it's a good presentation prepared by Daniyal Gohar.hope so it will help you,

2. T
opic:
Blood Pressure
Prepared By:
Daniyal Gohar
(11011506-061)
Botany Department
University of Gujra

3. What is Blood Pressure?
Blood Pressure is a measurement of the
force against the walls of the arteries as the
heart pumps blood throughout the body.
• Usually, blood pressure refers to arterial
blood pressure.

4. Measurement of BP
• Blood pressure is measured in mmHg
(mili meters of mercury).
• Blood pressure is typically recorded as two
numbers, written as a ratio like this
• Diastolic
• systolic

5. Systolic
• The top number, which is also the higher of
the two numbers, measures the pressure in the
arteries when the heart beats (when the heart
muscle contracts).

6. Diastolic
• The bottom number, which is also the lower of
the two numbers, measures the pressure in the
arteries between heartbeats (when the heart
muscle is resting between beats and refilling
with blood).

7. Blood pressure may be affected by
many different conditions:
•
•
•
•
•
Cardiovascular disorders
Neurological conditions
Kidney and urological disorders
Pre eclampsia in pregnant women
Psychological factors such as stress, anger, or
fear .
• Use of various medications

8. Measurement

9. Blood pressure changes may lead to:
• Low blood pressure (Hypotension)
• High blood pressure (Hypertension)

10. What is low blood
pressure(hypotension)?
Low blood pressure means that your
blood pressure is lower than normal.
Another name for low blood pressure is
hypotension.

11. Hypotension
• If your blood pressure drops suddenly or
causes symptoms like dizziness or fainting, it
is too low. It can cause shock. Shock can be
dangerous if it is not treated right away.

12. What causes hypotension?
• Some of the causes of low blood pressure
include:
• Getting up after you sit or lie down. This can
cause a quick drop in blood pressure
called orthostatic hypotension.
• Standing for a long time.
• Not drinking enough fluids (dehydration).

13. What causes hypotension?
• Medicines, such as high blood
pressure medicine or other heart medicines.
• Health problems such as , severe infection, or
heart problems.
• Shock
• pregnancy

14. Symptoms
Some common symptoms are:
• Feeling dizzy,
lightheaded, or faint.
• Having a fast
or irregular heartbeat.
• Feeling sick to
your stomach
• Feeling more thirsty
than usual.
•
•
•
•
•
Having blurry vision.
Feeling weak.
Being confused.
Being tired.
Having cold,
clammy skin.
• Breathing very fast.

15. Treatment and Prevention
• Depending on the cause(s) for your low blood
pressure, certain lifestyle modifications or
medications might help prevent and reduce
your symptoms.

16. Treatment and Prevention
• There are a few lifestyle changes that can help
with low blood pressure:
• Drink more fluids, like water,
• Limit your alcohol intake.
• Wear compression stockings to prevent blood
from pooling.

17. Treatment and Prevention
• Change body positions slowly.
• Increasing your salt intake can help with low
blood pressure. prevent excessive salt intake.
In the case of shock, seek emergency medical
treatment immediately.

18. High blood pressure
(Hypertension)
• If this pressure is too high it puts a strain on
your arteries and your heart, which makes it
more likely that you will suffer a heart attack,
a stroke or kidney disease.

19. Hypertension
Hypertension may be classified as essential or
secondary.
•Primary hypertension: is the term for high blood
pressure with unknown cause. It accounts for about
95% of cases.
•Secondary hypertension: is the term for high
blood pressure with a known direct cause, such as
kidney disease, tumors, or birth control pills.

20. Primary Hypertension
• Mostly nine in 10 people with high blood
pressure have what's called primary or
essential hypertension. This means it has no
single clear cause.

21. Causes
Many factors to do with your lifestyle may
contribute to primary hypertension. These include:
•smoking
•being overweight or obese
•drinking a lot of alcohol
•lack of exercise
•unhealthy diet - especially if it's high in salt

22. Secondary hypertension
• Around one in 20 people with high blood
pressure have secondary hypertension. This
means your doctor can link your high blood
pressure to a known cause such as:

23. causes
• kidney disease
• endocrine disease (hormone disorders)
• narrowing of the aorta or the arteries leading to
the kidneys.
Secondary hypertension can also be caused by:
• steroid medicines
• the contraceptive pill
• pre-eclampsia -

24. Symptoms Of Hypertension
Extremely high blood pressure may lead to some
symptoms
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•
•
•
•
Severe headaches
Fatigue or confusion
Dizziness
Nausea
Problems with vision
•
•
•
•
Chest pains
Breathing problems
Irregular heartbeat
Blood in the urine

25. Diagnosis of high blood pressure
Normal blood pressure can vary somewhat from
person to person according to many factors. What's
in the high-normal range for one person may be
considered high in a person with diabetes

26. The National Heart Foundation
offers a general guide:
Normal blood pressure
generally less than 120/80 mmHg
Normal-to-high blood pressure
between 120/80 and 140/90 mmHg
High blood pressure
140/90 mmHg or higher
Very high blood pressure
180/110 mmHg or higher

27. Treatment and prevention
Self-help
•Quit smoking
•Maintain a diet low in
saturated fat and salt
•Cut down on alcohol

28. Treatment and prevention
• Cut down on coffee and high-caffeine drinks,
such as cola
• Take regular, moderate-intensity exercise
• Lose any excess weight