Network Effectiveness Session for Packard Grantees

Network Effectiveness: An Interactive Working Session for Packard Foundation Grantees April 7, 2009 Heather McLeod Grant (Heather_Grant@monitor.com) Diana Scearce (Diana_Scearce@monitor.com) Paris San Francisco São Paulo Seoul Singapore Tokyo Toronto Zurich Shanghai Palo Alto Johannesburg Beijing Chicago Hong Kong Cambridge Delhi Dubai Los Angeles Madrid Manila Mumbai Munich New York Moscow London

Networks Are Changing the Way the World Works

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Organization-centric model Network-centric model We are Moving to a More Networked World Organizations aren’t going away. We need to learn how to balance the interface between organizations and networks.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Obama Used Networks to Mobilize 13 M Supporters

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many Industries are Being Transformed: Newspapers

[object Object],Many Nonprofits Not at Scale The vast majority of nonprofits have annual budgets of under $1 million 2 Increasing Number of Nonprofits As many as 30,000 new nonprofits are formed each year in the U.S. 1 – scarcity of organizations is not the problem More Competition for Resources The proliferation of nonprofits makes competition fierce, and fundraising more costly…especially in an economic downturn Source: 1 http://www.alliancetrends.org/nonprofits.cfm?id=56; 2 Center for Non-Profits, 2007 Nonprofits Need to Find Ways to Leverage Networks

Noun: A collection of people connected to each other through purposeful relationships—formal or informal Verb: To connect or interact with other individuals, groups, or institutions in order to cultivate productive relationships “ Network” Is A Noun and A Verb

Networks Have Been Around For A Long Time…

… and new online spaces for building relationships There are New Technologies for Sharing Content…

[object Object],[object Object],Source: “Work on Networks” by Clay Shirky (2003) Our Understanding of Networks is Getting Better

As a Result, the Way Our Work Gets Done is Changing

Networks Can be Used to Address Many Issues ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Barr Foundation: Boston Arts and Sports Afterschool Funding Issue: Build Community / Strengthen Ties

Issue: Develop and Share Knowledge

Issue: Mobilize People and Effort

Issue: Coordinate Resources and Services

8,000 houses built over 8 years … transforming communities through collaborations to address root causes of poverty and homelessness Typical HFH country programs produce 200 houses each year Source: HBS Case “Habitat for Humanity Egypt”, Jane Wei Skillern, Harvard Business School Publishing ’06 Issue: Get to Scale - EGYPT-

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Enhanced Outcomes from Network Approaches

Network Strategy Integrates Different Tools, Approaches Collaborative Technologies Working Wikily Collaborative Processes Low High Group Process Skills Low High Technological Skills

Eight Lessons We’re Learning About “Working Wikily” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: Working Wikily, by Gabriel Kasper and Diana Scearce (2008), Monitor Institute

A Few Helpful Definitions Core Hub Link Node Cluster Periphery

Network Structures can Take Many Forms

Centralized / Hierarchical Decentralized Note: These categories often overlap. Most of the examples fit in to multiple categories. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Developed from Multiple Sources: Net Gains by Plastrik and Taylor (‘06); Net Work by Anklam (‘07); Building Smart Communities by Krebs and Holley A Typology of Organizing Structures

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nonprofits without Explicit Network Structure

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Membership Organizations

Nonprofits with Explicit Network Structure (Hub-Spoke) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nonprofits with Explicit Network Structure (Multi-Hub) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Coalition / Alliance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Networks of Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ad Hoc Networks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Social Network Mapping: A Tool for Visualizing Your Network

What’s Possible from Network Mapping? What’s Possible from Network Mapping? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Network Mapping Can Be Simple and Low-Tech… Source: June Holley

Frame the Problem Collect Data Analyze Data Validate & Discuss Results Identify Next Steps Follow up ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Framework developed by Roberto Cremonini, Barr Foundation How is Network Mapping Done?

Using Network Maps to Increase Service Coordination Using Network Maps to Increase Connection, Coordination of Services

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Process Used to Map the Youth Development Network

[object Object],Source: Monitor Institute Maps Were Used to Analyze the Network Government Foundation Non-Profit For-Profit School Unknown Religious Other Network by Organization Type

Network Effectiveness: Strategies for Network Development

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Characteristics of Healthy Networks Purpose Membership Strategy and Structure Leadership Communications & Technology Resource Management Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Governance ,[object Object],[object Object],Helpful Sources: M. Kearns and K. Showalter; J. Holley and V. Krebs; P. Plastrik and M. Taylor; J. W. Skillern; C. Shirky

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Membership Membership / Participation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Leadership ,[object Object],[object Object],Leadership “ Oppenheimer [the founder] was eager to help [other potential interactive museums] beg, borrow, and steal his ideas.” Source: Forces for Good by Heather McLeod Grant and Leslie R. Crutchfield (2007)

Governance ,[object Object],[object Object],Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Governance Administrators 1,575 as of 7/17/08 Bureaucrats 25 active as of 7/16/08 Stewards 36 as of 1/1/08 Arbitration Committee 4 as of 7/18/08 Wikipedians 175,884 as of 5/23/08

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Purpose / Outcomes Purpose / Outcomes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Strategy, Structure Strategy and Structure ,[object Object],[object Object]

Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Assessment

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Communications, IT Communications & Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],What’s your connection to mountaintop removal?

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Communications, IT Communications & Technology ,[object Object],[object Object]

Network Effectiveness Diagnostic: Resource Mgt. ,[object Object],[object Object],Resource Management

You’ve diagnosed your network’s areas of strength and weakness. Now, what do you do? Answer: It depends…

How Networks Progress and Evolve Source: Valdis Krebs and June Holley, Building Smart Communities through Network Weaving 1. 2. 3. 4. Multi-Hub Small World Core Periphery Hub and Spoke Scattered Clusters

A Few Strategies for Network “Weaving”/ Development Bring together core of clusters of people who work together as peers Grow and engage periphery to bring in new resources and innovation Support overlapping projects or collaborations, many very small, initiated by many Nurture quality connections so projects can be high risk & high impact Source: June Holley, www.networkweaving.com

The Green and Healthy Building Network: 2005 Source: Barr Foundation “Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce Hoppe

The Green and Healthy Building Network: 2007 Source: Barr Foundation “Green and Healthy Building Network Case Study” by Beth Tener, Al Neirenberg, Bruce Hoppe

How can you strengthen your network? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Network Mindset Organization Orientation Network Orientation Mindset Strategy Behaviors Competition Grow the organization Compete for resources Protect knowledge Competitive advantage Hoard talent Collaboration Grow the network Share resources Open source IP Develop competitors Cultivate leadership Source: Forces for Good by Heather McLeod Grant and Leslie R. Crutchfield (2007)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What Network Weavers Do Source: Building the Field of Dreams by Stephanie Lowell (2007)

Nine Competencies of ‘Working Wikily’ Systems Thinking Allocating Resources Inspiring Bridging Difference Connecting Coordinating Capacity Building Building Consensus Facilitating

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Common Challenges Faced by Network Leaders

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],QUESTIONS (15-20 min)

Network Effectiveness Session for Packard Grantees

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Network Effectiveness Session for Packard Grantees