Past perfect
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This document discusses the past perfect tense and how it is used to indicate an action that was completed before another past action took place. It provides examples of sentences using the past perfect and past simple tenses, and explains how to convert between the two tenses. It also contains an exercise for the reader to practice converting sentences from past simple to past perfect and vice versa to understand how to properly use the tenses.
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Past perfect
- 2. When I arrived, John left.
- 3. When I arrived, John left.
- 4. When I arrived, John left. past simple
- 5. past simple + past simple = 2 consecutive actions
- 6. Iarrived
- 10. When I arrived, John was leaving.
- 11. When I arrived, John was leaving.
- 12. When I arrived, John was leaving. past continuous
- 13. past simple + past continuous = a short action that interrupts a long action
- 14. Iarrived
- 16. Iarrived John was leaving Did John leave?
- 17. Iarrived John was leaving Did John leave? We don’t know
- 18. Iarrived John was leaving Did John leave? We don’t know maybe he left…
- 19. Iarrived John was leaving Did John leave? We don’t know maybe he left… …or maybe he stayed because I arrived
- 20. Iarrived John was leaving this combination of tenses is called ‘interrupted action’
- 21. When I arrived, John had left.
- 22. When I arrived, John had left.
- 23. When I arrived, John had left. past perfect
- 24. past simple + past perfect = an action preceded by another action
- 25. Iarrived
- 29. Johnhadleft. Iarrived Did I see John? No He left then I arrived
- 30. construction of the past perfect
- 31. I had done…
- 32. I had done… auxiliary verb: ‘to have’
- 33. I had done… auxiliary verb: ‘to have’ conjugated in the past: ‘had’
- 34. I had done… auxiliary verb: ‘to have’ conjugated in the past: ‘had’ main verb as past participle
- 38. Had she taken… ? ?ive
- 39. Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t. s.a.
- 41. convert past simple to past perfect and past perfect to past simple
- 42. past simple past perfect He made a cake. I hadn’t finished. We didn’t win the match. Had you taken the bus? Did you see the film? She had worn the dress. I drank all the beer. The alarm hadn’t rung. You didn’t choose a film. We had met before. Did they speak to her?
- 43. past simple past perfect He made a cake. He’d made a cake. I didn’t finish. I hadn’t finished. We didn’t win the match. We hadn’t won the match. Did you take the bus? Had you taken the bus? Did you see the film? Had you seen the film? She wore the dress. She had worn the dress. I drank all the beer. I had drunk all the beer. The alarm didn’t ring. The alarm hadn’t rung. You didn’t choose a film. You hadn’t chosen a film. We met before. We had met before. Did they speak to her? Had they spoken to her?
- 44. same exercise but be careful translating ‘essere’
- 45. past simple past perfect He was at the bar. They hadn’t been at work. I didn’t get dressed. Had you arrived early? What time did you get up? It had rained all night. Everyone went away. They hadn’t called each other. The fire didn’t die. The baby had been born. Did they relax after dinner?
- 46. past simple past perfect He was at the bar. He had been at the bar. They weren’t at work. They hadn’t been at work. I didn’t get dressed. I hadn’t got dressed. Did you arrive early? Had you arrived early? What time did you get up? What time had you got up? It rained all night. It had rained all night. Everyone went away. Everyone had gone away. They didn’t call each other. They hadn’t called each other. The fire didn’t die. The fire hadn’t died. The baby was born. The baby had been born. Did they relax after dinner? Had they relaxed after dinner?
- 47. homework
- 49. module 6, part 17, 1-7