2. Business models are based on using non-employee workers, as well
as independent professionals who have chosen to work as independent
contractors
H
D
F
C
SALES — US$6.5billion
FOUNDED — 1994
DIGITAL PRODUCT BUSINESS MODEL
K
I
N
D
L
E
SALES — $3.9 billion
FOUNDED — 2007
3. Business models in which you give a core product away for free to a
large group of users and sell premium products to a smaller fraction of
this user base.
L
I
N
K
E
D
I
N
SALES — $ 2.2 BN
FOUNDED — 2002
The Freemium Model
S
P
O
T
I
F
Y
SALES — €20 mil-
FOUNDED — 2008
User — 75 million
4. Electronic commerce is the buying and selling of goods
and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over
an electronic network, primarily the Internet.
R
E
E
B
O
K
SALES — $4.38 billion US
FOUNDED — 1895
E
B
A
Y
SALES — 1578 EURO
FOUNDED — 1995
5. Business model where a customer must pay a subscrip-
tion price to have access to the product/service
N
A
U
K
R
I.
C
0
M SALES — Rs 32.21 CrFOUNDED — 1997
SUBSCRIBING BUSINESS MODEL
P
A
G
A
L
G
U
Y
FOUNDED — 2002 SALES — $ 510120
6. Business models Disrupts by ‘brand bombing’ using sheer market
power and scale to crush competition, often by selling below cost price
A
M
Z
O
N
E
The Hypermarket Model
V
O
O
N
I
K SALES — 12 CR
FOUNDED — 2013
A
M
A
Z
O
N
SALES — $ 88.988
FOUNDED — 2007
7. SALES — $ 55 MILLION
Business models are based on using non-employee workers, as well
as independent professionals who have chosen to work as independent
contractors
S
I
M
P
L
Y
h
I
R
E
FOUNDED — 2003
Freelancing business model
I
F
R
E
E
L
A
N
C
I
n
FOUNDED — 2003 SALES — $ 510120
8. Business model Disrupts with an ‘if-you’re-not-paying-for-the-product-you-are-the-
product’ model that involves selling personal data or ‘advertising eyeballs’ harvested by
offering consumers a ‘free’ product or service that captures their data/attention
G
O
O
G
L
E
SALES—US$66.001 Bn
FOUNDED — 1996
The Free Model
F
A
C
E
B
O
O
K
SALES — 1578
FOUNDED — 1895
9. Business models Disrupts by recruiting an army of resellers and affil-
iates who are often paid on a commission-only model
M
I
C
R
O
S
O
F
T
SALES — $10 bn
FOUNDED — 1975
The Pyramid Model
D
R
O
P
B
O
X
SALES — $ 93.58 Bn
FOUNDED — 2007
10. Business model Disrupts with the provision of a digital market-
place that brings together buyers and sellers directly, in return for a trans-
action or placement fee or commission
I
T
U
N
E
SALES — 16 BN
FOUNDED — 2001
The Marketplace Model
U
B
E
R
SALES — $ 2 BN
FOUNDED — 1895
11. Business models are based on using non-employee workers, as well
as independent professionals who have chosen to work as independent
contractors
A
M
A
Z
O
N SALES — $ 88.988 Bn
Affiliate Marketing Business Model
FOUNDED — 2007
SALES — $4.38 billion US
E
B
A
Y
FOUNDED — 1995