
Foundation
Java Virtual Machine
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
18. Fig. 3.2. Efforts for division of labour and
productizing according to Frederik Brooks.
Interfaces
System Integration
3 Programming
Program
System
3
Generalization
Programming
Testing Programming
System
Documentation Product
Product
Maintenance
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
20. Fig. 3.4. Production planning, execution and
control system architecture.
October
Mo 5 12 19 26
Tue 6 13 20 27
Wed 7 14 21 28
Thu 1 8 15 22 29 Production Planning System
Fri 2 9 16 23 30
Sat 3 10 17 24 31
Sun 4 11 18 25
production production
schedule report
ISA-95
Manufacturing Execution System
operational operational
commands response
ISA-88
Machine and Device Control
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
21. Fig. 3.5. Industrial information integration
backbone.
Production Planning System (PPS)
production production PPS
schedule report Industrial
Information
Integration
Backbone
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) MES
operational operational operational operational
commands response commands response
Machine and Device Control Machine and Device Control
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
22. Fig. 3.6 Cut-out of the Wal-Mart data
warehouse schema.
time dimension operational hierarchy
YEAR_DT
QUATER_DT DIVISION
product dimension MONTH_DT STORE_DEPT REGION
WEEK_DT FLOOR_LOCATION DISTRICT
MERCHANT GROUP
DAY_DT OPERATIONAL_DEPT STORE
MERCHANT SUBGROUP
HOUR_TIME
DEPARTMENT
HOLIDAY
CLASS
facts
PRODUCT UPC_XREF DISCOUNT
(point of sale)
PCS_MERCHANDISE POS_TRANSACTION
VENDOR
CUSTOMER FREQ_SHOPPER TENDER
PRICING REMARKS
RETAIL PRICE CUSTOMER_TENDER_XREF CASH COUPON
EVENT CREDIT_CARD OTHER_TENDER
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
23. Fig. 3.7. Completely crosscutting information
backbone.
Business Intelligence (BI)
planning process
W
D
rules report BI
A
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Industrial
Information
ERP Integration
production production Backbone
schedule report
Manufacturing Execution System (MES) MES
operational operational operational operational
commands response commands response
Machine and Device Control Machine and Device Control
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
24. Fig. 3.8. Direct analytical processing for
manufacturing data.
Analytical
ERP
Processing
Industrial
Information
Integration
Backbone
MES
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
25. Fi.g 4.1. Business process definition and
business process supervisory.
V V
A B C D
business process
design E F G H
VV VV
A B C D
AA BB CC DD
VV VV
A B C D
business process E F G H
supervisory EEE FFF GGG
HHH
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
26. Fig. 4.2. Workflow supervisory and workflow
automation.
VV VV
A B C D
AA BB CC DD
VV VV
A B C D
workflow E F G H
supervisory EEE FFF GGG
HHH
changes
tasks
new
state
workflow
•Task C •Task D
automation •Task F •Task H
•Task E •Task D
Dialogue
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
27. Fig. 4.3. Workflow Management Coalition
workflow reference model.
Definition Tool Administrator
references generates references
Process Definition
interprets
Organizational
Role/Model Data Workflow
maintains Control
refers to Data
Workflow Workflow
Workflow
Engine Workflow
Application
Application
invokes Applications
interact uses
Workflow via work list
Enactment
Workflow update
Service Work List
Relevant Data
invokes
Worklist Handler Workflow
Workflow
Workflow
Application
Application
Applications
User Interface invokes
User
software components and data of workflow management system external
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010. products and data
28. Fig. 4.4. Complex business process state
resulting from business process cycle.
C
C
B1
B A1
B2
V
A
V
instantiation A2 B3
A3
A4
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
29. Fig. 4.5. Supervision of production process
instances. 8:00 8:30 9:00 9:30 10:00 10:30
9:23
A1 03 05 09 12
A1 A2 A3
A A2 01 06 07 10
A3 02 04 08 11
B1 B2 B3 B1 02 07
B4 B5 B6 B2 03 08
B3 01 09
B
B4 06
B5 04
B6 05
C1 C2
C1 02 01
C
C2
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010. 03 06
30. Fig. 4.6. Example ARIS process chain.
Business Partner
Event Function Information Object
Organizational Unit
Output
Customer
Customer Order
order arrived
Sales
Order
Item
Processing
Order Confirmation
accepted
Customer
Order
Plant
Order Manufacturing
Planning Orders
Order Production
included Plan
in planning
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
31. Fig. 4.7. Events in business process
modeling languages and Petri nets.
capture
capture
registration registration
registration
registration
captured captured
(i)
V (ii)
confirm insert insert
data
registration data confirm
registration
registration data
confirmed inserted data
registration inserted
confirmed
V
condition or place
process
event or transition
registration process
registration
registration registration
processed processed
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
32. Fig. 4.8. Alternatives to express decision
points in visual process specifications.
yes
DIN66001
(i) cond
flowchart
no
cond
(ii) BPMN
decision
construct default alternative
cond
event-driven
(iii) XOR
process chain
cond
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
33. Fig. 4.9. Modeling an expiring condition.
V
confirm insert
registration data
If the registration has been confirmed
and the data has been inserted
proceed with processing the
registration. If the data has been
inserted and it takes more than 1 day
before the confirmation has been
completed, repeat the data insertion process
step in order to check whether the data registration
is still valid.
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
34. Fig. 4.10. Specification of starting an
operation process in a hospital.
operation
requested
surgeon team V
operation
available
operating theatre
available
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
35. 4.11. A Petri net specification of starting an
operation process.
operation
requested
surgeon team surgeon team
not available available
operation
OP theatre
OP theatre
not available
available
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
36. 4.12. Alternative specification of starting an
operation process.
operation
requested
V
operation
surgeon team
available
and
OP theatre
available
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
37. Fig. 4.13. Specification of an even simpler
start of an operation process.
operation
requested
V
operation
operating theatre
available
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
38. 4.14. A Petri net specification of the
operation process.
operation
operation
requested
OP theatre
available
maintenance OP theatre
requested maintenance
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
39. Fig. 4.15. Attempt to model processes
competing for a resource.
operation V
requesting operation
step
operating theatre
available
maintenance V operating
requesting theatre
step maintenance
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
40. Fig. 4.16. End synchronization of two
business processes.
process A
A B
process C
V V
E F
C D
process B
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
41. Fig. 4.17. Synchronization of two business
processes at a synchronization point.
process A
A B E F
V V V
C D G H
process B
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
42. 4.18. Business process synchronization in
presence of cycles.
(i) V
V
B C V
1 A F
V
D E
(ii) V
V
2 B C V
A F
V
D 3 E
(iii) V
V
B C 4 V
5 A F
V
D 3 E
(iv) V
V
6 B C 4 V
A F
V
7D 3 E
(v) V
V
6 B C 4 V
9 A F
V
D 3 8 E
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
43. Fig. 4.19. History of the business process
instance in Fig. 4.18.
4
2 6
1 5 8
3 7
9
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
44. Fig. 4.20. Modified version of the business
process model in Fig. 4.18.
V
true
B 11 C 4
A V
V
F
V
false D 8 E 10
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
45. 5.1. Building a model hierarchy bottom-up.
decomposition
abstraction
decomposition
abstraction
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
46. 5.2. A business process model with data
flow and role specifications.
B E J M
A C F H I K N P
D G L O
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
47. 5.3. Example for decomposition with unique
start and exit points.
AH IP
B E J M
A C F H I K N P
D G L O
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
48. Fig. 5.4. Transforming a decomposition that
spans more than one level.
A A
B B E-Wrapper
C D E C D E
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
49. Fig. 5.5. Transforming an explicitly given
hierarchy.
A A
B B E
C D E C D
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
50. Fig. 5.6. Recursion via levels.
x
A B
¬x
CD
y
C D
¬y
AB
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
51. Fig. 5.7. The usage of case distinctions in
data flow diagrams.
x x
A B A B
¬x
¬x
(i) (ii)
CD CD
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
52. Fig. 5.8. An instance of the business
process model in Fig. 5.6.
A ¬x
C ¬y
A ¬x
y
C D
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
53. Fig. 5.9. Flattening the recursive business
process specification in Fig. 5.6.
x
A B
¬x
¬y
C D
y
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
54. Fig. 5.10. Self-recursive business process
model that is not end-recursive.
x
A B
¬x
AB
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
55. Fig. 5.11. An instance of the business
process model in Fig. 5.10.
A ¬x B
A ¬x B
A ¬x B
x
A B
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
56. Fig. 5.12. Flattening the recursive business
process specification in Fig. 5.10.
x c=0
c:=0 A B
¬x c>0
c:=c+1 c:=c-1
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
57. Fig. 5.13. Example for decomposition with
multiple start and exit points.
ii v viii ix
i AD iii vi EL x xi MP xiv
iv vii xii xiii
B ii ix M
i
A C iii v E J viii xi N P xiv
D iv vi F H I K x xiii O
vii G L xii
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
58. Fig. 5.14. Alternative control flows for a sub
business process from Fig. 5.2.
c1
B E
c2
(i) A XOR C F OR H
else
D G
B E
v
(ii) A C F OR H
D G
B E
v v
(iii) A C F H
D G
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
59. Fig. 5.15. Decomposing a business process
according to business goals.
B E
L O
D G
J
A BP AL MO
B E J M
A C F H I K N P
D G L O
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
60. Fig. 5.16. Overlapping business goals that
are compatible in a hierarchy.
c1
BECF
c2
A XOR OR H
c2
else CFDG
c1
B E
c2
A XOR C F OR H
else
D G
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
61. Fig. 5.17. An alternative business process
specification with duplicated activities yielding
more options for decomposition.
B E H I J M P
A C F H I K N P
D G H I L O P
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
62. Fig. 5.18. An example business goal
oriented decomposition.
v BEHIJMP
ii
i ACDG iv vi FHIKNP
iii
vii HILOP
ii v B E H I J M P
i A C iii vi F H I K N P
D G iv vii H I L O P
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
63. Fig. 5.19. Parallel decomposition of activities
and transitions.
AD EL MP
B ii ix M
i A C iii v E J viii xi N P xiv
D iv vi F H I K x xiii O
vii G L xii
ii v
viii ix
iii vi
x xi
iv vii
xii xiii
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
64. Fig. 5.20. Completely symmetric decomposition of
nodes and edges in a graph.
AB DF H LM
A B D E F
G H I J K L M
C
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
65. Fig. 5.21. Simple example for parallel
decomposition of activities and transitions.
AC DE
B D
A
C E
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
66. Fig. 5.22. Tyical structural frictions in a combined
business process and system model.
Customer System Analyst
Visio
EPCs
Function Trees MindMap
Task Models
Word
Articles Home Delete Car ?
• Book
Delete
Change
Delete Home
• Car Book YES NO
Delete
Car
Welcome You are !
welcome
• House
House
Login • Article 123123 Article 123123
Articles • Article 09358345 Article 09358345
Name Error Logout Change House ?
ID Search
Change House !
Name Ground: Solid
PWD
SUBMIT
Result Home Ground Solid
Wall: Thick
ID
SUBMIT • Dog • Cow
ChangeHome Wall Thick
Window: Glass Change
Delete
PWD • Cat • Song Book Window Glass
• Mouse • Carol Car Change
Door: Wood
Door Metal
Roof: Red
• Fiddle • Carot House Abort
• Moon • Meadow Article 123123 Roof Blue Pool: 2m
Article 09358345
Pool 1m
EPCs Magic Draw
State Charts
Class Diagrams Word
System Designer Developer
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
67. Fig. 5.23. Mitigating structural frictions in a
combined business process and system model.
business process notation
single selected modeling tool
selected
notation
other
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
68. Fig. 5.24. Variant Modeling.
cus
cu
cu
st
re
tom
st
fer
om
sal
om
es en
er
er p
ce
er
mo pr
pr
du
pr
lar oc
roc
oc
oc
iza e ss
es
tio
es
es
n
s
s
natural
s (i
(i)
(ii
on-the-fly
)
ii)
hierarchy
Articles Home Delete Car ?
Login • Book Delete Delete Home
• Car Book YES NO
Name You are • House Change Car Delete
Welcome welcome ! • Article 123123 House
ID • Article 09358345 Article 123123
PWD SUBMIT Articles Article 09358345
Logout Change House ?
Change House !
Search Ground: Solid
Result Home Ground Solid
Wall: Thick
• Dog • Cow
Change Home Wall Thick
Window: Glass
Error Change
• Cat • Song Book Delete Window Glass Door: Wood
• Mouse • Carol Car Door Metal Change Roof: Red
Name • Fiddle • Carot House Pool: 2m Abort
Article 123123 Roof Blue
ID • Moon • Meadow
SUBMIT Article 09358345 Pool 1m
PWD
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
69. Fig. 6.1. Semi-formal formation rules for
structured flowcharts.
(i)
basic activity A
(ii) C
sequence C D
D
C
(iii) C
case
D
D
(iv) y
do-while C C
n
n
(v)
repeat-until C C
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
y
70. 6.2. Example flowchart that is not a D-
flowchart.
n
n
A B y C D
y
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
71. Fig. 6.3. Characterization of bisimilarity for
business process models.
(i) A A
(ii) A C A D iff C D
y C y E C E
(iii) iff
n
D
n
F D F
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
72. Fig. 6.4. Example business process model
that is not structured.
y
A
n
y
B n C
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
73. Fig. 6.5. Structured business process models that
replace the non-structured one in Fig. 6.4.
y y
A A
n n
C C
n n
B B
y y
A A
n
(i) A (ii)
y
n y
B B
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
74. Fig. 6.6. Block-structured versus arbitrary
business process model. 6
y
6 A
n
7
y
A 4
n C
1
n
B B
2 y
y
C
n A
ii 7
6 ii 6 5 y
ii A B 4
n
iv C 3 C 1
2 2 B 3
2
1 B 1 B
5
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. A
A
Springer-Verlag 2010.
75. Fig. 6.7. Listing enriched with arrows for
making jump structure explicit.
01 WHILE alpha DO
02 A;
03 B;
04 IF beta THEN GOTO 02;
05 C;
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
76. Fig. 6.8. Example business process hierarchy.
C
n
DoA B
+
y
A DoA B
+
DoA
y
A
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
77. Fig. 6.9. Example for a deeper business
process hierarchy.
C
n
DoA B
+
y
Ado B
+
Ado
A DoA
+
DoA
y
A
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
78. Fig. 6.10. Structured business process model that
replaces the non-structured one in Fig. 6.2.
n
n
A B y C D
y
B
y A
n B
C
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
79. Fig. 6.11. Two example business processes
without structured presentation using no other than
their own primitives.
reject workpiece quality must amount exceeds revision is
due to defects be improved threshold necessary
y y prepare y approve y
handle quality
purchase purchase
workpiece insurance
order order
n n n n
(i) dispose (ii) submit
finish
deficient purchase
workpiece
workpiece order
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
80. Fig. 6.12. Business process with cycle that
is exited via two distinguishable paths.
y y
A B
n n
C D
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
81. Fig. 6.13. Resolution of business process cycles
with multiple distinguishable exits by the usage of
auxiliary logic and state.
:=false
y y
A :=true A B
n
n
C D
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
82. Fig. 6.14. Two business processes that are
not behavioral equivalent.
(i) A B (ii) B
y y
A
n n
A C C
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
83. Fig. 7.1. Process definition with one form for each
activity as implementing system dialogue.
A B C D
Start Start Start Start
a a b b c c d d
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
84. Fig. 7.2. Strictly chained forms of a terminal-
server style workflow system.
A A
Tasks A02:a1 A02:a2 A02:a3 Tasks A01:a1 A01:a2 A01:a3
A01 1. foo 1. ding 1. ben A01 1. you 1. to 1. and
A02 2. bar 2. bats 2. ach A03 2. can 2. und 2. tha
A03 3. zapf 3. mac 3. can B02 3. try 3. ers 3. ttt
Start Submit Submit Submit Start Submit Submit Submit
Tasks B01:b1 B01:b2 B01:b3 Tasks C01:c1 C01:c2 C01:c3
A03 1. asd 1. aba 1. all A03 1. fer 1. orzu 1. nefg
B02 2. ist 2. nix 2. och B02 2. qwe 2. deda 2. ga
B01 3. nun 3. hier 3. den C01 3. dd 3. bnu 3. tuht
Start Submit Submit Submit Start Submit Submit Submit
B C
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
85. Fig. 7.3. Alternative activity support by a
superform-based dialogue.
A
Start
a
+
b
a/b/c/d +
c
+
d
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
86. Fig. 7.4. Workflow system that allows for
saving screen states.
A02:a A03:a A02:a A02:a
Tasks 1. foo Tasks 1. this Tasks 1. foo 1. foo Tasks
A01 2. b A01 2. isr A01 2. b 2. bar A01
A02 3. A02 3. eally A02 3. 3. asd B03
A03 A03 B03 B02
Save Save Save Save
Start Start Start Start
Submit Submit Submit Submit
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
87. Fig. 7.5. Exploiting windowing for saving
screen states of a workflow system.
A02:a A02:a A02:a
Tasks Tasks 1. foo
Tasks 1. foo
Tasks 1. foo 1.
A01 A01 A01 A03:a A01 A03:a
2. b 2. b this 2.
2. b this
A02 A02 A02 A02
3. 3. isr 3. 3.
isr
A03 A03 A03 A03
Submit Submit
ea Submit
eally
Start Start Start Start
Submit Submit
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
88. Fig. 7.6. Virtual screens versus viewports
versus windows.
virtual screens
computer terminal
windows
viewports
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
89. Fig. 7.7. Exploiting the root pane of a
windowing system as worklist.
A03:a A03:a A03:a A03:a
1. 1. 1. this 1.
A02:a A02:a A02:a A02:a
1. 2. 1. foo 2. 1. 2. isr 1. foo 2.
A01:a A01:a A01:a A02:a
3. 3. 3. ea 3.
1. 2. 1. 2. b 1. 2. 1. 2. b
2. 3. Submit
2. 3. Submit 2. 3. Submit 2. 3. Submit
3. Submit 3. Submit 3. Submit 3. Submit
Submit Submit Submit Submit
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
90. Fig. 7.8. Fully exploiting windowing for
saving screen states of a workflow system.
1. 1. 1.
A02:a A03:a A02:a
1. 2.
foo 1. 2.
this 1. 2.
foo
2. b3. 2. 3.
isr 2. b3.
3. 3. ea 3.
Submit Submit Submit
A01:a A01:a A01:a A01:a A01:a A01:a
A02:a A02:a A02:a A02:a
A03:a A03:a A03:a A03:a A03:a
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
91. Fig. 7.9. Process definition with complex
activity implementing system dialogues.
A B C D
Start Start Start Start
a3 b3 c3 d3
a1 b1 c1 d1
a3 b3 c3 d3
a1 b1 c1 d1
a2 a2 b2 b2 c2 c2 d2 d2
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
92. Fig. 7.10. Strictly chained process execution
in a terminal-server style workflow system.
A A
Tasks A02:a1 A02:a2 A02:a3 Tasks A01:a1 A01:a2 A01:a3
A01 1. foo 1. ding 1. ben A01 1. you 1. to 1. and
A02 2. bar 2. bats 2. ach A03 2. can 2. und 2. tha
A03 3. zapf 3. mac 3. can B02 3. try 3. ers 3. ttt
Start Submit Submit Submit Start Submit Submit Submit
Tasks B01:b1 B01:b2 B01:b3 Tasks C01:c1 C01:c2 C01:c3
A03 1. asd 1. aba 1. all A03 1. fer 1. orzu 1. nefg
B02 2. ist 2. nix 2. och B02 2. qwe 2. deda 2. ga
B01 3. nun 3. hier 3. den C01 3. dd 3. bnu 3. tuht
Start Submit Submit Submit Start Submit Submit Submit
B C
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
93. Fig. 7.11. Roles attached to a workflow
definition.
B E H
A C D F G I
Role X Role Y Role Z
T U V
PT PU PV
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
94. Fig. 7.12. Repaintings of the workflow
definition in Fig. 7.11.
D
U
V
A E
T U
V V
(i) A D (ii) D
T U U F
U
V
B E B E
T U T U
V V V V V V V V
D
C F F U
V
T U C U E
T U
V V
F
U
V
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
95. Fig. 7.13. Business process model with the
same role attached to multiple activities.
B
A C
Role X
T U V
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
96. Fig. 7.14. Attempt to detail the meaning of
the process model in Fig. 7.13.
B
A C
Role X
TUV
T U V
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
97. Fig. 7.15. Business process with complex actor
assignment for conducting a business trip.
manager A
manager C
manager B
Team Team Team Team Team Team
A B C A B C
deputies
team
employee employee
manager
travel review travel
application travel accepted travel
application
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
98. Fig. 7.16. General dynamic actor scheduling
in workflow automation.
enterprise
resource
data
workflow history
dynamic
staffing
Task
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.
99. Fig. 8.1. The evolution of SOA paradigms
and visions.
Flexible Software
Processes Productizing
B2B 2000
EAI 1996
D. Draheim. Business Process Technology. Springer-Verlag 2010.