Presentation on lichen

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Definitions
• History
• Colours
• Composition
• Nature
• Habitat
• Structure
• Forms of lichen
• Reproduction
• Economic importance
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
Fungi Algae Lichen

4. INTRODUCTION
Order Lechano Rales
Kingdom Fungi
Genus Lichen

5. INTRODUCTION
• The algae of lichen mostly belong to
chlorophyta and cyanobacteria.
• Fungi :- Mycobiont
• Algae:- Photobiont.
• Lichen is sensitive to air pollution particularly
sulfuric oxide.
• Lichen obtained nutrients from atmosphere.

6. INTRODUCTION
They are closely associated with each other as
to appear a single plant.
Combined growth of both plant algae and
fungi result in formation of lichen.
There are 400 genera and 15,000 species of
lichen.

7. INTRODUCTION
Lichen is derived from the Greek word
“LEPROUS” .
It is used to treatment of skin disease because
of their appearance as peeling skin.
It is estimated that 6% of Earth’s land surface
is covered by lichens.
Lichens may be long-lived ,with some
considered to be among the oldest living
organisms.

8. DEFINITIONS
Lichen is a group of tiny plants looks like
moss and grow on surface of things such
as rocks, trees, and wall.
OR
Lichen is an organism that is formed by
symbiotic association of fungi and algae.

9. Lichenology
PhycologyMycology

10. HISTORY
1) Schwender (1867-68) :- Helotism.
2) Anton von DeBary(1887):-Symbiosis.
3) Reinke(1896):-Mutualism
4) Elenkin(1902):-Endosaprophytism.
5) Awasthi:-Poly symbiosis or Para symbiosis.

11. COLOURS
1. Greyish- green
2. Greenish-white
3. White
4. Yellow
5. Orange
6. Brown
7. Red
8. Black

12. GREYISH- GREEN GREENISH-WHITE

13. • WHITE • YELLOW

14. • ORANGE • BROWN

15. • RED • BLACK

16. COMPOSITION
Lichen is composed of mainly two
component:-
Component
1. Fungal Component 2. Algal component

17. COMPOSITION
1) Fungal Component:-
There are two types of group.
a. Basidiomycetes.
Ex:- Parasol mushroom
b. Ascomycetous.
Ex:- Panicillium

18. a. Basidiomycetes. (Basidiolichen)

19. b. Ascomycetous. (Ascolichen)

20. 2)Algal Component :-
In this also two difference groups.
a. Myxophyceae.
Ex:- Blue-Green algae
b. Chlorophyceae.
Ex:- Green algae

21. a. Myxophyceae (Blue – Green Algae)

22. b.Chlorophyceae ( Green Algae)

23. NATURE
o Parasitic nature
o Symbiotic nature
o Consortium
o Helotism

24. HABITAT
• Lichen grow in the presence of sufficient
moisture, cold temperature, direct sunlight
and pure atmosphere.
• On leaves
• Tree trunks
• Old logs
• Floor of forest
• On rocks

25. HABITAT
• Some lichens are cushion-like masses on bare
rocks in extremely cold regions of arctic zones.
• Some in tropical and subtropical rain forests.
• Most lichen grow in Eastern Himalayas than in
the Western Himalayas.
• Darjeeling, Gangtok, and in Sikkim.

26. STRUCTURE
• Some of terminology:-
1. Thallus
2. Upper cortex
3. Algal zone
4. Medulla
5. Lower cortex
6. Rhizine

27. STRUCTURE

28. FORMS OF LICHEN
• Lichens are divided into three groups on the
basis of thallus.
1. Crustose lichen
2. Foliose lichen
3. Fruticose lichen

33. REPRODUCTION
Vegetative
Sexually
Asexual spore

34. Vegetative Reproduction:-
• In which mainly two methods are include:
1. Fragmentation
2. Isidia and soredia

36. Sexually Reproduction:-
• In ascolichens the fungus belongs to
ascomycetes and the sexual reproduction
results in the formation of apothecia or
perithecia.
• These fruiting bodies are small cup-like or
disc-like .

38. Asexual Spores:-
• Hyphae of few lichens break up and germinate
into new fungal hyphae.
• Many lichens produce large number of small
spore like structure, pycniospores, within
flask-shaped pycnia.
• These structure act as male gametes are
known as spermatia and spermagonia.

40. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• There are some of the importance of the
lichen are given below:-
1. Food for man and animals
2. Medicinal importance
3. Chemical use
4. Role in nitrogen fixation

41. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
5. Biodegradation
6. As a dye
7. Antibiotic metabolites
8. Traditional medicine

42. 1. Food For Man And Animal:-
Cetraria islandica fremoontii

43. 2.Medical Importance:-
Peltigera canina Lobaria pulmonaria

44. 3.Chemical Use :-
Lungwort Rocella

45. 4.Role In Nitrogen Fixation:-
Cynobacteria

46. 5.Biodegradation:-
Permelia perlata

47. 6.As A Dye:-
Lecanora

48. 7.Antibiotic Metabolites:-
Usnea longissima

49. 8.Traditional Medicine:-
pusilla

50. REFERENCES
1)College botany volume 1
:- B.P.Pandey
2)Plant Pathology
:- Sir Edwin J. Butler and S.C. Jones
3)www.wikipedia.com

51. REFERENCES
4)Lichen Slide share
5)Lichen Biology
:-Thomas H. Nash
6)www.sciencedirect.com
7)www.britannica.com