The document provides guidance on formatting bibliographic citations in papers. It discusses formatting the paper, creating a reference list, and using parenthetical or in-text citations. The reference list and in-text citations allow readers to identify sources and enables them to locate materials. The document explains APA and MLA citation styles, providing examples of citing books, book chapters, and periodicals. Proper citation of all facts and ideas is essential for scholarship.
2. WARNING
This is not a definitive or binding
representation of format accepted by all
instructors.
It is essential that you consult with your
instructor before submitting your paper for a
grade.
Your instructor is the final authority regarding
acceptable format and style for papers and
other written assignments.
3. Three areas of concern:
Part I: Formatting your paper
Part II: The reference list
Part III: Parenthetical, or in-
text, citation
4. Part I: Formatting your paper
Margins
Font size
Spacing
How to number pages
Running header
Title page (or not)
5. Part I: Formatting your paper
Use 8½ X 11 inch paper
12 point, New Times Roman, or similar
font
1 inch margins
Double-space your text
Use a running header
Number pages consecutively, starting
on the first page
6. Part II: The reference list
References, Works Cited, Bibliography
List the sources you used to write your
paper
Start references on a new page after
the body of your text.
List sources alphabetically, by author’s
last name
If author is unknown, list source by title
7. Part II: The reference list
The purpose of the reference list is to:
Identify and credit the sources you used
Enable the reader to locate your sources
APA style is used in the social sciences,
education, engineering and business.
MLA is used mostly in the humanities
disciplines (history, literature, fine arts)
8. A few examples…
Books
MLA
Lipson, Charles. Doing Honest Work in College.
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2004. Print.
APA
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9. A few examples…
Part of a nonperiodical (e.g., a book chapter)
MLA
Lipson, Charles. “Plagiarism and Academic Honesty.”
Integrity in Scholarship. Ed. Sean Jones. Chicago: U
of Chicago P, 2004. 32-48. Print.
APA
Lipson, C. (2004). Plagiarism and academic honesty. In
S. Jones (Ed.), Integrity in scholarship (pp. 32-48).
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
10. A few examples…
Periodicals
MLA
Sacks, Samuel. “Fraud Risk: Are You Prepared?”
Journal of Accountancy 198.3 (2004): 57-63. Print.
APA
Sacks, S. E. (2004). Fraud risk: are you prepared?
Journal of Accountancy, 198(3), 57-63.
11. Part III:
Parenthetical, or in-text, citation
Within the body of your text, you must
cite your sources as you use them.
You must cite any and all data, facts,
information, opinions, ideas, tables,
charts, graphics, photographs, etc. that
you obtained in your research.
References in the text must clearly point
to specific sources in the list of works
cited.
12. Part III:
Parenthetical, or in-text, citation
MLA
Paraphrasing
One idea is to surround quotations with big Q’s to
distinguish the author’s words from your own ideas
(Lipson 48).
In Doing honest work in college, Lipson (48) suggests
surrounding quotations with big Q’s to distinguish the
author’s words from your own ideas.
___________________________________________
Lipson, Charles. Doing Honest Work in College.
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2004. Print.
13. Part III:
Parenthetical, or in-text, citation
MLA
Direct quote
Lipson’s first rule of academic honesty is, “When you
say you did the work yourself, you actually did it” (3).
“When you say you did the work yourself, you actually
did it,” is a good rule to keep in mind (Lipson 3).
____________________________________________
Lipson, Charles. Doing Honest Work in College.
Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2004. Print.
14. Part III:
Parenthetical, or in-text, citation
APA
Paraphrasing
One idea is to surround quotations with big Q’s to
distinguish the author’s words from your own ideas
(Lipson, 2004).
In Doing honest work in college, Lipson (2004) suggests
surrounding quotations with big Q’s to distinguish the
author’s words from your own ideas.
___________________________________________
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
15. Part III:
Parenthetical, or in-text, citation
APA
Direct quote
Lipson’s first rule of academic honesty is, “When you
say you did the work yourself, you actually did it”
(2004, p. 3).
A good rule to follow is “When you say you did the work
yourself, you actually did it” (Lipson, 2004, p. 3).
___________________________________________
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in college.
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
16. Conclusion
Formatting rules make research papers
uniform and easy to read
The ability to verify facts through proper
citation of sources is essential to good
scholarship
In-text citation and the reference list
Identify and credit the sources you used
Enable the reader to locate your sources