Rural Veterinary Service Delivery in East Africa: Challenges and Prospects-Samuel A. Adediran
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Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership β registered charity Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC. Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers
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Rural Veterinary Service Delivery in East Africa: Challenges and Prospects-Samuel A. Adediran
- 1. Rural Veterinary Service Delivery in East Africa: Challenges and Prospects Samuel A. Adediran 10th African Dairy Conference and Exhibition. KICC, Nairobi, Kenya. Sept 23rd β 26, 2014
- 2. Outlines Slide 2 β’ GALVmed β background β’ Livestock in poverty alleviation β’ Veterinary service delivery β’ Galvmed facilitates Public Private Partnership
- 3. GALVmed - Who we are β’ Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation β’ A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership β registered charity β’ Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC. β’ Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers GALVmed Purpose Protecting Livestock, Improving Human Life Mission To make a sustainable and impactful difference to the livelihoods of resource-poor farmers in developing countries by providing animal health tools within a sustainable economic framework Slide 3
- 4. GALVmed - What we do We support development and encourage adoption of animal health solutions by persons for whom livestock is a LIFELINE. We do this by intervention in all necessary links of the livestock value Slide 4 chain.
- 5. β’ 60-70% of world rural poor depend on Livestock (FAO, 2010) β’ Livelihood of ~1 Billion in Africa & Asia β 60% women β’ Agriculture provides ~30% GDP & Livestock 10 - 40% of it. β’ Livestock offers avenue for poverty alleviation Slide 5 Livestock in Poverty Alleviation Background Livestock: Key factor in the poverty alleviation equation. Animal Diseases is the greatest threat to the livelihood of ~ One billion persons in developing countries
- 6. ECF Vaccine: Enablement & Education Mr Jeremiah Mebolokini (right). βThe sale of my fatherβs cattle, thanks to the ECF vaccine, enabled me to go to English medium school. Now I am studying at university, this is due to the benefits of the vaccine.β Courtesy Stuart Brown Galvmed Slide 6
- 7. Dairy Gender empowerment & Nutrition Slide 7 β’ Women small holder Dairy Farmers earned 7 times more income compared with those local breeds. β’ Consumed 22% more milk and 30% more calories per day β’ Can afford 36% higher food expenditures, leading to the intake of a more nutritious diet.
- 8. Slide 8 1200.0 1000.0 800.0 600.0 400.0 200.0 0.0 Livestock in Poverty Alleviation Livestock and human population growth (Africa 1961-2009) 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 N u m b e r ( m) Years Livestock pop Human Pop β’ Global population increases by ~90 million people annually. β’ Food production have to increase by 50% to feed about 2 billion more - next 35 years
- 9. Opportunities in the animal health sector in Demand-driven opportunities - Animal protein intake Slide 9 East Africa β’ Extraordinarily projected increases in demand for animal-sourced food. By 2050 β’ meat market projected at 34.8million tons β’ milk ~82.6 million tonnes (145% - 155% respectively over 2005/07 levels). β’ Kenya - highest per capital (pc) milk consumer, β’ Uganda is the highest (pc) pork consumer in Africa Good - Huge demand = favourable business opportunities Bad - Africa is anticipated to increasingly become a net importer of animal-sourced foods β Why? β’ Production has not kept pace with demand
- 10. Rural Veterinary service delivery Challenges β’ Demand or supply? Availability β personnel or service β’ Weak business training of veterinarians? β’ Lack of Business Start-up Capital? β’ Availability of cold chain & diagnostic kits β’ Quicker return on investment in consumer vs. livestock Slide 10 health products β’ Unfavourable Policy environment? β’ Unfair competition - Globalisation, Donor orgs, Government. Etc β’ Poor planning and poorly organised sector. β’ Food for fuel, Global economic recession, Livestockβs long shadows
- 11. Slide 11 Which Veterinary services can be privatised? Private Private with public support for facilities Industry Levies & Public Clinical interventions & Treatments Vaccine production Public good extension Endemic diseases Diagnostic Services Public good research Sales of drugs and vaccines Veterinary Clinic Control of Epidemics Some Extension & research Dips Zoonotic disease control Food-borne disease control Drug quality control οΌ Governments role is setting, monitoring and enforcing standards for service delivery and making info available to the public β regulation οΌ Provision of Toll good services e.g. vaccine production, diagnostic labs, vet clinics, dip tanks etc can be managed by private organisations e.g. Vet. Societies
- 12. Opportunities in the animal health sector in Technical opportunities β’ Scarcity in the midst of plenty β Commercially biased AH industry β’ What is the production philosophy of animal health products service providers? β’ Huge knowledge gaps means Info Tech can play huge roles - iCow, Mpesa, etc. Slide 12 East Africa
- 13. Opportunities in the animal health sector in Institutional/Funding support β’ Donor organisations like BMGF,FAO, UNDP, IFAD giving tremendous financial support to livestock. β’ Huge number of livestock value chain partners in East Africa (TechnoServe, EADD, Heifer Int, USAID, etc). Slide 13 East Africa Opportunities in Policy: β’ Economic pressure - Global economic recession, Competing needs for resource allocation, Climate change β’ East Africa Economic block offers great scope for regional trade and policy harmonisation (Vaccine registration) β’ What does national governments want to do to promote livestock?
- 14. Slide 14 PPP Pathways for improved RVS? 1. Service Structure Innovation (SSI) 2. Enabling Environment Innovation (EEI) 1. Service Structure Innovation (SSI) ο Manpower β Number, Diversity (para-vets), business skills. ο Financial incentives to public-employed or new vets e.g. EU credit scheme in Kenya. ο Public cost recovery measures β e.g. UK ο Contracting out e.g. Morocco ο Private operated public toll goods β Dip Tanks, Diagnostic Labs etc ο Role for Regional organisations-ECOWAS, SADC, AUPANVAC etc ο OIE supported National Laboratories Twinning Projects
- 15. Slide 15 Enabling and facilitating PPP environment 2. Enabling Environment Innovation (EEI) ο· Innovative, privatised? Policy landscape (Training) ο· Support to Cooperatives - legislation, regulation & training (e.g. EADD Kenya). ο· Empowered Collective Action Organisations (CAO) e.g. Veterinary assoc. farmers (dairy) Cooperatives/pastoral assoc., Kenya, FMD eradication - Bolivia , vet clubs new-Zealand, India & Indonesia ο· Improved Market Access for livestock producers & service providers ο· Access to Micro-finance and Livestock Insurance schemes e.g. Kilimo Salama ο· Provide Agri-Business Service (ABS) support β successful donor funded models in urban areas.
- 16. Slide 16 Take Home message 1. Service Structure Innovation (SSI) 2. Enabling Environment Innovation (EEI) Pluralistic system where government at local and regional levels, ECOWAS, SADC, EAEC, AU-IBAR, AU-PANVAC, OIE etc, NGOβs, for-profit companies, veterinary and farmersβ organizations all play a role in service provision. ο Clear Role Definition β Dialogue at PPP FORUM ο Proactive response from the private sector and Collective Action Organisations
- 17. Small Scale Livestock: What must change Alternative production pathways β Pros & Cons β’ Increase number of Livestock β’ Increase production per animal Slide 17 β’ Greater commitment to Livestock β MDG goals. β’ Application of adapted science & technology. β’ Engage youths in livestock production β’ Invest in Human Capital β’ Stop talking, start working β’ Learn from global lessons β’ Make hay β¦. While donor support lasts! β’ Eschew bitter politics
- 18. Investment in Animal Health as bedrock for Livestock Slide 18 Conclusions Development. When animals can survive through full vaccination against preventable diseases such as ECF, RVF, CBPP, PPR, ND etc and treated for other common illnesses, the future gets a lot more predictable. β¦ Livestock farmers start making decisions based on the reasonable expectation that their animals will live, they can keep fewer more productive animals, invest in nutrition and take more proactive steps to improve production, thus improved livelihood and food secure human society.
- 19. Slide 19 Rural Veterinary Service Delivery in East Africa: Challenges and Prospects Thank You
- 20. GALVmed Facilitates Public-Private-Partnership for improved rural veterinary service delivery Slide 20 Private sector services can be more cost effective and efficient. β’ Cost of tsetse fly control was ~35% lower using private compared to public VSD: Zimbabwe & Botswana 2000 β’ Vaccination in Morocco cost ~40% less with >27% coverage β’ Drug availability and use significantly increased in countries that have privatised the drug importation e.g. Cameroon, CARep, Cote DβIvoire, Ghana, Mali etc.
- 21. Veterinary Product Value Chain : Lessons from Case Studies Retailer in rural areas Manufacturer Distributor Traditional manufacturers Re sellers at market Vaccinators Farmers Traditional NGO Free service Subsidized service Fully paid service
- 22. Pilot project Business support Model Development Model Implementation ADOPTION Availability + access + demand ο Adoption β’ Priming market β’ Private sector β’ pilot projects PPP with GALVmed Products : Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda 1. ECF vaccine Distribution β GALVmed β Sidai Africa partnership -Kenya 2. ND vaccine marketing - Tanzania 3. ECF product registration challenges β Uganda.
- 23. Slide 23 Veterinary Product Value Chain : Lessons from Case Studies 1. Challenges exists at all levels of the chain 2. Roles of the different stakeholders are not clear in practice. 3. Challenges in Traditional market channels - unfair competition 4. Unusual factors distort the markets 5. Lack of capital hinders private practice set up 6. Agri-business service support to bridge Low business skills gaps 7. Assure sustainability
Editor's Notes
- βAt the macro level, agriculture is an important means of broad based income generation: a 1% gain in GDP originating in agriculture generates a 6% increase in overall expenditure of the poorest 10% of the population compared to zero in non-agricultural sectors. Livestock is an integral part of agriculture. It contributes 40% of the global value of agricultural output and supports the livelihoods and food security of almost a billion people.β βLivestock keeping is particularly relevant for marginalised groups such as women. Two-thirds of the worldβs poor livestock keepers are women.β Globalisation β Market access, Trade regulations Domestic producer protection in EU, America & Japan, Subsidy creates Market distortion and dumping of cheap imports on developing countries Obtain farmers views β perpectives The purpose of the paper is to explore Livestock in the context of -Rural Development -Poverty Alleviation -Food Security Poverty β What is it? β Initially considered absolute measured in terms of Income Threshold - <1.25D/day. Deprivation of access - Poverty and social exclusion (PSE) from ordinary patterns, customs and activities of society. β Peter Townsend. Consensual β uses public opinion to determine minimum acceptable standards for lack of resources not by choice. The βminimum budget standardsβ approach tackles this question by identifying a basket of essential goods and costing those goods so as to set a minimum budget necessary to live without poverty Capabailities, rights and wellbeing. The βdeveloping worldβ is poorer than we often realize (βpaved road biasβ). β’ Heterogeneity prevails β one size will not fit all (e.g. emerging βmiddle classβ in EA&P). β’ The poor predominantly live in rural areas and food and agriculture are central to their livelihoods.
- The existing ECF vaccine β while technically cumbersome and relatively pricey is stopping cattle dying and helping to pay for basic human healthcare and school books. The vaccineβs enabling the education of people like Jeremiah here who has gone on to study business administration at University on the proceeds of cattle protected by the vaccine. An ECF Consortium, led by the International Livestock Research Institute ILRI is leading work on developing a new vaccine. Meanwhile GALVmed and ILRI have been supporting technology transfer of the existing vaccine to the Centre for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Malawi (CTTBD).
- The existing ECF vaccine β while technically cumbersome and relatively pricey is stopping cattle dying and helping to pay for basic human healthcare and school books. The vaccineβs enabling the education of people like Jeremiah here who has gone on to study business administration at University on the proceeds of cattle protected by the vaccine. An ECF Consortium, led by the International Livestock Research Institute ILRI is leading work on developing a new vaccine. Meanwhile GALVmed and ILRI have been supporting technology transfer of the existing vaccine to the Centre for Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases in Malawi (CTTBD).