Nonverbal communication includes visual cues like body language, gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, as well as proxemics, chronemics, haptics and paralanguage. It represents around two-thirds of interpersonal communication and helps form first impressions. Research on nonverbal communication started with Darwin's 1872 work on emotional expressions across species. Key aspects of nonverbal communication examined include posture, clothing, gestures, eye contact and touch, which all have cultural variations in meaning and acceptability.

3. Direct And Present
By
Darshit Gajjar

4.  Nonverbal communication between people is
people is communication through sending and
receiving wordless clues.
 It includes the use of visual cues such as
body,language (kinesis), distance (proxemi) and
physical environments/appearance, of voice
(paralanguage) and of touch (haptics). It can also
include chronemics (the use of time) and
oculesics (eye contact and the actions of looking
while talking and listening, frequency of glances,
patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink
rate).

5.  Just as speech contains nonverbal elements
known as paralanguage, including voice quality,
rate, pitch, volume, and speaking style, as well as
prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation,
and stress, so written texts have nonverbal
elements such as handwriting style, spatial
arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a
page. However, much of the study of nonverbal
communication has focused on interaction
between individuals, where it can be classified
into three principal areas:
environmentalconditions where communication

6.  Nonverbal communication involves the
conscious and unconscious processes of
encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act
of generating information such as facial
expressions, gestures, and postures.
Decoding is the interpretation of information
from received sensations from previous
experiences.

7.  Nonverbal communication involves the
conscious and unconscious processes of
encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act
of generating information such as facial
expressions, gestures, and postures.
Decoding is the interpretation of information
from received sensations from previous
experiences.

8.  In many Indigenous American Communities,
for example, there is often an emphasis on
nonverbal communication, which acts as a
valued means by which children learn. In this
sense, learning is not dependent on verbal
communication; rather, it is nonverbal
communication which serves as a primary
means of not only organizing interpersonal
interactions, but also conveying cultural
values, and children learn how to participate
in this system from a young age.

9.  Importance
 Symbol table for non-verbal communication with
patients
 Nonverbal communication represents two-thirds
of all communication. Nonverbal communication
can portray a message both vocally and with the
correct body signals or gestures. Body signals
comprise physical features, conscious and
unconsicus gestures and signals, and the
mediation of personal space.The wrong message
can also be established if the body language
conveyed does not match a verbal message.

10.  Nonverbal communication strengthens a first
impression in common situations like attracting a
partner or in a business interview: impressions
are on average formed within the first four
seconds of contact. First encounters or
interactions with another person strongly affect a
person's perception. When the other person or
group is absorbing the message, they are
focused on the entire environment around them,
meaning the other person uses all five senses in
the interaction: 83% sight, 11% hearing, 3% smell,
2% touch and 1% taste.

11.  History of research
 Scientific research on nonverbal communication and
behavior was started in 1872 with the publication of
Charles Darwin's book The Expression of the
Emotions in Man and Animals. In the book, Darwin
argued that all mammals, both humans and animals,
showed emotion through facial expressions. He
posed questions such as: "Why do our facial
expressions of emotions take the particular forms
they do?" and "Why do we wrinkle our nose when we
are disgusted and bare our teeth when we are
enraged?"Darwin attributed these facial expressions
to serviceable associated habits, which are behaviors
that earlier in our evolutionary history had specific
and direct functions.

12.  Posture:---
 Main article: Posture (psychology)
 There are many different types of body
positioning to portray certain postures,
including slouching, towering, legs spread,
jaw thrust, shoulders forward, and arm
crossing. The posture or bodily stance
exhibited by individuals communicates a
variety of messages whether good or bad.

14.  Clothing:-----
 Clothing is one of the most common forms of
non-verbal communication. The study of
clothing and other objects as a means of
non-verbal communication is known as
artifactics or objectics. The types of clothing
that an individual wears conveys nonverbal
cues about his or her personality, background
and financial status, and how others will
respond to them

16.  Gestures:--
 Gestures may be made with the hands, arms or
body, and also include movements of the head, face
and eyes, such as winking, nodding, or rolling one's
eyes. Although the study of gesture is still in its
infancy, some broad categories of gestures have
been identified by researchers. The most familiar
are the so-called emblems or quotable gestures.
These are conventional, culture-specific gestures
that can be used as replacement for words, such as
the hand wave used in western cultures for "hello"
and "goodbye." A single emblematic gesture can
have a very different significance in different
cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to
highly offensive.

18.  Adapters:--
 Some hand movements are not considered to be
gestures. They consist of manipulations either of
the person or some object (e.g. clothing, pencils,
eyeglasses)—the kinds of scratching, fidgeting,
rubbing, tapping, and touching that people often
do with their hands. Such behaviors are referred
to as adapters. They may not be perceived as
meaningfully related to the speech in which they
accompany, but may serve as the basis for
dispositional inferences of the speaker's emotion
(nervous, uncomfortable, bored.)

20.  Eye contact:-
 Eye contact occurs when two people look at each
other's eyes at the same time.In human beings, eye
contact is a form of nonverbal communication and is
thought to have a large influence on social behavior.
Coined in the early to mid-1960s, the term came
from the West to often define the act as a meaningful
and important sign of confidence, respect, and social
communication. The customs and significance of eye
contact vary between societies, with religious and
social differences often altering its meaning greatly.
 The study of eye contact is sometimes known as
oculesics

22.  Touch:--
 Touches are taken as rudeness in most cultures.
Shaking hands is considered to be acceptable in many.
Similarly, acceptability of kissing, hugs, and many other
touches are different in different cultures. People in
Asia are more conservative in these types of non-verbal
communication. Patting head or shoulder also has
different meanings in different cultures. In some Asian
cultures patting children’s head is very bad signal as
head is taken to be sacred. Middle Eastern countries
take touch between people from opposite genders is
taken as bad character. Where and how you are touched
or touch changes the meaning of touch. So, you must
be careful when you visit a new place.

24.  Facial Expressions:--
 Face shows feelings, attitudes and emotions. The
degree of facial expressions are determined by
cultures. People from United States show
emotions more than their Asian counterparts.
Facial expressions are shown to be similar all
over the world, but people from different cultures
do not show it in public. The meanings of these
are commonly acknowledged everywhere. Too
much expression is taken to be shallow in some
places whereas in some it is taken as being weak.