Stress timing

1. Stress timing

2. When was it? American Declaration of Independence American Civil War Battle of Gettysburg Lincoln Presidency Gettysburg Address

3. When was it? American Declaration of Independence 1776 American Civil War 1861-1865 Battle of Gettysburg 1863 Lincoln Presidency 1861-1865 Gettysburg Address 1863

4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPkKQJ0GVMk &feature=related

5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPkKQJ0GVMk &feature=related

6. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

7. find: the stress schwa ə short ‘i’ ɪ

10. ɪt ɪs rathə fər us tə be here dedicated tə thə great task remaining before us—thət frəm these honəd dead we take increased devotən tə that cause fə which they gave thə last full measə əf devotən—thət we here highly resolve thət these dead shəll not həve died in vain—thət this natən, undə God, shəll have ə new birth əf freedəm—ənd thət govənmənt əf thə peopəl, by thə peopəl, fə thə peopəl, shəll not perish frəm the earth. ə - 40

11. ɪt ɪs rather for us to bɪ here dedɪcatɪd to the great task rɪmainɪng bɪfore us—that from these honored dead wɪ take ɪncreased dɪvotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of dɪvotion—that wɪ here highlɪ rɪsolve that these dead shall not have died ɪn vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom— and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perɪsh from thɪ earth. ɪ - 18

12. stressed and unstressed patterns

13. ɪt ɪs rathə fər us tə bɪ here dedɪcatɪd tə thə great task rɪmainɪng bɪfore us—thət frəm these honəd dead wɪ take ɪncreased dɪvotən tə that cause fə which they gave thə last full measə əf dɪvotən—thət wɪ here highlɪ rɪsolve thət these dead shəll not həve died ɪn vain—thət this natən, undə God, shəll have ə new birth əf freedəm—ənd thət govənmənt əf thə peopəl, by thə peopəl, fə thə peopəl, shəll not perɪsh frəm thɪ earth.

14. observe clusters of stressed syllables

15. ɪt ɪs rathə fər us tə bɪ here dedɪcatɪd tə thə great task rɪmainɪng bɪfore us—thət frəm these honəd dead wɪ take ɪncreased dɪvotən tə that cause fə which they gave thə last full measə əf dɪvotən—thət wɪ here highlɪ rɪsolve thət these dead shəll not həve died ɪn vain—thət this natən, undə God, shəll have ə new birth əf freedəm—ənd thət govənmənt əf thə peopəl, by thə peopəl, fə thə peopəl, shəll not perɪsh frəm the earth.

16. observe clusters of unstressed syllables

17. ɪt ɪs rathə fər us tə bɪ here dedɪcatɪd tə thə great task rɪmainɪng bɪfore us—thət frəm these honəd dead wɪ take ɪncreased dɪvotən tə that cause fə which they gave thə last full measə əf dɪvotən—thət wɪ here highlɪ rɪsolve thət these dead shəll not həve died ɪn vain—thət this natən, undə God, shəll have ə new birth əf freedəm—ənd thət govənmənt əf thə peopəl, by thə peopəl, fə thə peopəl, shəll not perɪsh frəm thɪ earth.

18. the stressed syllables mark time

23. some languages get cadence only from the stressed syllables others get cadence from all the syllables

24. some languages get cadence only from the stressed syllables others get cadence from all the syllables

25. English Italian

26. The languages that get timing only from the stressed syllables

27. The languages that get timing only from the stressed syllables need to put varying numbers of unstressed syllables between them

28. The languages that get timing only from the stressed syllables need to put varying numbers of unstressed syllables between them

29. The languages that get timing only from the stressed syllables need to put varying numbers of unstressed syllables between them 1 103

30. The languages thatget timing only from the stressed syllables need to put varying numbers of unstressed syllables between them 1 103

31. for this reason the pronunciation of the unstressed syllables is simplified

32. for this reason the pronunciation of the unstressed syllables is simplified using ɪ and ə

33. ɪt ɪs rathə fər us tə bɪ here dedɪcatɪd tə thə great task rɪmainɪng bɪfore us—thət frəm these honəd dead wɪ take ɪncreased dɪvotən tə that cause fə which they gave thə last full measə əf dɪvotən—thət wɪ here highlɪ rɪsolve thət these dead shəll not həve died ɪn vain—thət this natən, undə God, shəll have ə new birth əf freedəm—ənd thət govənmənt əf thə peopəl, by thə peopəl, fə thə peopəl, shəll not perɪsh frəm thɪ earth. ɪ – 18; ə - 40; other unstressed - 4

34. unstressed vowel # % ɪ 18 29% ə 40 65% others 4 6%

35. unstressed vowel # % ɪ 18 29% ə 40 65% others 4 6% ɪ + ə 58 94%

36. unstressed vowel # % ɪ 18 29% ə 40 65% others 4 6% ɪ + ə 58 94% around 90% of unstressed syllables are pronounced using schwa or the short ‘i’

37. www.davidnicholson.it

Stress timing

Stress timing

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