Workplace Mental Health (WMH) is a sub-discipline concerned with psychological illness, injury and disability and the role of work as a causal or contributing factor. But, unfortunately, WHO announced that WMH is a ‘Cinderella’ subject. So, it is one of the most urgent demands facing the occupational health services (OHS).
4. MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health is a state of well-being in which an
individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the
normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to
make a contribution to his or her community (WHO, 2004).
Actually, It is a discipline that raising attention
worldwide (Howatt, 2015).
5. Workplace Mental Health (WMH) is a sub-discipline
concerned with psychological illness, injury and disability and
the role of work as a causal or contributing factor. But,
unfortunately, WHO announced that WMH is a ‘Cinderella’
subject (Cox et al., 2004). So, it is one of the most urgent
demands facing the occupational health services (OHS) (Leão &
Gomez, 2014).
Workplace Mental Health (WMH)
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8. Worker
- Long-term
sick leave.
- Exclusion
from work.
Employer
Productivity
problem.
Health care
Passive sick
listing &
drug ttt
without any
active ttt
(Jansson & Gunnarsson, 2018)
12. AT RISK OCCUPATIONS
Emergency &
Rescue services
• Police officers
• Military personnel
• Firefighters
• Disaster response
personnel
Transport
control
• Pilots
• Taxi drivers
• Public transport
drivers
Human service
• HCWs
• Teachers
• Social workers
• Sales & customer
service
• Public relations
(Woo & Postolache, 2008) (Stansfeld et al., 2013) (Jansson & Gunnarsson, 2018)
16. PREVALENCE AMONG GENERAL
WORKING POPULATION
Prevalence in the general working population within the past 12 months
(Steel, 2014)
CMD
1:5 (17.6%)
Anxiety disorders
1:15 (6.7%)
Mood disorders
1:20 (5.4%)
Substance abuse
1:25 (3.8%)
17. PREVALENCE AMONG HIGH RISK GROUPS
Commercial
pilots
MDD: 12.6%
Suicidal ideation:
4.1% (Wu et al.,
2016)
Firefighters
PTSD: 12.7%
MDD: 11.3%
(Harvey et al.,
2016)
HCWs
MDD: 22.0%
Burnout: 27.0%
Suicidal ideation:
13.0% (Talih et
al., 2016)
Police Officers
PTSD: 15% for
men & 18% for
women (Hartley
et al., 2013)
18. ECONOMIC BURDEN OF WMHP
The cost of MH leave is, on
average, double the cost of a
leave for a physical illness.
(Moll et al., 2015)
19. The global cost of CMD
(World Economic Forum)
$2.5 trillion
$6 trillion
(Hassard et al., 2014)
20. “HIDDEN COST” OF WMHP
(Goetzel et al., 2018)
Hiring costs related to recruitment
↑ Absenteeism
↑ Presenteeism
↑ Accidents ↓ Performance
Overtime & overstaffing
23. MHPs (18–64 years) in
the previous 12 months:
24.7%
Mood disorders:
The most prevalent
Depressive disorders: 43.0%
Drug abuse: 30.1%
National Mental Health Survey– Egypt - 2017
26. HCWs at Tanta University Emergency Hospital: Violence:
Physical 30.6%-Verbal 76.5%- Sexual 4.7%- >1 type 28.8%. Nearly
25% of cases with physical & sexual violence needed a vacation after
the assault (Kabbash & El-Sallamy, 2019)
Industrial workers 5 factories in 10th of Ramadan
city: Substance abuse:18.3%. “Tramadol (66.2%),
cannabis (55.4%)” (Bassiony et al., 2019)
Teachers: Depression: 23.2% Anxiety: 67.5%.
(Desouky & Allam, 2017)
PHC Physicians : high burnout: 66.7% of the GPs,
26.7% of specialists (Farahat et al., 2016)
27. Temporary Hired Cleaners in Governmental Hospitals:
CMDs (59.1%), Substance abuse: tramadol (39.7%),
cannabis (Bango) (35.9%) (Abbas et al.,2013)
Aluminum industry: Depression: 43.0%
Anxiety: 70.0% (Moussa et al., 2013)
Emergency medical responders (EMR) in the
main ambulance service: PTSD “13.6%”
(Khashaba et al., 2011)
Pesticides formulators & applicators: Psychiatric
disorders 50% among formulators & 30.7% among
applicators (Amr et al.,1997)
29. Strategy1:
Designing
work to
minimize harm
Strategy 2:
Building
organizational
resilience
Strategy 3:
Enhancing
personal
resilience
LEVELS & STRATEGIES OF PREVENTION
1ry prevention
To prevent disease or injury by reducing exposures to hazards.
30. 2ry prevention
Selective: high risk occupations ---- Indicated: early signs of WMHP.
Strategy 3: Enhancing
personal resilience
Strategy 4: Promoting
early help seeking
LEVELS & STRATEGIES OF PREVENTION
31. Strategy 5: Supporting recovery &
return to work
3ry prevention
To treat & reduce the impact of an ongoing illness or injury.
LEVELS & STRATEGIES OF PREVENTION
32. THE INTEGRATED APPROACH TO WMH
Mental health interventions should be delivered as part
of an integrated health strategy that covers prevention,
early identification, support and rehabilitation (WHO,
2019).
33. The integrated approach to WMH (LaMontagne et al., 2018)
2ry prevention
1ry prevention 2ry&3ry prevention
36. 2007
UN Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities
(CRPD)
اإلعاقة ذوي األشخاص حقوق اتفاقية
Everyone with a disability has
the right to work, should be
treated equally and not be
discriminated against, and
should be provided with
support in the workplace.
2009
Mental Health Act
النفسي المريض رعاية قانون
Establishment of a
National Mental Health
Council (NMHC)
(Fawzy, 2017)(WHO, 2019)
An Egyptian-Finnish Mental health reform programme
(EGYMEN) “2002-7”
(Jenkins et al., 2010)
37. The Egyptian MH strategy did not gain public or political acceptance
(Loza, 2010).
Lack of public awareness
of MH
Stigma of mental illness
42. Collaboration between academics, employers and policy
makers is urgently needed to design an integrated intervention
programs for WMH.
Optimal WMH is best facilitated by implementation of a
mixture of preventative strategies.
Workplace needs to be a key location for initiatives for reducing
the burden of MHPs.
44. Provision of
awareness raising
campaigns in all
workplaces
“Breaking The
Silence”.
Encouraging
employers to celebrate
the “World Mental
Health Day” on 10th
of October to raise
employees’ awareness
45. Training of
OHWs in the
detection &
management of
WMHP.
Research: to
evaluate the current
state of WMHP &
to implement
WMH programs.
46. Development of an
integrated
intervention program,
including OHWs,
psychologists, social
workers, and physical
therapists.
Legislative & policy
reform to address the
insufficient WMH
services that needed to
be included in the
country MH agenda.
WMH should be a
National priority
47. A National summit with experts
from government, universities,
business & media to explore the
current state & designing a start point
for moving forward
Editor's Notes
Workplace Mental Health:
Breaking the Silence
Workplace Mental Health: Beyond silence
Workplace Mental Health: Silence No More
Workplace Mental Health: Cinderella No More
Workplace Mental Health: A Call to Action
Workplace Mental Health: Do Not Wait for Tragedy