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Imperialism and WW1 Notes
Beginning of Imperialism
End of 1800-Height of
industrialization

Ethnocentric:Better than the rest

Take over for "their best interest"

Like Manifest Destiny:
Superiority

Need to expand in Pacific like         Key Vocabulary:
Europe                          Isolationism-Staying out of
                              the affairs of other countries
Reasons
Imperialism: Stronger country takes
over a smaller one and controls it

Reasons: Need foreign trade, spread
Western beliefs, loss of Western
frontier, needed new place to settle

1) Want to sell goods for money

2) Racism: Dominion over inferior
                                          Key Vocabulary:
races
                                     Expansionism-Moving out of
3) Competition: Nations were
expanding because of trade--Belief
                                    one's country for money,
economy would collapse if we did not superiority, and rivalry
expand
Japan Opens Trading Doors
Matthew Perry, a commodore, was
sent to Japan with four warships

Japanese had never seen steamships

Perry was ordered to leave, but first
gave letter from President Fillmore

One year later, returned with a fleet
of ships, and Japanese agreed to       The Japanese were
Treaty of Kanagawa, making Japan         "impressed" by
open its trading doors to              American strength.
industrialism
Seward's Folly
Buys Alaska from Russia
for $7 million

2 cents an acre

Called Seward's Folly

Got Congress approval due
to hope of gaining Canada

Ended up being rich in oil
and lumber
US Navy
Imperialist Alfred Mahan, a
former navy captain, published
papers about navy

Believed America could only
survive through foreign trade

Trading ships needed to be
protected by navy vessel
steamships

US Navy went from 13 to 3rd most
powerful

"Great White Fleet"-Named after
white painted ship hulls
Spreading Out
"White Man's Burden" : US belief we had the
need and duty to spread and expand out

Annexed Hawaii to start expanding

Annexed Samoa later
Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaiian queen who loved
Hawaii independence and
resented foreign
interference in government

Against foreign traders
coming and going from
Hawaii

Gave her throne up after
seeing threat of American
forces
Open Door Policy
Open Door Policy in China
agreed by other powers:
America would be allowed to
trade with China markets

John Hay: Persuaded
everyone to be friends

Having America as an ally
"makes sense"
Spheres of Influence
Boxer's Rebellion
John Hay convincing people to not be
angered by Chinese rebellion

Chinese use to be world power, but broke
down under many wars within

America wanted to continue trading and
making money

US did not actually care about Chinese
British cartoon of all the world powers flocking around the
    dead carcass of China, trying to stake their share
Conflict with Spain
Fight over Cuba: rich in goods

Helped Cuban rebellion in order to get it under our
control

Left US military presence after Spanish-America War
                                   Rough Riders-
                                 Mixed crew of men
                                  who joined other
                                 troops and fought
                                 under the watch of
                                      Roosevelt
Spanish-American War
Newspaper depicting cruel Spanish
treatment of Cubans that were not
true

US battleship "Maine" was blown
up

American newspapers blamed
Spain, leading to US outrage
towards Spanish--yellow journalism

News got all nation backing the war:
Confidence of the public
                                         Key Vocabulary:
4 month war: Easily defeated       Yellow Journalism-Stories
Spanish navy                           written of sensational,
Battle of San Juan Hill: Lead by       often untrue, events
Roosevelt
Pulitzer and Hearst
Yellow journalist who stirred
American anger with his
yellow journalism

Wrote stories of often false
tales of Spanish cruelty
towards Cubans

Blamed Spaniards for Maine
blowing up
Spanish-American War Results
US gains Puerto Rico and Guam

US takes Philippines: Major Spanish colony

Spain grants independence to Cuba

US troops remain in Cuba post-war

US gives itself the right to intervene in the
Cuban government whenever they want

Limited independence to Cuba, Puerto Rico,
and Philippines
Platt Amendment
Americans remaining in Cuba--Believed it was
not ready for independence

Let them write their own constitution

Amendment allowed US the right to intervene

US got naval base at Guantanamo Bay
Latin America
Roosevelt protector of our business in Latin
America

Americans want to build Panama Canal to be able
to ship easily to Asia--Across Isthmus of Panama

Colombia rejects plan to build canal

America supports rebellion in Panama against
Colombia

New Panama government grants us Canal
Foraker Act
New government set up in Puerto Rico

Limited Puerto Rican say in affairs

Made citizens of the US

Schools, roads, and health care given

Puerto Ricans still wanted to be free
Roosevelt Corollary
Declares the
US has the
right to use
military force to
keep order in
Latin America

Based off of
Monroe
Doctrine
Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt's says that America can negotiate
peacefully but has the threat of the "big stick"
which is the US military
Post-Use of the Big Stick
T used dollar diplomacy
 aft

$ Diplomacy: Build economy and trade between US
and Latin America

Woodrow Wilson: Used moral diplomacy and sided
with democratic nations and peace

Wilson believed not siding with non-democratic
nations will crush their economy and they will submit
to America
Mexican Invasion
Mexican rebelled against Díaz, Mexican
president

Killings brought General Huerta into power

Wilson: "...government of butchers"

Capture and murder of American citizens
brought US intervention

American troops sent in, but withdrawn after
US force was demonstrated
World War One Overview
World War One started in Europe and eventually
spread to America as well, despite efforts of neutrality

The war lasted 4 bloody years and was between many
nations
Reasons behind the start
Extreme nationalism:
Pride in each country
that increased strained
                                    Rival Countries and Why
rivalry
                             •Germany and France
Imperialistic powers were    -France had to surrender Alsace-
racing to gain the most      Lorraine, an iron-rich colony
land in other lands like     •Austria-Hungary and Russia:
Africa                       -Nationalism increase hostility
                             -Russians encouraged Serbians to
Militarism: Countries were
                             rise against their rulers
expanding their armies
and navies in preparation
for war
Alliances
The network of alliances
was so that nations that
were attacked would
have countries
protecting them and
fighting back

Pre-War: Triple Alliance
of Germany, Austria-
Hungary, and Italy

Pre-War: Triple Entente
of France, Russia, and
Britain
Imperialism and WW1
Note: Turkish Empire refers to Ottoman Empire
What happened?
WW1 started because the heir
to Austria-Hungary, Francis
Ferdinand, was visiting Bosnia
and was assassinated

The Black Hand, a Serbian
terrorist group, were behind
the slaying

Serbia was accused and one
after another, attacks
occurred and all the alliances
were called in, starting the war
Trench Warfare
Trenches were dug, some shallow
and some elaborate with tunnels

Some served as HQs and hospitals       Stalemate-
                                     Deadlock when
Space between them called No          neither side is
Man's Land                           strong enough to
                                      overpower the
Attack by bombing opponents, then         other

running across and trampling as
many ditches before the other side
does it back at you
Gas Warfare
Most feared weapon during war

Caused choking, blindness, or severe sin blisters
and killed many

Gas masks we're worn to prevent inhalation of
the dangerous chemicals
Submarine Warfare
German ports were blockaded so they used
U-boats to block British ports

Shot torpedoes at anyone going in or out of
Britain--including neutral ships

Angered Americans by shooting neutral
trading ships going to and from Britain

Agreed to first surface before shooting ships
down, due to American anger about Lusitania
German U-boat submarine
Lusitania, a British passenger ship, was torpedoed, killing
     1,200 passengers, some of whom were American
American Neutrality
Wanted to not be brought into European conflict

Continued to trade between all sides

Careful to join due to dictatorship countries on both sides--Czar of
Russia and Kaiser of Germany

Tension over Lusitania sinking

Propaganda: Spreading ideas to help get aid
Battle of Verdun
Lasted for 10 months due to nature of trench warfare

Germans lost 40,000 men trying to overrun French
troops

French lost more trying to defend trenches
Harlem Hell Fighters
African American infantry that fought the
French Army
Extra Vocabulary
Warmonger: Person who tries to stir up war

Kaiser: German ruler

Czar: Russian emperor

Armistice: Agreement to stop fighting

Pacifist: Someone who refuses to fight

Epidemic: Rapid spread of a disease
Home Front
Movie stars united to sell Liberty
Bonds: Bonds lent money to the
government in order to afford war
time needs and costs

Women stepped into men's jobs
and received better pays than in
peacetime

Intolerance and hatred of German
Americans led to mob violence

Migration of African and Mexican
Americans from the South to the      Charlie Chapman, an actor,
North                                helped sell Liberty Bonds
War Labor Board
Federal agency
started by Wilson

Used to maintain
labor reliability
during wartime
needs
Early Allied Setbacks
Loss of millions of soldiers; Survivors were tired and ill

British and French civilians starving

Russia withdrew from war and after revolution, peace talks
started between Russia and Germany

Germany mobilized troops for the final push to end the war

Bombarded British, who endured--Turning point once
America entered

              Treaty of Brest-Litovsk-
     Ended Russian participation in the war
Allied Victory


American troops came to help French and
forced the Germans to retreat

Kaiser told the war could not be won and an
armistice stopped the fighting
Key Legislation
Zimmerman Telegraph: Proposal from Germany to
Mexico, asking for them to fight against US;
Intercepted by Britain

Selective Service Act: Federal government could
raise a hundreds of thousands sized national army

League of Nations: Passed after WW1 to ensure
global peace--Negotiating

Treaty of Versailles: Passed to end fighting
between Germany and Allied Forces
End of War
Wilson want peace without victory

France and Britain want Germany to suffer

League of Nation fails

US doesn't want to get into foreign
conflict

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Imperialism and WW1

  • 2. Beginning of Imperialism End of 1800-Height of industrialization Ethnocentric:Better than the rest Take over for "their best interest" Like Manifest Destiny: Superiority Need to expand in Pacific like Key Vocabulary: Europe Isolationism-Staying out of the affairs of other countries
  • 3. Reasons Imperialism: Stronger country takes over a smaller one and controls it Reasons: Need foreign trade, spread Western beliefs, loss of Western frontier, needed new place to settle 1) Want to sell goods for money 2) Racism: Dominion over inferior Key Vocabulary: races Expansionism-Moving out of 3) Competition: Nations were expanding because of trade--Belief one's country for money, economy would collapse if we did not superiority, and rivalry expand
  • 4. Japan Opens Trading Doors Matthew Perry, a commodore, was sent to Japan with four warships Japanese had never seen steamships Perry was ordered to leave, but first gave letter from President Fillmore One year later, returned with a fleet of ships, and Japanese agreed to The Japanese were Treaty of Kanagawa, making Japan "impressed" by open its trading doors to American strength. industrialism
  • 5. Seward's Folly Buys Alaska from Russia for $7 million 2 cents an acre Called Seward's Folly Got Congress approval due to hope of gaining Canada Ended up being rich in oil and lumber
  • 6. US Navy Imperialist Alfred Mahan, a former navy captain, published papers about navy Believed America could only survive through foreign trade Trading ships needed to be protected by navy vessel steamships US Navy went from 13 to 3rd most powerful "Great White Fleet"-Named after white painted ship hulls
  • 7. Spreading Out "White Man's Burden" : US belief we had the need and duty to spread and expand out Annexed Hawaii to start expanding Annexed Samoa later
  • 8. Queen Liliuokalani Hawaiian queen who loved Hawaii independence and resented foreign interference in government Against foreign traders coming and going from Hawaii Gave her throne up after seeing threat of American forces
  • 9. Open Door Policy Open Door Policy in China agreed by other powers: America would be allowed to trade with China markets John Hay: Persuaded everyone to be friends Having America as an ally "makes sense"
  • 11. Boxer's Rebellion John Hay convincing people to not be angered by Chinese rebellion Chinese use to be world power, but broke down under many wars within America wanted to continue trading and making money US did not actually care about Chinese
  • 12. British cartoon of all the world powers flocking around the dead carcass of China, trying to stake their share
  • 13. Conflict with Spain Fight over Cuba: rich in goods Helped Cuban rebellion in order to get it under our control Left US military presence after Spanish-America War Rough Riders- Mixed crew of men who joined other troops and fought under the watch of Roosevelt
  • 14. Spanish-American War Newspaper depicting cruel Spanish treatment of Cubans that were not true US battleship "Maine" was blown up American newspapers blamed Spain, leading to US outrage towards Spanish--yellow journalism News got all nation backing the war: Confidence of the public Key Vocabulary: 4 month war: Easily defeated Yellow Journalism-Stories Spanish navy written of sensational, Battle of San Juan Hill: Lead by often untrue, events Roosevelt
  • 15. Pulitzer and Hearst Yellow journalist who stirred American anger with his yellow journalism Wrote stories of often false tales of Spanish cruelty towards Cubans Blamed Spaniards for Maine blowing up
  • 16. Spanish-American War Results US gains Puerto Rico and Guam US takes Philippines: Major Spanish colony Spain grants independence to Cuba US troops remain in Cuba post-war US gives itself the right to intervene in the Cuban government whenever they want Limited independence to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Philippines
  • 17. Platt Amendment Americans remaining in Cuba--Believed it was not ready for independence Let them write their own constitution Amendment allowed US the right to intervene US got naval base at Guantanamo Bay
  • 18. Latin America Roosevelt protector of our business in Latin America Americans want to build Panama Canal to be able to ship easily to Asia--Across Isthmus of Panama Colombia rejects plan to build canal America supports rebellion in Panama against Colombia New Panama government grants us Canal
  • 19. Foraker Act New government set up in Puerto Rico Limited Puerto Rican say in affairs Made citizens of the US Schools, roads, and health care given Puerto Ricans still wanted to be free
  • 20. Roosevelt Corollary Declares the US has the right to use military force to keep order in Latin America Based off of Monroe Doctrine
  • 21. Big Stick Policy Roosevelt's says that America can negotiate peacefully but has the threat of the "big stick" which is the US military
  • 22. Post-Use of the Big Stick T used dollar diplomacy aft $ Diplomacy: Build economy and trade between US and Latin America Woodrow Wilson: Used moral diplomacy and sided with democratic nations and peace Wilson believed not siding with non-democratic nations will crush their economy and they will submit to America
  • 23. Mexican Invasion Mexican rebelled against Díaz, Mexican president Killings brought General Huerta into power Wilson: "...government of butchers" Capture and murder of American citizens brought US intervention American troops sent in, but withdrawn after US force was demonstrated
  • 24. World War One Overview World War One started in Europe and eventually spread to America as well, despite efforts of neutrality The war lasted 4 bloody years and was between many nations
  • 25. Reasons behind the start Extreme nationalism: Pride in each country that increased strained Rival Countries and Why rivalry •Germany and France Imperialistic powers were -France had to surrender Alsace- racing to gain the most Lorraine, an iron-rich colony land in other lands like •Austria-Hungary and Russia: Africa -Nationalism increase hostility -Russians encouraged Serbians to Militarism: Countries were rise against their rulers expanding their armies and navies in preparation for war
  • 26. Alliances The network of alliances was so that nations that were attacked would have countries protecting them and fighting back Pre-War: Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy Pre-War: Triple Entente of France, Russia, and Britain
  • 28. Note: Turkish Empire refers to Ottoman Empire
  • 29. What happened? WW1 started because the heir to Austria-Hungary, Francis Ferdinand, was visiting Bosnia and was assassinated The Black Hand, a Serbian terrorist group, were behind the slaying Serbia was accused and one after another, attacks occurred and all the alliances were called in, starting the war
  • 30. Trench Warfare Trenches were dug, some shallow and some elaborate with tunnels Some served as HQs and hospitals Stalemate- Deadlock when Space between them called No neither side is Man's Land strong enough to overpower the Attack by bombing opponents, then other running across and trampling as many ditches before the other side does it back at you
  • 31. Gas Warfare Most feared weapon during war Caused choking, blindness, or severe sin blisters and killed many Gas masks we're worn to prevent inhalation of the dangerous chemicals
  • 32. Submarine Warfare German ports were blockaded so they used U-boats to block British ports Shot torpedoes at anyone going in or out of Britain--including neutral ships Angered Americans by shooting neutral trading ships going to and from Britain Agreed to first surface before shooting ships down, due to American anger about Lusitania
  • 34. Lusitania, a British passenger ship, was torpedoed, killing 1,200 passengers, some of whom were American
  • 35. American Neutrality Wanted to not be brought into European conflict Continued to trade between all sides Careful to join due to dictatorship countries on both sides--Czar of Russia and Kaiser of Germany Tension over Lusitania sinking Propaganda: Spreading ideas to help get aid
  • 36. Battle of Verdun Lasted for 10 months due to nature of trench warfare Germans lost 40,000 men trying to overrun French troops French lost more trying to defend trenches
  • 37. Harlem Hell Fighters African American infantry that fought the French Army
  • 38. Extra Vocabulary Warmonger: Person who tries to stir up war Kaiser: German ruler Czar: Russian emperor Armistice: Agreement to stop fighting Pacifist: Someone who refuses to fight Epidemic: Rapid spread of a disease
  • 39. Home Front Movie stars united to sell Liberty Bonds: Bonds lent money to the government in order to afford war time needs and costs Women stepped into men's jobs and received better pays than in peacetime Intolerance and hatred of German Americans led to mob violence Migration of African and Mexican Americans from the South to the Charlie Chapman, an actor, North helped sell Liberty Bonds
  • 40. War Labor Board Federal agency started by Wilson Used to maintain labor reliability during wartime needs
  • 41. Early Allied Setbacks Loss of millions of soldiers; Survivors were tired and ill British and French civilians starving Russia withdrew from war and after revolution, peace talks started between Russia and Germany Germany mobilized troops for the final push to end the war Bombarded British, who endured--Turning point once America entered Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- Ended Russian participation in the war
  • 42. Allied Victory American troops came to help French and forced the Germans to retreat Kaiser told the war could not be won and an armistice stopped the fighting
  • 43. Key Legislation Zimmerman Telegraph: Proposal from Germany to Mexico, asking for them to fight against US; Intercepted by Britain Selective Service Act: Federal government could raise a hundreds of thousands sized national army League of Nations: Passed after WW1 to ensure global peace--Negotiating Treaty of Versailles: Passed to end fighting between Germany and Allied Forces
  • 44. End of War Wilson want peace without victory France and Britain want Germany to suffer League of Nation fails US doesn't want to get into foreign conflict

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