PROJECT WORK LB CLG.pdf

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A STUDY ON -TRADING OF COMMERCE
Area of study:-
Trade meaning:-
Trade refers to the voluntary exchange of goods or services between economic
actors. Since transactions are consensual, trade is generally considered to
benefit both parties. In finance, trading refers to purchasing and selling
securities or other assets.
Imports:-
An import is a good or service bought in one country that was produced in
another. Imports and exports are the components of international trade. If the
value of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports, the country has a
negative balance of trade, also known as a trade deficit.
Exports:-
Exporting refers to the selling of goods and services from the home country to a
foreign nation. Whereas, importing refers to the purchase of foreign products
and bringing them into one's home country.
Commerce:-
Commerce is the exchange of goods or services among two or more parties. It is
the subset of business that focuses on the sale of finished or unfinished products
rather than their sourcing, manufacturing, transportation, or marketing.

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HISTORY:-
Trade refers to the voluntary exchange of goods or services between economic actors.
Since transactions are consensual, trade is generally considered to benefit both
parties. In finance, trading refers to purchasing and selling securities or other assets.
Trade and commerce played a significant role in the evolution of the economy of India.
It was shown from the archaeological evidence that trade and commerce through land
and sea played a very important role in the growth of the Indian economy.
There are two major types of trade both of which have two subparts as well: Domestic
trade. Wholesale trade. Retail trade.
WHO IS FATHER OF COMMERCE? According to Greek mythology, Poseidon is the
father of Commerce. And, K Vaitheeswaran is known as the father of Indian E.
Commerce.
India's top import products contain Mineral fuels including oil, Gems, precious metals,
Electrical machinery, equipment, Machinery including computers and Organic
chemicals. Several foreign trade markets are majority dependent on India for
importing specific goods from several growing countries.
Imports The top imports of India are Crude Petroleum ($93.5B), Gold ($58.4B), Coal
Briquettes ($28.4B), Diamonds ($26B), and Petroleum Gas ($21.9B), importing mostly
from China ($94.1B), United Arab Emirates ($42B), United States ($39.1B), Switzerland
($31.8B), and Saudi Arabia ($25.6B).
Exports The top exports of India are Refined Petroleum ($49B), Diamonds ($26.3B),
Packaged Medicaments ($19.2B), Jewellery ($10.7B), and Rice ($10B), exporting
mostly to United States ($71.2B), United Arab Emirates ($25.4B), China ($23.1B),
Bangladesh ($14.1B), and Hong Kong ($11.2B).
• Leather And Its Products. ...
• Petroleum Products. ...
• Gems And Jewellery. ...
• Automobiles And Equipment. ...
• Pharmaceutical Products. ...
• Electronic Goods. ...
• Dairy Products. ...
• Handloom And Cotton Yarns.

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CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVE AND
RESEARCH METHODOLGY

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OBJECTIVE:-
1. To know whether people know about imports and exports of
goods.
2. To know about imports and exports of business goods.
3. To analyse the experience of imports and exports benefits and
problems.
4. To study liberalization effects on the trade in commerce.
5. To encourage and motivate for the business to improve and
move forward as a no 1 business of imports and exports of
goods one country to another country to accept all the
students motivate.
2.2 HYPOTHASIS
Ho – There is no minimum knowledge about the imports and exports of
goods and services of business between the students.
H1 – There is a minimum knowledge about the imports and exports of
goods and services of business between the students.
2.3 METHODOLOGY
The data collection methods include both the primary and secondary
collection methods.

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SOURCE OF DATA
1. Primary Data:-
The primary refers to the source of the collecting original data
in which the research made use of empirical approach such as
personal interview with the help of structured questionnaire.
The questionnaire were administered to selected 42
respondents.
2. Secondary Data:-
The secondary data were obtained by the Research from
magazines, library and online sources like internet.
SCOPE OF STUDY:
Under this study only Hyderabad students have been covered
to access the information.
SAMPLING DATA
Sampling procedure:
The sampling procedure which we adopted To gather the
information is simple random
sampling. It gives the opportunity to everyone to share their
opinion with us.
Size of the sample:
Questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the 40
respondents. A structured
and easy to understand questionnaire has been created for
present study.

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PERIOD OF STUDY
➢ Period of study from MARCH 2023 TO MAY 2023.
LIMITATIONS OF STUDY
➢ Study is limited only in Hyderabad.
➢ Under this study only students are included.
➢ Lack of cooperation from students for filling questionnaire.
➢ Chances of lack of genius opinions.
➢ It took more time for collection of primary data.

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3.1 IMPORT AND EXPORT OF GOODS
Import and export of goods:- Imports are any good or service brought in from
one country to another, while exports are goods and services produced in the
home country for sale to other markets. Thus, whether you're importing or
exporting a product (or both) depends on your orientation to the transaction.
Imports can be finished products, like cars, TV sets, computers, or sneakers, or
they can be raw materials, such as zinc, oil, wood, or grains. They can also be
services, like financial services, travel services, and insurance. Imports are a vital
part of the U.S. and global economy imports can be finished products, like cars,
TV sets, computers, or sneakers, or they can be raw materials, such as zinc, oil,
wood, or grains. They can also be services, like financial services, travel services,
and insurance. Imports are a vital part of the U.S. and global economy.
Importing and Exporting of business
It is a good bet to claim that you have a decent idea of what Import and Export are
about. Importing and Exporting supports the development of national economies
and extends the global market . But are you aware of its advantages and
disadvantages? Let’s have a look at them
3.2 HISTORY (Business in India.)
Import and export of business was started and act on 1947.
(30th September, 1947.) It is hereby enacted as follows :
1. (1) This Act may be called the Control of Imports and Exports (Temporary) Act,
1947. (2) It shall come into force at once and shall remain in force until the
President of the Union, by notification, directs that it shall cease to be in force.
The history of importing and exporting dates back to the Roman Empire, when
European and Asian traders imported and exported goods across the vast lands
of Eurasia. Trading along the Silk Road flourished during the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries.

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Imports and exports of goods business was started in India 1498.
In 1498 Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama landed in Calicut (modern day
Kozhikode in Kerala) as the first European to ever sail to India. The tremendous
profit made during this trip made the Portuguese eager for more trade with
India and attracted other European navigators and tradesmen.
In the year of imports and exports of goods business was set up act 1981.
Exim Bank was established by the Government of India, under the Export-Import
Bank of India Act, 1981 as a purveyor of export credit, mirroring global Export
Credit Agencies. Exim Bank serves as a growth engine for industries and SMEs
through a wide range of products and services.
The items of export and import in ancient period.
In ancient India, the exports majorly consisted of spices, wheat, indigo, opium,
sugar, sesame live animals oil, cotton, and animal products such as hides, skin,
furs, horns, tortoise shells, pearls, sapphires, crystal, lazuli, granites, turquoise,
and copper etc.
Import and export policy 1991.
The 1991 policy allowed export houses and trading houses to import a wide
range of items. The government also permitted the setting up of trading houses
with 51 per cent foreign equity for the purpose of promoting exports. The 1994-
95 policy introduced a new category of trading houses called Super Star Trading
Houses.
The Exim policy 1997 to 2002
To improve the technological strength and efficiency of Indian agriculture,
industry and services, thereby, improving their competitiveness. To create new
employment. Opportunities and encourage the attainment of internationally
accepted standards of quality.

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Export was act passed
An Act to provide for the sound development of the export trade of India
through quality control and inspection and for matters connected therewith.
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. This Act may be called the Export (Quality Control and Inspection)
Act, 1963.
How to Start an Import/Export Business From Home
by Jasmine Elliott

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Import/exporting businesses can be profitable, and not just for big
businesses, but for the lone import/export merchants out there, too, who
have a knack for sales and a love for adventure.
In 2018, total U.S. trade with foreign countries amounted to $5.6 trillion.
Broken down, that was $2.5 trillion in exports and $3.1 trillion in imports of
both services and goods.
If you’re interested in taking advantage of this booming industry by starting
an at-home import/export business, the good news is that it doesn’t take
much to get started. It requires little investment and minimal resources.
To get started with your next exciting business venture, follow the below
step-by-step guide explaining the basics of how to establish an
import/export business from home:
1. Select a Product To Import/Export
The first thing you’ll need to do is choose a product to import or export. The
two main reasons to choose a product to import or export are, first, you
know it will sell, or, second, you like it. If you can check off both those boxes,
you’re in even better shape.
Once you’ve selected a product that you think will sell in a particular market,
you’ll next need to determine whether you can trade that product or not. A
bit of research is needed at this point. If the product can be traded, you’re
ready to get started developing your new business.
2. Set Up a Website
Establishing an import/export business can’t be done without setting up a
website that allows you to network with others. The goal should be to
develop an online presence that gives you channels to communicate, sell
products, and grow your customer base.
Popular web hosting companies you can use to set up your website
include Network Solutions, GoDaddy and Verio. When developing your
website, be sure to include your contact information and relevant
information about your business.
3. Determine Whether You Need an Import/Export Business License
To have a functional import/export business, you may need to obtain an
import/export business license. Look here for more information on whether
the product you’re importing or exporting requires one.
Once you’ve researched whether you need an import/export business
license, you can then look into whether any specific international regulations
are associated with the product you plan to trade. You’ll want to make sure

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you stay informed on specific regulations every time you start trading with
a new country.
Since you’re starting an at-home business, it’s likely just you doing all the
work, so get in the habit of researching international regulations early on to
avoid mistakes down the road.
4. Find a Supplier
Once you’ve selected your product, set up your website, performed product
and market research, and finalized any necessary paperwork, you’ll next
need to find a supplier. Popular business-to-business platforms such
as Alibaba, Global Sources, and TradeKey are excellent sources for finding
suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, importers, trade leads, wholesalers,
and buyers.
5. Ship Your Products
When figuring out the logistics of moving your products, you can do the
research yourself on how to get your product shipped out. Type, shipping
car to Nigeria from USA, into your Google search bar for example and you’ll
likely find information on how to transport vehicles to Africa.
If on the other hand, you don’t want to do your own research, you can
instead hire a global freight forwarder to distribute your products for you.
The advantage of doing this is that you save time and you don’t have to deal
with transporting your products from the factory to a warehouse.
Continue To Provide Excellent Customer Service Even After the Sale is Made
After you finalize a deal with a global customer, be sure to continue to
cultivate a good relationship with them. Extending a hand of gratitude for
their business through phone, email, or in-person will not only be
appreciated but may lead to repeat business dealings with them down the
road.
3.3 INVESTMENTS
You can start your own export business in just a few easy steps. Register your
business, obtain PAN, IEC, open a current bank account and setup your
product manufacturing or sourcing mechanism. Post this, you can register
with Amazon Global Selling and export your products internationally without
any heavy investment. Top products contributing to India's exports include
engineering goods, gems and jewellery, footwear, apparel, spices and other
raw materials.

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How much Investment is Needed to Start a Export Import Business. You
don't always need a huge capital or investment to start an international
business. All you need is dedication towards your work and creative idea to
sell your product. An export import business in India can be start in around
investing 50,000- 1lacs.
LICENES
The most profitable export business in India is the export of
pharmaceuticals, followed by the exports of textiles and apparel,
engineering goods, chemicals, gems and jewellery, leather goods, food and
beverages, and marine products.
Government Fee: According to the DGFT's latest notification, The
government fee for an IEC code application is ₹500 , which needs to be paid
by the applicant entity at the time of application. The payment can be done
online via Credit/Debit Cards, UPI or Net banking.
David Cameron has strongly expressed his want for a 'special relationship'
with India and with the largest trade delegation ever to accompany a British

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prime minister to any country in the world, the message couldn't be clearer.
India's total merchandise trade has increased over three-fold from $252bn
in 2006 to $794 in 2012 - both exports and imports have trebled during this
period according to the Export-Import Bank of India (Exim bank). The bank
is the premier export finance institution of the country and was set up for
the purpose of financing, facilitating, and promoting foreign trade of India.
3.4 FINANCE
What is import and export financing? A. Import financing helps to meet the
expenses involved with purchasing goods from foreign suppliers. On the
other hand, export financing supports selling products to buyers based in
foreign countries. What are import and export trade financing? Import and
export financing, as their titles imply, pay for the accompanying expenses
associated with receiving and shipping goods to and from companies in
other parts of the world. From tariffs to freight rates, duties and fees, capital
requirements run the gamut.

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Inventory + Trade Receivables – Trade Payables
Days Inventory Outstanding + Days Sales Outstanding – Days Payables
Outstanding. Working capital financing requirement can be expressed as a
number in currency or in days.
Maintaining the appropriate balance of imports and exports is crucial for a
country. The importing and exporting activity of a country can influence a
country's GDP, its exchange rate, and its level of inflation and interest rates.
3.5 CRITICISM
The power factor of this type of load is a lagging power factor. In Quadrant
2, active energy is considered as “import”, but reactive energy is considered as
“export”. This is called reactive (capacitive) while active import The power factor
of this type of load is a leading power factors. These factors include everything
from political circumstances, currency exchange rates, social/consumer
behaviour, factor endowments (labour, capital and land), productivity, to trade
policies, inflation and demand.
Factors affecting demand
• Price of the Product. ...
• The Consumer's Income. ...
• The Price of Related Goods. ...
• The Tastes and Preferences of Consumers. ...
• The Consumer's Expectations. ...
• The Number of Consumers in the Market
3.6 KEY PEOPLE
Bord of directors of business of imports and exports of goods.
• Dr. P.P. Radhakrishnan - Founder President - Indian Institution of Export
and Import Management.
• Sh. Amit Yadav, IAS, is currently serving as Director General, Directorate
General of Foreign Trade.
• Pankaj Kantilal Vora.
• Mahesh Kantilal Shavdia.
• Kersasp Sapal Mistry.

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3.7 CURRENT OPERATIONS
India's exports of goods hit a record high in FY 2022, totalling US$417.81 billion,
up 43.18 percent from US$291.18 billion in FY 2021. India's product imports
surged to US$610.22 billion during the same time, up 54.71% from the
US$394.44 billion recorded during FY 2021.
What is the current status of exports in India?
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Statement 6: Merchandise Non-POL Non-GJ Trade Apr 2021-Jan 2022
Value in Billion USD % Growth
2021-22 (Apr-Jan) 2021-22 (Apr-Jan) over 2020-21 (Apr-Jan)
Exports 255.69 34.95
Imports 298.65 45.06
What are the import and export operations?
Typically, the procedure for import and export activities involves ensuring
licensing and compliance before the shipping of goods, arranging for transport
and warehousing after the unloading of goods, and getting customs clearance
as well as paying taxes before the release of goods.

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CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION

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Data Interpretations
1. Age wise classification of the respondents:
Table No.01
Interpretation
The above table reveals the age distribution of the respondents. According to
the survey out of 40 respondents, 14 respondents are the age of group 15-20,
25 respondents are the age group of 21-30, and 1 respondent is in the age group
of 31-40.
Conclusion
From the survey, maximum members of respondents are in the age group 21-
30 and the minimum members of respondents are in the age group 15-20.
14, 35%
25, 62%
1, 3% 0, 0%
Chart no 01
15-20 21-30 31-40 above 40
Age No of Respondents Percentage
15-20 14 35.00%
21-30 25 62.50%
31-40 1 2.50%
Above 40 0 0.00%
Total 40 100%

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2. wise classification of the respondents:
Table no. 02
Gender No of Respondents Percentages
Male 35 87.50%
Female 5 12.50%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
According to the survey out of 40 respondents, 87.50% are males that is 5
respondents are 12.50%.
Conclusion
From the survey, most of the respondents are male are more than females.
87.5, 87%
12.5, 13%
0
Chart no 02
Male Female others

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3. Qualification of the respondents:
Table no 03
Qualification No of Respondents Percentages
SSC 4 10%
Intermediate 7 17.50%
Under Graduate 28 70.00%
Post Graduate 1 2.50%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
In this survey I was observed that out of 40 respondents, 10% of the
respondents are SSC, 17.50% if the respondents are from intermediate,
70.00% of the respondents are from the under graduate, and final is
2.50% from the respondents are post graduate.
Conclusion
From the survey, most of the respondents are under graduates and
intermediate students and some of other respondents.
4
7
28
1
Chart no 03
SSC Intermediate Under Graduate Post Graduate

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4. Occupation of the respondents:
Table no 4
Occupation No of Respondents Percentage
Student 30 75.00%
Employee 7 17.50%
Employer 1 2.50%
Self-employed 2 5.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
In this survey we observed that out 40 respondents, 75.00% is only students
i.e.30, 17.50% respondents are from employee I.e.7 only, 2.50% respondents
are from employed i.e.1 only, and the final one is self-employed i.e.2
members only 5.00% respondents.
Conclusion
From the survey. Maximum members of respondents are that is 75.00% of
students only.
30
7
1
2
Chart no 04
Student Employee Employer Self-employed

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5. What do you mean by import trade?
Table no 5
Import trade No of respondents percentages
Purchases goods 10 22.73%
Purchases goods from one country 6 13.64%
Purchases goods from one nation from
another nation
9 20.45%
Purchases goods from all nations 9 20.45%
All the above 10 22.73%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 22.73% of the respondents
are said purchases goods, 13.64% of the respondents are said purchases
goods from one country, 20.45% of the respondents are said purchased
goods from one nation, 20.45% of the respondents are said purchases
goods from all nations, and finally 22.73% of the respondents are said all
the above.
Conclusion
From the survey out of 40 respondents are given different answers.
10
6
9
9
10
Chart no 05
Purchases goods Purchases goods from one country
Purchases foods from one nation Purchases goods from all nations
all the above

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6. What do you mean by export trade?
Table no 06
Export trade No of respondents Percentages
Produced goods in one country 4 10.00%
Goods supplied to buyer in
another company
16 40.00%
A and B 20 50.00%
None of the above 0 0.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 10.00% are produced goods in one
country, 400.00% are goods supplied to buyer in another company, 50% of the
respondents are given A and B, and finally the respondents are given 0.00%
none of the above.
Conclusion
From the survey. It is concluded that most of the respondents selected A and
B, and some of the respondents are selected produced goods from one
country and goods supplied to buyer in another country, and none of the
above.
4
16
20
0
Chart no 06
Produced goods in one country Goods supplied to buyer in another country
A and B none of the above

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7. Do you know about BOP (Balance of payment)?
Table no 7
BOP No of respondents Percentages
Yes 17 42.50%
No 14 35.00%
A little 9 22.50%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 42.50% are selected yes. And some of
them selected 35.00% & 22.50% of other.
Conclusion
From the survey, it is concluded that most of them selected to yes 45.24% and
some of them choose that no and little.
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14
9
Chart no 07
Yes No A little

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8. BOP stands for
Table 08
Bop stands for No of respondents Percentages
Balance of payment 34 85.00%
Balance of process 3 7.50%
Balance of purchases 3 7.50%
Balance of product 0 0.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 85.00% are Balance of payment,
7.50% respondents are given balance of process and balance of purchases
choose.
Conclusion
From the survey it is concluded that maximum members of respondents are
85.00% that balance of payment.
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3
0
3
Chart no 09
Balance of payment Balance of process Balance of purchases Balance of product

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9. BOP also called as?
Table 09
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 35.00% are balance of international
payment, and 35.00% of respondents are given that balance of payments, and
some respondents are given 7.50%, 17.50%, and finally we got 5.00% of
respondents.
Conclusion
From the survey, it observed that maximum members of respondents are
35.00%, so and it concluded that is balance of payments and balance of
international payments chosen.
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2
3
14
7
Chart no 09
Balance of international payment Balance of process
Balance of trade Balance of payment
A and B
BOP No of respondents Percentages
Balance of international payment 14 35.00%
Balance of process 2 5.00%
Balance of trade 3 7.50%
Balance of payments 14 35.00%
A and B 7 17.50%
Total 40 100%

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10.What are the three types of BOP
Table no 10
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 70.00% are respondents A B and C,
and other respondents are 5.00%, 10.00%, 7.50%, 7.50%, none of the above,
trade balance, secondary income, and primary income.
Conclusion
From the survey, it is concluded that maximum members are 70.00% are given
A B and C.
3
3
4
28
2
Chart no 10
Trade balance Primary income balance Secondary income balace A B and C none of the above
Types of BOP No of respondents Percentages
Trade balance 3 7.50%
Primary income balance 3 7.50%
Secondary income balance 4 10.00%
A B and C 28 70.00%
Total 40 100%

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11.What are the types of foreign trade?
Table no 11
Types of foreign trade No of respondents Percentages
Import trade 17 42.50%
Export trade 5 12.50%
Enterpot trade 12 30.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out 40 respondents, 42.50% of respondents are
selected import trade, 12.50% of respondents are selected export trade,
30.00% of respondents are selected enterpot trade, 12.50% of
respondents are selected none of the above, and finally 2.50% of
respondents are selected all of the above.
Conclusion
It is concluded that out 40 respondents, and the maximum members of
the respondents are 42.50%, and the minimum members of the
respondents are 30%
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5
12
5
1
Ckhart no 11
Import trade Export trade Enterpot trade none of the above others

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12.What are the different types of documents used in foreign trade?
Table no 12
Documents No of respondents Percentages
Customs invoice 4 7.27%
Certificate of origin 9 16.36%
Bill of landing 6 10.91%
Airway bill 6 10.91%
Commercial invoice 2 3.64%
Consular invoice 3 5.45%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents,7.27% of respondents are select
that custom invoice, 16.36% of respondents are selected that certificate
of origin, 10.91% of respondents are selected that bill of lading, 10.91% of
the respondents are chose that airway bills, 3.64% of students are
commercial invoice, 5.45% of respondents are consular invoice, 45.45%
of respondents are selected that all the above.
Conclusion
It is conclude that maximum number of respondents are 45.45%,
minimum of respondents that are 16.36%.
4
9
6
6
2
3
25
Chart no 12
Customs invoice Certificated of origin Bill of lading Airway bill
Commercial invoice Consular invoice all of the above

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13.Do you know what types of goods are imports in India?
Table no 13
Types of goods No of respondents percentages
Gold 9 13.43%
Diamond 8 11.94%
Spices 8 11.94%
Plastics 6 8.96%
Steels 5 7.46%
Fertilizer 6 8.96%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 9 respondents are select gold,
8 respondents are selected diamond, 8 respondents are selected that
spices, 6 respondents are selected that plastics, 5 respondents are chose
steels, 6 respondents are chose that fertilizer, 25 respondents are
selected that all the above.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum member of respondents are 37.31%, and
minimum members of respondents are 13.43%.
9
8
8
6
5
6
25
Chart no 13
Gold Diamond Spices Plastics steels Fertilizer all of the above

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14.Do you know what types of goods are exports in India?
Table no 14
types of goods No of respondents percentages
Petrol 12 19.35%
Gems and jewelry 6 9.68%
Automobiles 7 11.29%
Electronics goods 9 14.52%
Organic and chemical 7 11.29%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 19.35% of respondents are
selected petrol, 9.68% of respondents are selected Gems and jewelary,
11.29% of respondents are selected automobiles, 14.52% of respondents
are selected electronic goods, 11.29% of respondents are selected organic
and chemical, and 33.87% of respondents are chose all of the above.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum members of respondents are 35.87%,
12
6
7
9
7
21
Chart no 14
Petrol Gems and jewelry Automobiles
Electronics goods Organic and inorganic chemical all of the above

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15.What are the types of balance of trade?
Table no 15
Balance of trade No of respondents Percentages
Trade deficit 9 22.50%
Reade surplus 5 12.50%
Equilibrium factors 6 15.00%
All of the above 20 50.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
chose that trade deficit, 12.50% of respondents are chose that reade
surplus, 15.00% of respondents are chose that equilibrium factor, 50% of
respondents are chose that all of the above.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum members of respondents is 50%, and
minimum members of respondents is 22.50%.
9
5
6
20
Chart no 15
Trade deficit Reade surplus Equilibrium factors all of the above

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16.What are the factors that affecting of balance of trade?
Table no 16
Factors No of respondents percentages
Endowment factor 3 7.50%
Productivity factor 8 20.00%
Trade barriers 1 2.50%
Demand 8 20.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 7.50% of respondents are chose
that endowment factor, 12.00% of respondents are chose that
productivity, 2.50% of respondents are chose that trade barriers, 20.00%
of respondents are chose that demand, and finally 50% of respondents
are chose that all of the above.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum members of respondents 50%, and
minimum members of respondents 20.00%.
3
8
1
8
20
Chart no 16
Endowment factor Productivity factor Trade barriers Demand all of the above

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17.Do you agree foreign trade that includes that forex?
Table no 17
Foreign trade No of respondents Percentages
Strongly agree 18 45.00%
Agree 11 27.50%
Neutral 7 17.50%
Disagree 2 5.00%
Strong agree 2 5.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
select that strongly agree, 27.50% of respondents are select that agree,
17.50% of respondents are select that neutral, and 5.00%,5.00% of
respondents are selected that disagree and strong agree.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum member of respondents are 45.00%, and
18
11
7
2
2
Chart no 17
Strongly agree agree neutral disagree strong agree

36
18.How does the payments are made?
Table no 18
Payments made No of respondents Percentages
Foreign currency 12 30.00%
Host(own)currency 5 12.50%
Consignment 9 22.50%
Don’t know 14 35.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
select that foreign currency, 12.50% of respondents are select that
host(own)currency, 22.50% of respondents are select that consignment,
35.00% of respondents are select that Don’t know.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum members of respondents of chart 35.00%,
and minimum members of respondents of chart 30.00% only.
12
5
9
14
Chart no 18
Foreign currence Host currency consignment Don’t know

37
19.In which year does export houses are introduced?
Table no 19
Year No of respondents Percentages
Foreign trade policy
2015-2020
12 30.00%
Exim policy 2002-2009 7 17.50%
Foreign trade policy
2004-2009
6 15.00%
Exim policy 1997-2002 14 35.00%
Others 1 2.50%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
chose that foreign trade policy 2015-2020, 17.50% of respondents are
chose that exim policy 2002-2007, 15.00% of respondents are chose that
foreign trade policy 2004-2009,
35.00% of respondents are chose that exim policy 1997-2002.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum members of respondents are 35.00%, and
12
7
6
14
Chart no 19
Foreign trade policy 2015-2020 Exim policy 2002-2007
Foreign trade policy 2004-2009 Exim policy 1997-2002

38
20. What are the different markets, natural resources and geographic are key
factor of (references)?
Table no 20
Different markets No of respondents Percentages
Foreign trade 10 25.64%
Domestic trade 5 12.82%
Regional 4 10.26%
No answer 1 -
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
foreign trade, 12.82% of respondents are domestic, 10.26% of
respondents are regional trade, 51.28% of respondents are all of the
above, and finally no answer is 0%.
Conclusion
It is concluded that maximum members of respondents are 51.28%, and
10
5
4
20
1
Chart no 20
Foreign trade Domestic trade Regional trade all of the above no answer

39
21.Which countries are do Indian exports?
Table no 21
Exports countries of
goods
No of respondents Percentages
USA 8 20.00%
China 3 7.50%
Germany 2 5.00%
United Arab emirates 2 5.00%
United kingdom 1 2.50%
Hong Kong 0 0.00%
Singapore 1 2.50%
Others 1 2.50%
Interpretation
It is observed out of 40 respondents, 20.00% of respondents are chose USA.
7.50% of respondents are chose China, 5.00% of respondents are chose
Germany, 5.00% of respondents are chose united Arab emirates, 2.50% of
respondents are chose united kingdom, 0.00% of respondents are chose Hong
Kong, 2.50% of respondents are chose that Singapore, 55.00% of respondents
are chose that all of the above, and finally others will be 2.50%.
Conclusion
It is concluded that out of 40 respondents, there is maximum members
respondents are 55.00%, and minimum members of respondents are 20.00%
8
3
2
2
1
0
1
22
Chart no 21
USA China Germany
United Arab emairates United Kingdom Hong Kong
Singapore all of the above others

40
22.Which countries are do Indian imports?
Table no 22
Countries for imports
goods
No of respondents Percentages
China 5 12.50%
USA 7 17.50%
German 2 5.00%
Japan 0 0.00%
France 2 5.00%
Australia 2 5.00%
Russia 0 0.00%
Brizil 1 2.50%
Others 1 2.50%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, China is 12.50% of respondents, USA
is 17.50% of respondents, Germany is 5.00% of respondents, Japan is 0.00% of
respondents, France is 5.00% of respondents, Austrila is 5.00% of respondents,
Russia is 0.00% of respondents, Brizil is 2.50% of respondents, all of the above
is 50.00% of respondents, and finally others will be respondents are 2.50%.
Conclusion
It is concluded that out of 40 respondents, the maximum members of
respondents are 50.00%, and the minimum members of respondents are
20.50%.
5
7
2
0
2
2
0
1
20
1
China USA Germany Japan France Austrila Russia Brizil all of the above others

41
23.Which countries are do re-exports of goods?
Table no 23
Re-exports of goods No of respondents Percentages
United states 10 25.00%
China 2 5.00%
Sauid Arabia 3 7.50%
Hong Kong 2 5.00%
Total 40 100%
Interpretation
It is observed that out of 40 respondents, 25.00% of respondents are chosen
that united states, 5.00% of respondents are chosen that China, 7.50% of
respondents are chosen that Saudi Arabia, 5.00% of respondents are chosen
that Hong Kong, and finally 57.50% of respondents are chosen that all of the
above.
Conclusion
It is concluded that out of 40 respondents, the maximum members of
respondents are 57.50%, and the minimum members of respondents are
25.00%.
10
2
3
2
23
Chart no 23
United states china Sauid Arabia Hong Kong all of the above

42
CHAPTER 5
FINDING AND SUGGESTION
and conclusion

43
Findings
• Majority of 22.73% students think that about purchases goods
mean by import trade.
• Maximum 50% students think that goods supplied to buyer in
other country company mean by export trade.
• Maximum students say that BOP stands for balance of payment.
• The maximum 70% respondents are say that BOP is three types
they are trade balance, primary income balance, secondary
income balance.
• The majority of 45.45% the respondents are say that types of
different documents of foreign trade all of the above, total of
students are 25 members.
• The 25 members of students are say that types of goods are
import in India.
• The most of the people say that types of goods exports in India.
• The maximum of the students are thinking strongly agree about
foreign trade that include that forex.
• By the questionnaires we found that students say that use with
foreign currency.
• We find the students thinks that different types of import and
exports of goods are purchases likes gold, diamond, plastics,
iron, food items, and fashion dress, and etc.
• The maximum members of the students are saying that all of the
countries are do Indian exports.
• Most of the respondents are thinks that all of the countries are
re-exported of goods for all services back.

44
Conclusion
The concept of imports of goods can be a complex topic for students.
However it is important for them to understand how international
trade works and the impact it has on the economy.
In general imports and exports refer to goods and services that are
bought from other countries, and while exports refer to goods and
services that are sold to other countries. The balance of trade is the
difference between a country’s total exports and imports.
When a country imports more goods than it exports it results in a
trade deficit which can lead to a decrease in the value of the other
hand a country that exports more goods than it imports has a trade
surplus which can lead to a strong currency and increased
investments.
It is important for students to understand that benefits and
drawbacks of international trade. While it can provide access to new
markets and cheaper goods it can also lead to job loss and damage to
local industries.
Over all understanding imports and exports of goods are crucial
aspects of international trade and can help students better
understand the imports and exports of goods business.

45
Suggestion
• The imports and exports of goods are refer to the trade that
happen between different countries. It’s important to learn
about this topic because it affects the economies of countries,
and we can sometimes cause political tensions between them.
• Understand the concept if trade. The students should start by
understanding what is trade, what it means to import and export
goods, and why countries engage in trade. They should also learn
about the benefits and drawbacks of trade, and the different
types of trade.
• Learn about the global import and export of goods of trade and
commerce agreements. The students should learn about the
global trade agreements like that world trade which sets rules
for international trade, they should also be learn about the
regional trade agreements like NAFTA(North America free trade
agreement) and the European union.
• Understanding the impact of imports and exports of the local
economy students should learn about the impact of imports and
exports on their local economy. They can study how imported
goods affect the local markets, and how exports can help bring
in money and create jobs for students and every one in the
world.
• Overall learning about imports and exports of goods is an
important topic for students to understand. It can help them
understand the global economy and how the other countries
interact with each other and it can also help them to make
informed decision in the future.

47
https://www.india.gov.in › informat...
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com › ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
https://en.m.wikipedia.org
https://data.worldbank.org
https://courses.lumenlearning

49
Imports And Exports Of Goods
1. Name
2. Gender
• Male
• Female
• Other
3. Age
• 15-20
• 21-30
• 31-40
• Above 40
4. Qualification
• SSC
• Intermediate
• Under Graduate
• Post Graduate
5. Occupation
• Student
• Employee
• Employer
• Self-employed
6. What do you mean by import trade?
• Purchases goods
• Purchases goods from one country
• Purchases goods from one nation from another nation
• purchases goods from all nations
• All the above
7. What do you mean by export trade?
• produced goods in one country
• Goods supplied to buyer in another country
• A and B
• None of the above

50
8. Do you know about BOP( Balance of payment)?
• yes
• No
• A little
9. BOP stands for
• Balance of payment
• Balance of process
• Balance of purchases
• Balance of product
10. BOP also called as?
• Balance of international payments
• Balance of trade
• Balance of payments
• A and B
11. What are the three types of BOP?
• Trade balance
• primary income balance
• Secondary income balance
• A B and C
• None of the above
12. what are the types of foreign trade?
• Import trade
• Export trade
• Enterpot trade
• none of the above
13. What are the differents types of documents used in foreign trade?
• Customs invoice
• Certificate of origin
• Bill of lading
• Airway bill
• Commercial invoice
• Consular invoice
• All of above

51
14. Do you know what types of goods are imports in India?
• Gold
• Diamond
• Spices
• Plastics
• steels
• Fertilizer
• all of the above
15. Do you know what types of goods are exports in india?
• Petrol
• Gems and jewelry
• Automobiles
• electronics goods
• Organic and inorganic chemicals
16. What are the types of balance of trade?
• Trade deficit
• Reade surplus
• Equilibriun factors
17. What are the factors that affecting of balance of trade?
• Endowment factor
• Productivity factor
• Trade barriers
• Demand
• All of the above
18. Do you agree foreign trade that includes forex ?
• Strongly agree
• agree
• neutral
• disagree
• Strong agree

52
19. How does the payments are made?
• Foreign currency
• Host(own) currency
• consignment
• Don't know
20. In which year does export houses are introduced?
• Foreign trade policy 2015-2020
• Exim policy 2002-2007
• Foreign trade policy 2004-2009
• Exim policy 1997-2002
21. What are the different markets, natural resources and geographic are key
factor of (refrances)?
• Foreign trade
• Domestic trade
• Regional trade
22. Which countries are do indian exports?
• USA
• China
• Germany
• United Arab Emirates
• United Kingdom
• Hong kong
• Singapore
23. Which countries are do indian imports?
• China
• USA
• Germany
• Japan
• France
• Austraila
• Russia
• Brizil

53
24. Which countries are do re-exports of goods?
• United States
• China
• Sauid Arabia
• Hong kong

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