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Lecture notes for lecture on container gardening using California native plants.
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Container gardens 2015 - notes
1.
© Project SOUND Captivating
Containers: more container gardening with California native plants C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve Madrona Marsh Preserve November 7 & 12, 2015
2.
Every garden needs
an accent or two… May be living (plants) or hardscape elements What accents do: Draw the eye to them – they are a focal point in the design Help balance a design Add interest Contrast with other elements of the design Accent plants: are usually striking because of their shape, texture, color (foliage or flower/fruit) or size © Project SOUND http://i.ytimg.com/vi/CE7vZ9cZWDE/maxresdefault.jpg http://www.viette.com/v.php?pg=489
3.
2015: Sustainable Gardening
is Life-friendly gardening © Project SOUND Native plants make sense as garden accents http://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/view/?id=695 Provide a sense of place Good fit for conditions Provide habitat Human uses: food, fiber, scents, etc. But, how can we actually use them as garden accents?
4.
Containers are used increasingly as
accents The containers themselves can be decorative accents More attractive containers are available all the time Allow you to feature plants at their best times Containers are versatile: Small gardens Patios/porches As dividers © Project SOUND http://www.artisticbonsaicircle.co.uk/acc022cd.htm http://imageion.com/2015/breathtaking-garden-decoration-ideas/
5.
Native plants in
pots: good and bad Good news Many lovely natives will grow in pots Can grow native even if you have very little soil (porches) Habitat value (including for humans) Challenges Some natives are ‘seasonal’ Some have unusual requirements Some – particularly those with deep taproots – may be difficult to grow in pots Some shrubs, which need a long dry period, are also difficult to maintain © Project SOUND
6.
Let’s consider some
practical ways you can use native plant containers to their full potential © Project SOUND http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-MeiSjkSlG-s/TcdTDIwrg7I/AAAAAAAADGU/ioAGkO_J1_o/s1600/222.JPG
7.
Seasonal color pot
as an accent – is it possible with native plants? © Project SOUND http://www.bulbsareeasy.com/cms/bulbs_for_containers/ http://www.container-gardening-for-you.com/container- garden-design-yellow-tulips.html
8.
Lets assume you’re
starting with a blank slate… and an inspiring photo © Project SOUND http://www.houzz.com/discussions/513711/california-ranch-home-gets-improved-curb-appeal-and-new-entry http://www.deep-roots.net/Landscape.htm
9.
Choosing the right container
– first decide who’s the star © Project SOUND http://www.shopterrain.com/article/best-beach-plantings http://flowerspotdesign.blogspot.com/2015/01/how-to-plant-flowers-in-pot.html For accent containers, either the plants, the pot, or both can be the focal point http://gardensbeds.tk/garden-containers/
10.
© Project SOUND http://www.smugcreekgardens.com/containergardening.html http://www.backyardnature.com/cgi-bin/gt/tpl.h,content=231 rose http://www.gardenguides.com/container-gardening-tips/ http://ucyclyd.com/2015/stunning-small-garden-design-ideas/ Containers
Plants Both Both
11.
You choose a
set of simple, terra cotta pots, appropriate for your home © Project SOUND http://www.houzz.com/discussions/513711/california-ranch-home-gets-improved-curb-appeal-and-new-entry How can I provide seasonal color all year long?
12.
One easy solution:
the ‘Cache pot’ solution (double potting) © Project SOUND http://www.fabdwell.com/home/mid-century-modern-planters- addressing-beauty-function/ http://www.calendariodojardim.com.br/anterior es/Dica0412.html http://www.canberraorchids.org/tips.html Pot stand made from a cheap plastic pot Allows you to switch out plants for seasonal color http://www.crateandbarrel.com/ bronze-26.5-tall-tapered- planter/s595512?si=2205077& aff=cj 8” wide/11” deep insert
13.
Seasonal color pot
using double-potted native plants Advantages Allows you to use attractive pots that might not be other-wise suitable (metal) Can feature plants at their most attractive season Can be easy to switch plants; don’t have to move heavy pots around Can grow seasonal accents even on patios, decks, porches Can use plants with different requirements Disadvantages Take more time, planning Need place to store inner pots in the off season © Project SOUND http://coolshire.com/using-planters-for-container-gardening-and- urban-gardening/ Double potting also helps keep plant roots cooler
14.
Good choices for
bulb native pots native Alliums (onions) native Brodiaea species (Harvest lilies) native Camassia (Camas) native Dichelostemas (Wild hyacynths) © Project SOUND Camassia Tritelia Brodiaea Allium
15.
Planting native bulbs
for accent pots A few tricks we’ve learned Use either regular clay pots or plastic (if letting dry over summer) Don’t worry too much about the potting soil Plant bulbs at 2X their longest length – they will position themselves Use as many bulbs as you can to create a spectacular pot If bulbs are rare/expensive: Combine with annual wildflowers first few years Let propagate both vegetatively and by seed © Project SOUND http://frustratedgardener.com/2012/10/13/planting-autumn-bulbs-in- containers/ Store container – as is – in cool dry place after blooming Repot every few years in fall; other years just add layer of potting soil Note bloom times in your Garden Notebook – will help you plan for seasonal color
16.
Tricks for annual color
plants Plant at the right time of year (usually with first rains) Sow thickly – they won’t mind Keep them watered – dry out in winter Santana winds Collect seeds or let re-seed Serial-sow later blooming species © Project SOUND
17.
Planning for year-round
accent pots Winter/spring Spring bulbs (all except Brodiaeae & some Alliums) Spring annual wildflowers Later spring/summer Brodiaeae & some Alliums Later annual wildflowers: Clarkias; Collinsia; Gilia capitata (may serial sow) Perennials: Red Buckwheat Conejo Buckwheat Summer/Fall California fuschia (Epilobium species) Non-native flowering plants Water-loving ferns, perennials Warm-season grasses © Project SOUND
18.
Perennials expand your container
palette Yarrow Smaller buckwheats (Red and Conejo) CA sea thrift (Armeria) CA fuschia (Epilobium) Monkeyflowers (Diplacus & Mimulus species) Many more © Project SOUND https://www.pinterest.com/pin/418694096580931757/
19.
The ‘cache pot’
solution : many looks, many advantages © Project SOUND http://www.maison-deco.com/jardin/deco-jardin/30-cache-pot-pour- mettre-en-valeur-vos-plantes http://stinside.canalblog.com/archives/2011/12/14/22940091.html http://www.ikea.com/fr/fr/catalog/products/90233613/ Can be used with any style of architecture
20.
Let’s consider another
option for optimizing seasonal color with natives © Project SOUND
21.
What would the
pros do with seasonally attractive plants? Solution 2: The ‘Staging Solution’ Move most attractive plants to the forefront at their peak Move less attractive plants to places where they are less noticeable (or switch with seasonal replacements) Have some (larger, background plants) that always look good, and never need to be moved © Project SOUND
22.
© Project SOUND Lot’s
of people like the look of succulents in containers – they look good in many situations
23.
Can tailor
the container to the plant: Size and material Aesthetics Can grow plants with very different needs right next to one another [non-native succulents & Dudleyas] Can ‘stage’ plants according to their seasonal attractiveness © Project SOUND Advantages of planting individual plants (succulents) in pots https://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/view/?id=3944 Dudleya palmeri Dudleya edulis
24.
Many native succulents
grow well in containers Dudleyas (Live-forevers) Dudleya britonii D. caespitosa D. farinosa D. hasseii D. palmeri D. pulverulenta D. traskiae Lewisia Sedums Sedum laxum ssp eastwoodiae Sedum niveum Sedum spathulifolium Sedum stenopetalum © Project SOUND
25.
© Project SOUND *Bitterroot
– Lewisia cotyledon ©2004 Mike Ireland
26.
Growing native succulents:
in containers Choose an unglazed terra cotta planter (best) Use a good Dudleya/succulent/cactus mix Mix 1 1 part peat 1 part commercial potting soil (something basic) 3 parts porous rock, such as pumice, lava, or a mixture of the two Mix 2 2 parts potting soil 1 part perlite or pumice 1 part lava rock, gravel or very coarse builder’s (sharp) sand (or combination) ¼ recommended amount of time-release fertilizer (Osmacote) Use a gravel mulch Place in proper light condition (often part-shade) © Project SOUND
27.
Pleasing designs with multiple
pots Have plenty of green foliage Limit the colors and shapes of pots: choose a theme Have enough variability in either the flowers or foliage to provide accents © Project SOUND http://otonanogucci.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/small-balcony-garden-ideas-10.jpg http://img.kwikdeko.com/2013/03/balcony-garden-19.jpg
28.
© Project SOUND *Mojave
woodyaster – Xylorhiza tortifolia ©2010 Malia Volke
29.
Southwestern Utah
south to western Arizona and southeastern California Mojave and Sonoran Deserts AKA: Machaeranthera tortifolia © Project SOUND *Mojave woodyaster – Xylorhiza tortifolia Gerald and Buff Corsi © California Academy of Sciences Gary A. Monroe, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?XYTO2
30.
© Project SOUND Mojave
aster: a woody desert sub-shrub Size: 1-3 ft tall 2-3 ft wide Growth form: Mounded sub-shrub; woody base Many slender branches Drought deciduous Foliage: Leaves linear, gray-green, hairy and glandular Leave margins toothed, spiny Attractive shape and color Nice scent – used as a ‘perfume’ and ‘clothing scent’ Roots: tap root?? ©2009 Christopher L. Christie http://www.raisingbutterflies.org/xylorhiza-tortifolia/single-gallery/3824320
31.
© Project SOUND Sweet
aster flowers Blooms: with rains/irrigation; main season in spring (Mar-May) but may bloom in Oct. also. Flowers: Very showy in bloom Pretty little aster heads to 2” across Ray flowers lavender to white Disk flowers yellow Attracts wide range of insect pollinators Seeds: small, wind-distributed sunflower seeds ©2014 Richard Spellenberg ©1992 Gary A. Monroe
32.
You may need
to grow this one from seed Seed more readily available that plants Pretty easy to grow plants in Sunflower family Start in fall/early winter Start in 3-4” recycled nursery pots in part shade Barely cover seeds Keep medium moist Let seedlings grow to about 2-3 inches Carefully transplant to larger nursery containers to grow up © Project SOUND http://www.hazmac.biz/040329/040329XylorhizaTortifolia.html Use fresh seeds – small seeds lose their viability faster than do large seeds
33.
© Project SOUND Plant
Requirements Soils: Texture: well-drained pH: any local – 7.0-8.0 Light: Full sun to part-shade (afternoon shade fine) Water: Winter: good winter rains Summer: occasional to none – Water Zones 1-2 to 2 with well-drained soils. Fine with hot. Dry conditions once est. Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: inorganic mulch; will self- sow if happy ©2014 Richard Spellenberg
34.
© Project SOUND Mojave
aster: pleasant seasonal accent Pretty accent in desert-themed or rock gardens Good for hot, dry places Nice addition to pollinator and scent gardens An attractive pot plant©2011 Kendra Olcott Mark W. Skinner, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database ©1992 Gary A. Monroe
35.
© Project SOUND Flowering
perennials & sub-shrubs add interest and seasonal color; succulents add green
36.
You might want
to use both seasonally dormant and evergreen shrubs to allow for ‘staging’ © Project SOUND Gary A. Monroe, hosted by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
37.
© Project SOUND *Desert
Sage – Salvia dorii ©2004 James M. Andre
38.
Western U.S.
from WA to CA & AZ. Eastern Sierras, Tehachapi Mtns, Mojave Desert; Sandy, rocky or limestone soil on dry open slopes, on flats or foothills Pinyon-juniper, sagebrush, chaparral, and cool desert shrub plant communities. © Project SOUND *Desert Sage – Salvia dorii ©2008 Vernon Smith ©2013 Jean Pawek http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_cpn.pl?SADO4
39.
© Project SOUND Salvia
dorii: a mounded sage Size: 2-3 ft tall 3-4 ft wide Growth form: Mounded sub-shrub; usually wider than tall Many-branched; neat appearance Foliage: Gray-green Leaves small, hairy Aromatic of sage http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=SADO4
40.
© Project SOUND Sage
flowers deluxe Blooms: late spring/early summer; usually May-June in W. L.A. county’ Flowers: On a distinctive flowering stalk Typical sage/mint shape Purple to blue colored Surrounded by magenta bracts Truly lovely, showy Attract many pollinators: native bees, hummingbirds, butterflies, moths – excellent pollinator habitat plants!©2004 James M. Andre
41.
© Project SOUND Plant
Requirements Soils: Texture: well-drained - plant on mound or use cactus mix in pots pH: any local; alkali fine Light: Full sun Water: Winter: rains will suffice in most years Summer: occasional summer water (Water Zone 1-2); taper to none in fall Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: prune like other sages after blooming or in fall. ©2008 Vernon Smith ©2013 Jean Pawek
42.
© Project SOUND Showy
shrub for water- wise gardens As an accent in desert-themed gardens or rock gardens As low hedge In pollinator & butterfly gardens As an aromatic pot plant Image by Mary Winter http://www.birdandhike.com/Veg/Species/Shrubs/Salvia_dor/_Sal_dor.htm https://www.nargs.org/forum/salvia-dorrii-great-western-shrub
43.
© Project SOUND *
Apache Plume – Fallugia paradoxa
44.
© Project SOUND Flowers
and seeds are very showy Blooms: in spring – April-June in our area Flowers: Give a good clue that this plant is in the Rose family 2 inch pure white flowers like a wild rose – ooh la la Like a rose, attracts many insects (butterflies, bees, etc.) Seeds: Have fluffy tails – very showy on the plant Fade from pink to gold as they mature © 2010 James M. Andre
45.
© Project SOUND Gardeners
are discovering Apache Plume © 2002 Gary A. Monroe © 2003 Charles E. Jones http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/fallugia-paradoxa http://www.nazflora.org/Fallugia_paradoxa.htm As an accent plant in desert- themed gardens for beauty & habitat value As a foundation shrub In informal hedges/hedgerows In very hot, dry situations (parking lots; roadways)
46.
Limitations to the
‘Staging solution’ Some containers are too large to allow them to be moved easily Less variety possible than if ‘cache potting’ Plants must be managed more – takes time, ‘fiddling’ Plants must be chosen carefully for suitability: Growing conditions Size Aesthetics Role in overall design More appropriate for some architectural styles than others© Project SOUNDhttp://otonanogucci.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/small-balcony- garden-ideas-10.jpg
47.
Some situations call
for containers that look dramatic all year long… © Project SOUND http://www.aridaccents.com/uploads/1/3/1/7/13173938/2771947_orig.jpg
48.
…and some plants
are lovely all year long © Project SOUND http://www.succulentsandmore.com/2011/10/succulent-gardens- extravaganza-part-1.html Dudleya brittonii Agave species like Agave shawii
49.
Designer Solution 3
- the ‘architectural pot’ approach. Container & plants are permanent architectural elements © Project SOUNDhttp://downtownaustinblog.org/2013/09/05/patio-perfect-how-to-make-the-most-of-your- downtown-austin-condos-outdoor-space/ http://www.oakhavenrealty.com/10914-planter-pots-entry-rustic-with- container-plants-copper-roof-deck-grass-lawn-metal-roof-porch-potted- plants/
50.
Some native plants
are naturally dramatic… © Project SOUND http://www.aridaccents.com/uploads/1/3/1/7/13173938/2771947_orig.jpg http://www.pacifichorticulture.org/articles/dudleyas-for-the-garden/
51.
© Project SOUND *Coastal
Agave – Agave shawii © 2005 Vince Scheidt
52.
© Project SOUND *
Banana Yucca – Yucca baccata
53.
© Project SOUND Banana
Yucca: dramatic accent Size: 2-6 ft tall (flower stalk taller) 2-10 ft wide (spreads slowly) Growth form: Evergreen perennial ‘sub-shrub’ – typical Yucca form Many strap-like leaves in basal rosette Foliage: Leaves 1-3 ft long – depends on water Sharp spines on tips Roots: forms offsets (‘pups’) along rhizomes; long-lived http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Agavaceae/Yucca_baccata.html
54.
© Project SOUND *
Bigelow’s Beargrass/Nolina – Nolina bigelovii http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nolina_bigelovii
55.
© Project SOUND Nolina:
nice accent Nice accent plant in any dry garden Right at home in desert gardens, rock gardens, hot places Leaves used green or bleached in basketry; young flowers stalks can be baked and eaten http://www.delange.org/BeargrassBig/BeargrassBig.htm http://gallery.cvetq.info/displayimage.php?album=267&pos=4
56.
Architectural native plants:
more variety than you might think © Project SOUND
57.
Pete Veilleux -
East Bay Wilds Native Plant Nursery © Project SOUND Arctostaphylos bakeri pete@eastbaywilds.com
58.
Manzanitas for containers
Arctostaphylos bakeri Arctostaphylos densiflora 'Howard McMinn' Arctostaphylos edmundsii ‘Bert Johnson’ Arctostaphylos nummularia (including ‘Pennies from Heaven’) Arctostaphylos pajaroensis 'Myrtle Wolf‘& ‘Warren Roberts’ A. uva-ursi © Project SOUND Arctostaphylos edmundsii ‘Bert Johnson’ http://www.calfloranursery.com/plants/arctostaphylos-edmundsii-bert-johnson
59.
How big a
pot? Good rule of thumb: big enough for 2-3 year’s growth (learn enough about the plant’s growth to judge) Go big - the smallest (for small plants) should be 2.5 gallon Bigger can be better: Allows room for plants to grow Easier to maintain correct soil moisture Easier to maintain temperature © Project SOUND http://housetohome.media.ipcdigital.co.uk/96/000011849/e80f_orh550w550/R ed-Mud-Hut-planter.jpg
60.
What’s the deal
with CA natives in tall pots? © Project SOUND Advantages of tall, square pots Good for small areas like patios, balconies Easier to keep roots cool (in shady location) More soil – square pot holds 50% more soil than round Easier to water properly Allows native plants with deep roots to develop more normal root systems
61.
Advice on size:
tailor size and shape to plant’s root system © Project SOUND
62.
© Project SOUND There
are many native architectural plants http://rareexotics.com/store/index.php/cat_191 http://www.thedangergarden.com/2011/03/poncirus-trifoliata-or- flying-dragon.html?m=1 Remember: you’re trying to create a dramatic accent for a specific space
63.
Visit the container
garden at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden © Project SOUND
64.
Some S. CA
families with architectural shrubs The Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) The Rose family (Rosaceae) Roses Prunus species Heteromeles The Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) © Project SOUND http://encinitasnatives.blogspot.com/2014/09/baja-plants.html
65.
© Project SOUND Spurge
family (Euphorbiaceae) Large - > 6000 species worldwide Occur mainly in the tropics Most are herbaceous plants - some tropical shrubs and trees A number of plants of the Spurge family are of considerable economic importance. Prominent plants include Manioc, the Castor bean, and the Para rubber tree. Many are grown as ornamental plants, such as Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima). Local species: Chamaesyce; Croton; Euphorbia, Acalypha There is a greater variety in the genus Euphorbia than any other group of succulents in the world.
66.
© Project SOUND Cliff
(California) Spurge – Euphorbia misera © 2005 TRNERR P. Roullard t
67.
© Project SOUND Cliff
(California) Spurge – Euphorbia misera http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Euphorbia+misera Primarily a Mexican species Limited distribution: in Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties; on San Clemente and Santa Catalina islands in Los Angeles County; on the mainland and Isla Guadalupe in Baja California, Mexico. Grows on sandy coastal bluffs, south facing slopes of coastal scrub, coastal bluff scrub and Mojavean desert scrub (rocky) Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
68.
© Project SOUND Cliff
spurge is an interesting little shrub Size: 2-4 ft tall & wide Growth form: Shrub or sub-shrub Unusual stem-succulent plant; looks like a miniature tree Many-branched with grayish bark Foliage: Leaves bright green fading to dull green, rounded Drought-deciduous Looks like a succulent http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/cliffspurge.html
69.
© Project SOUND Plant
Requirements Soils: Texture: sand or sandy best (but doing ok in Madrona Garden clays – so far) pH: best 6.0 to 7.0 Light: Full sun to part shade (in hot gardens) Water: Winter: no flooding? Summer: wide range of tolerance (Zone 1 to 2-3); best as 2 w/ occasional spray Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: likes seaside conditions
70.
© Project SOUND Flowers
are fantastic Blooms: usually Jan-June in our area Flowers: What appears to be a single flower is in reality a cyathium, a cup-shaped involucre in which there is a single female flower with one pistil surrounded by male flowers consisting of one stamen each. Small but really showy close up – place where you can appreciate Nectar attracts bees, butterflies, hummingbirds Seeds: wrinkled seeds in round capsule © 2006 Steve Matson Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
71.
© Project SOUND Garden
uses for Cliff Spurge As a specimen shrub – very unusual As an attractive pot plant; popular for bonsai In a Baja plant garden or rock garden Suitable for xeriscaping Small scale makes it good choice for small areas http://www.sfloridacactus.org/pictures.html http://www.desertmuseum.org/programs/succulents_gallery5.html
72.
Keys to successful
‘Architectural pots’ Choose pots appropriate for architectural style Limit the container palette: all the same or similar size, shape or color Choose plants that look good year round Choose plants that are large and/or dramatic in some way – ‘plant divas’ Manage the plants: always look good © Project SOUND http://www.crateandbarrel.com/zinc-tall-square- planter/s391046?si=2205077&aff=cj http://gardenergardens.com/big-plant-pots/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/85638830388182705/
73.
Repetition: an easy design
element © Project SOUND http://www.realsimple.com/home- organizing/gardening/outdoor/easy-container- gardens-0 http://housingstorm.com/potted-plants-growing- activity.html/outdoor-potted-plants http://www.thisnext.com/item/0F836FB4/FF4C16B1/Bubble-Plant-Pot http://www.plantcontainers.com/
74.
© Project SOUND *
California Copperleaf – Acalypha californica http://www.inaturalist.org/photos/310547
75.
© Project SOUND *
California Copperleaf – Acalypha californica Peninsular Range of San Diego County and the western Colorado (Sonoran) Desert. Rocky slopes and along washes to about 4000 ft. Chaparral, Southern Oak Woodland http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3618,3619,3620 © Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College ©2012 Gary A. Monroe
76.
The Copperleaves: genus
Acalypha Family: Euphorbiaceae One of the largest euphorb genera: approximately 450 to 462 species 60% of species native to the Americas and about 30% in Africa Species primarily tropical or sub- tropical Some species grown as house or garden plants; some, indeed, have copper leaves Many used in traditional medicine (for wide range of ailments) © Project SOUND http://posture.doonks.com/Acalypha.html http://www.gardenality.com/Plants/1461/Perennial-Plants/Copper-Leaf-Acalypha.html
77.
© Project SOUND California
copperleaf: an attractive shrub Size: 3-4 ft tall 3-4 ft wide Growth form: Mounded sub-shrub with many slender branches New bark red; older is gray Evergreen Foliage: Leaves small, simple with wavy edges Very neat appearance © Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College ©2012 Gary A. Monroe
78.
© Project SOUND Flowers
are dramatic Blooms: off & on with rains/irrigation; main bloom seasons in spring and fall Flowers: Separate male, female flowers along spikes Female flowers have long, slender, red/pink styles, leafy bracts Male flowers darker, with white pollen visible Very pretty in bloom! Seeds: small, dark, pitted http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/plants/Euphorbiaceae/Acalypha%20californica.htm
79.
Medicinal qualities of
CA copperleaf Foliage extracts used as anti-cancer drug by Pima Indians (AZ) and Mexican native peoples One recent study: ‘Because of the antiproliferative activity observed, our results provide a rational basis for the use of extracts of A. californica in treating various types of cancer in traditional medicine from Mexico. The extracts induce apoptosis via activation of caspases.’ © Project SOUND © 2003 Michael Charters
80.
© Project SOUND Easy
garden plant Soils: Texture: adaptable; clays OK pH: any local (6.0-8.0) Light: Full sun to part-shade (afternoon shade best in hot gardens, pots) Water: Winter: needs good rains Summer: very adaptable; Water Zones 1-2 to 2-3; looks best 2 to 2-3 Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils Other: nice natural shape; wear gloves when handling – sap may cause rash ©2012 Gary A. Monroe http://www.plantsystematics.org/imgs/dws/r/Euphorbiaceae_Acalypha_cali fornica_26523.html
81.
© Project SOUND Nice
green shrub Useful as small, evergreen shrub or accent plant Sometimes used as low hedge Looks great with local native plants or in desert-themed garden Attractive in planters or large containers http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/10--acalypha-californica http://snowbirdpix.com/sonoran_desert_plant_page.php?id=1603
82.
Native shrubs with
dense foliage can be trimmed formally © Project SOUND © 2003 Michael Charters http://www.anthropologie.com/anthro/category/pots++planters/home-garden- pots.jsp?cm_sp=TOPNAV-_-HOME-_-GARDEN-POTS#/
83.
Accents don’t need
to be floral © Project SOUND They just need to provide interest and contrast with surrounding plants & hardscape http://lostinthelandscape.com/2012/06/
84.
© Project SOUND http://www.thelovelyplants.com/category/grass/ Grasses
& grass-like plants add a sculptural element… http://www.fanrto.com/ideas_for_balcony_design_ornament al_grasses_as_a_decorative_element/
85.
© Project SOUND Leafy
(Mendocino/ Dwarf) Reedgrass - Calamagrostis foliosa J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database
86.
© Project SOUND Leafy
Reedgrass - Calamagrostis foliosa Pacific Reedgrass - Calamagrostis nutkaensis Both are CA natives: Leafy: North Coast, Outer North Coast Ranges Pacific: Central Coast, San Francisco Bay Area, North Coast to AK Leafy: Uncommon on bluffs, cliffs, coastal scrub, forest Pacific: Wet areas, beaches, dunes, coastal woodland < 1000 ft Leafy Reedgrass http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,8886,8890 Pacific Reedgrass
87.
© Project SOUND Pacific
Reedgrass – in N. California http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/2005/12/calamagrostis_nutkaensis.php Can be treated as either a ground cover or a specimen grass
88.
© Project SOUND Choose
the Reedgrass that best fits your garden needs Leafy (C. foliosa): 1-2 ft tall; flower stalks are taller Dense gray-green foliage; purple tinge in winter Finer texture, scale than Pacific Reedgrass Rare in nature: CA state rare list Excellent in dry streambed, swale Pacific (C. nutkaensis): 3-4 ft tall; 3 ft wide – flower stalks are taller Striking as accent plant or as background in "grass gardens". More common Good as a large accent or foundation plant http://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/online_album/0595.htm http://www.mostlynatives.com/notes/calamagrostisnutkaensis.htm
89.
© Project SOUND Reedgrasses:
versatile like Rye grasses Light: full sun to heavy shade Water: green (and probably look best) with some summer water but quite drought tolerant Foliage: somewhat coarse, but always has some color Flowers showy: like Pampas Grass Good for meadows, erosion control, banks/slopes Good in coastal settings, as it tolerates wind and salt spray. http://www.edgehill.net/2002-09-22-salt-point/pages/39-2P1010242_.htm http://community.webshots.com/album/390986754KTdYzf
90.
© Project SOUND http://i67.photobucket.com/albums/h319/achnatherum/ Grassses/P7210001b.jpg http://www.greatgardenplantsblog.com/category/ornamental-grasses/ http://www.gardendesign.com/ornamental-grasses/ http://www.fanrto.com/ideas_for_balcony_design_ornament al_grasses_as_a_decorative_element/
91.
Grasses & grass-like
plants can provide stunning, evergreen accents © Project SOUND http://www.imamuseum.org/blog/2010/09/03/contain ed-joy/ Note how the choice of pot helps determine the style of these accents
92.
© Project SOUND Fiber
Optic Grass – Isolepis cernuus USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database http://rlsnyder.us/blog/category/shopping-for-new-plants/
93.
© Project SOUND Fiber
Optic Grass – Isolepis cernuus http://www.fws.gov/humboldtbay/plantguide/sedges/sci_cer_2.html © 2002 Margo Bors Coastal West from British Columbia to Texas, Baja and S. America Wet, freshwater to brackish places on beaches, dunes, marine bluffs, sandy areas, mostly coastal ?? LA River native
94.
© Project SOUND Fiber
optic grass: grass-like sedge Size: to 1 ft tall; ‘Dwarf’ is < 6 inches 1-3 ft wide Growth form: Mounded, grass-like plant Evergreen; looks good year-round Spreads slowly via short rhizomes Foliage: Leaves/stems slender, grass-like Bright green color – fresh, almost tropical Note: All parts of plant toxic if eaten
95.
© Project SOUND Flowers
add to the charm Blooms: late spring through fall in S. CA. Good for summer interest Flowers: Typical, understated flowers of the sedges – wind pollinated At tips of stems – like Spikerush Pale in flower, becoming darker Young flowers look like glowing tip of fiber optic cable – hence common name. Seeds: eaten by birds Vegetative reproduction: slow http://www.answers.com/topic/dudleya http://www.fws.gov/humboldtbay/plantguide/sedges/sci_cer_2.html http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?strLetter=S&plant_id=1490&page=4
96.
© Project SOUND Likes
its water! Soils: Texture: very adaptable pH: any local Light: Full sun if in/near water Part-sun to fairly shady otherwise Water: Winter: very moist soil; shallow flooding Summer: moist soils; regular water or plant around a pond/pool Fertilizer: occasional ½ strength fertilizer if grown in container Other: wear gloves when handling; may cause rash © Jamie Fenneman (Photo ID #4101) Cut back yearly for best appearance
97.
© Project SOUND Plant
for moist areas Pond or pool side; even in containers slightly submerges Bog/wetland gardens Very attractive pot plant – super shape, color Any other place with moist soilshttp://www.mwgs.org/index.php?rte=pltviewd&pid=56&cid=6# http://www.deborahsilver.com/blog/tag/fiber-optic-grass/ http://artisticgardener.net/grasses/scirpuscer.htm
98.
Grasses & grass-like
plants: architectural alternatives for succulents © Project SOUND http://www.thegardenglove.com/using- architectural-plants-in-the-garden/ Several shapes appropriate for ‘Architectural Pots’
99.
Another use of
containers: barrier/screen © Project SOUND http://www.succulentsandmore.com/2013/06/vista-garden.html https://www.pinterest.com/ks1phx/gardens -oranamental-grass/ Architectural containers can provide green barriers in challenging situations
100.
© Project SOUND https://www.pinterest.com/fdsminnesota/int erior-planters/ http://rockspringdesign.com/blog/?p=1015 http://www.myurbangardendecoguide.com/pots-and-planters/ http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showi mage/176884/ Containers
for barriers/screen: more good choices all the time May not be cheap, but they’re an investment (like a piece of garden sculpture)
101.
Grasses aren’t the
only plants being used for barriers/screens © Project SOUND http://www.thedangergarden.com/2012/05/back-from-quick-trip-to-southern.html Huntington Gardens http://agrowingobsession.co m/?p=67011 http://community.homedepot.com/howto/DiscussionDet ail/Bamboo-zled-9065000000006im Consider Narrowleaf willow as a bamboo alternative http://garden.freluxe.com/decorative-garden-containers/
102.
Upright forms © Project
SOUND https://www.pinterest.com/marcelushka/plantas/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/452400725043313417/ Look great with modern, sculptural pots and planters https://www.pinterest.com/lovemyart2/outdoor-gardens/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/5372 65430518475793/
103.
Large potted ‘grasses’
make striking accent plants – or be used as barriers/screens Carex spissa Equisetum spp. – Horsetails Juncus patens Leymus condensatus Muhlenbergia rigens - Deergrass Schoenoplectus spp. -Tules Typha species – Cattails © Project SOUND https://www.gardenia.net/garden/a-contemporary-provencal-courtyard- suzman-design-associates
104.
© Project SOUND *San
Diego sedge – Carex spissa
105.
Central &
S. Coast of CA & Baja; AZ Streambanks below 2000‘ In coastal sage scrub, chaparral, foothill woodland communities © Project SOUND *San Diego sedge – Carex spissa http://www.landscaperesource.com/plants/grasses- grasslike/carex-spissa.htm http://herbaria4.herb.berkeley.edu/eflora_display.php?t id=17845
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© Project SOUND Characteristics
of San Diego sedge Size: 2-5+ ft tall 3-6 ft wide, slowly spreading via rhizomes Growth form: Perennial with upright to mounding habit; mature clumps are dense Warm season bunching/ spreading sedge Evergreen (or nearly so); slow to establish Foliage: Leaves pale green to blue-green Long, narrow and grass-like larval food source for Umber Skipper (Poanes melane)
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© Project SOUND Showy
flowers for a sedge Blooms: late spring to early fall Flowers: Wind-pollinated, so no showy petals Small flowers along a stout blooming stalk The flowers are actually large for a sedge – note the dangling stamens Seeds: birds love them! Vegetative reproduction: slowly spreading via rhixomes
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© Project SOUND Plant
Requirements Soils: Texture: any pH: any local Light: Full sun to full shade; useful ornamental ‘grass’ for shady areas. Water: Winter: good rains or irrigation Summer: wide range; moist soils will keep green, but can take fairly dry conditions Fertilizer: none or ½ strength in containers Other: cut back after flowering; or mow every few years to rejuvenate
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© Project SOUND Garden
uses for San Diego sedge Bog gardens, rain gardens and infiltration swales As a large ornamental ‘grass’ in moist, shady areas Around ponds, pools As an attractive large pot plant http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plan ts/plantimage.asp?plant_id=350
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Growing native grasses
in containers Advantages Allow you to grow grasses with special requirement Contains them; keeps from spreading Useful and distinctive accent features Allows you to grow several different grasses & feature each May allow you to grow grasses with unusual light conditions: shade; bright sun © Project SOUND http://maree-clarkson.blogspot.com/2013/12/ornamental-grasses-in-garden.html
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Grasses & grass-like
plants add a sculptural element… Mounded Some Carex (praegracilis; tumulticola) Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) Deergrass (Muhlenbergia rigens) © Project SOUND http://gardengallery.ca/ornamental-grasses-2 Upright-arching Purple three-awn (Aristida) Native Needlegrasses (Achnatherum)(Stipa/ Nassella) Arching Fiber-optic grass Reedgrasses (Calamagrostis) Fescues (Festuca) Alkali sacaton (Sporobolus) Upright Cyperus Spike-rush (Eleocharis) Equisetum Many rushes (Juncus) Tules (Schoenoplectus) Cattails (Typha)
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Upright forms © Project
SOUND http://www.gapphotos.com/imagedetails.asp?imageno=479104 Achnatherum http://www.goerie.com/exciting-plant- choices-for-containers http://hiddenhillsgarden.com/blog/?p=1626 https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/ images/43777 Purple threeawn Aristida purpurea
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Open grasses provide
a billowy seasonal accent © Project SOUND http://hoffmannursery.com/home/the-plants/muhlenbergia-pag/ Alkali sacaton - Sporobolus airoides
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Arching forms can
stand alone © Project SOUND https://www.seedman.com/ornamentalgrass.htm http://www.dutchbulbs.co.uk/plant-0001416-ke-1/festuca-glauca-elijah-blue/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/85638830388182705/
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In summary: many
native plants can be used as striking architectural accents © Project SOUND Cheekwood Botanical Garden & Museum of Art Nashville, Tennessee,
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Which brings us
to the last designer solution: mixed containers © Project SOUND http://www.gardendesign.com/pictures/grasses-as-container-plants_176/#3694
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The ‘evergreen pot’
solution: striking (but not necessarily easy) Combining several plants in the same container to provide year-round interest Practical considerations: Pot size & shape – managing several plants in the same container Careful plant choice is essential: Must all have the same soil, light, nutrient and water requirements Must ‘play nice together’ Must all have appropriate size and growth rates Must all look nice (at least OK) year-round © Project SOUND http://www.greengardeningstl.com/articles/page/8/
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And there also
are aesthetic considerations Whether to feature pot, plants or both Pot must enhance the appearance of a group of plants – can be challenging Plants must look good together and provide enough contrast to be interesting year-round: Size, shape Foliage color, texture Flowers, fruits, seeds © Project SOUND https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/ images/43777
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Grasses and grass-like
plants are often included ‘evergreen pots’ © Project SOUND http://www.greengardeningstl.com/articles/page/8/ http://www.drsnellnursery.com/post.php?id=64&ye ar-round-container-gardens Grass-like plants add structure and serve as background to showy, often seasonal, plants http://containercrazyct.com/tag/container- garden-workshop/
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Designing an ‘evergreen container’
For a pleasing blend of plants, remember “accent, filler, and spiller.” Choose an upright accent plant in the center, plant filler around it, and include spiller cascading over the edge. Can be done with any plants that share the same garden requirements. Be creative: use succulents, perennials, annuals, even vegetables and herbs. © Project SOUND
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Upright-arching ‘grasses’ make
good accent plants in ‘evergreen pots’ © Project SOUND http://www.romencegardens.com/index.cfm/fusea ction/plants.printDetail/plant_id/446/index.htm https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/juncus/quartz-creek-soft-rush-juncus-effusus They are dramatic in their own right – and also provide a good background for other plants
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Mounded forms make
good filler plants © Project SOUND http://anativegarden.com/blog/container-gardening/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/188729040608802953/ http://gardenclub.homedepot.com/planting-ornamental-grasses- in-containers/
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Hint for creating
‘evergreen pots’ with CA natives: choose plants that take moist soils © Project SOUND Photo by Laura Camp at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden • It’s difficult to keep ‘dry summer’ plants appropriately watered in summer. Best to plant them individually. • Plants that like moist soils are much easier to manage – they are better-suited for mixed ‘evergreen pots’ Mimulus 'Ruby Silver' (Hybrid Monkeyflower),
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Summer shade Pots
get hotter and drier than surrounding soil Consider: Using light-colored pots Using the ‘cache pot’ solution Moving potted plants to a shadier location in summer © Project SOUND
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Green oasis in
a container: doesn’t need to be a pond garden Some rushes, sedges and other native wetland plants need moist soil – but not standing water Advantages over pond garden: Wider range of plants Requires less water Less problems with mosquitos, raccoons and other ‘pond pests’ Provides excellent habitat for wide range of birds, insects Provides useful plants: basketry, medicinals, edibles © Project SOUND
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Building a mixed
moist container Choose the container Size Shape, color Material Choose the plants Something evergreen Something for spring color Something for summer interest/color © Project SOUND http://yacineaziz.com/inspired-plant-pots-convention-london-shabby-chic-entry- decorating-ideas-black-door-black-front-door-door-knocker-front-door-wreath- house-number-lantern-wall/ Native plants can often be used to create the desired look
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Natives work well
for this container © Project SOUND Yerba mansa Equisetum
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Flowering accents for
spring/summer color © Project SOUND Seep Monkeyflower Scarlet Monkeyflower Yerba mansa
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© Project SOUND CA
Sea Thrift – Armeria maritima ssp. californica © 2007 Neal Kramer
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© Project SOUND CA
Sea Thrift – Armeria maritima ssp. californica © 2011 Chris Winchell Charles Webber © California Academy of Sciences http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi- bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5645,5646,0,5647 Possibly S. Coast; definitely Santa Rosa Isl., San Luis Obispo Co (Cambria; Santa Lucia Mtns near San Simeon). Ocean bluffs, ridges, coastal strand, sand, exposed grasslands, < 1000 ft elevation.
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The Plumbagos –
Family Plumbaginaceae Cosmopolitan – Tropics to Arctic Of in coastal areas including salt marshes. Flowers have a 5-lobed calyx (whose tube is often ribbed) and a 5-lobed corolla, although the corolla lobes may be separate almost to their base. The flowers of some members of Plumbaginaceae have a paper-like texture to the calyx and/or corolla The popular cultivated flowers Statice, Cape plumbago and Armeria (Sea thrifts) belong to this family. © Project SOUND https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbaginaceae
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© Project SOUND CA
sea thrift: small, flowering perennial Size: < 1 ft tall 1-2 ft wide Growth form: Herbaceous perennial from a woody root Dense, mounded tuft; spread slowly Foliage: Leaves medium green, linear and grass-like, in basal rosette Roots: Woody tap root© 2011 Chris Winchell © 2007 Neal Kramer
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© Project SOUND Flowers
are adorable Blooms: mid-spring to mid- summer Flowers: Tiny pink flowers in dense clusters (like pom poms) Flowers above the foliage Very attractive Attracts native bees, butterflies Vegetative reproduction: produces new plantlets © 2007 Neal Kramer © 2004, Ben Legler
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© Project SOUND Plant
Requirements Soils: Texture: best in clays pH: any local Light: Full sun only on immediate coast; part-sun or filtered sun elsewhere Water: Winter: needs good rains Summer: regular water (Water Zone 2-3 or 3) Fertilizer: none; ½ strength in containers Other: deadhead to prolong bloom season. May be short- lived (2-3 years) in our climate. © 2008 John Dittes
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© Project SOUND Garden
uses for As a groundcover in most areas As a border for mixed beds As an attractive pot plant In N. coastal prairie plantings © 2004, Ben Legler http://www.calfloranursery.com/plants/armeria- maritima-ssp-californica http://www.cnps.org/cnps/grownative/tips /lawn_alternatives.php http://www.imagejuicy.com/images/plants/a/armeria/10/ http://www.sacvalleycnps.org/gardening/pla ntinfo.html
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Local ‘wetland groundcovers’
make good trailers © Project SOUND https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/ images/43777 Salty susan Lippia/Fog fruit
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© Project SOUND *Harlequin
lotus – Hosackia gracilis © 2008, G. D. Carr
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AKA: Lotus
formosissimus Central & N. Coastal ranges to British Columbia; habitat becoming rare in wild Moist soil, from near sea level to lower elevations in the mountains Mixed Evergreen Forest, Northern Coastal Scrub, Closed-cone Pine Forest, wetland-riparian © Project SOUND *Harlequin lotus – Hosackia gracilis http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi- bin/get_cpn.pl?Hosackia+gracilis ©2004 Aaron Schusteff http://seedsofsuccess.smugmug.com/Bureau-of-Land- Management/OR931/i-vPcSF6S
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© Project SOUND Harlequin
lotus: herbaceous ground cover Size: < 1 ft tall 1-2+ ft wide, spreading Growth form: Herbaceous perennial groundcover Winter dormant in native range Foliage: Medium green, compound ‘pea’ leaves Oval leaflets typical of Lotus Roots: tap root Gerald and Buff Corsi © California Academy of Sciences http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Lotus-formosissimus/
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© Project SOUND Flowers
are fantastic Blooms: in spring - usually Mar- May in western L.A. County Flowers: Probably the prettiest of the native CA lotuses Flowers typical pea shape; bee pollenated Banner bright yellow; ‘keel’ pink or purple – very colorful Seeds: speckled, bean-like in pea pod Vegetative reproduction: via both rhizomes and stolons; forms mat- like cluster © 2008, G. D. Carr
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© Project SOUND Plant
Requirements Soils: Texture: adaptable pH: any local Light: sun (immediate coast), part-sun or fairly shady; Water: Winter: good winter rains Summer: adaptable, but looks best (stays green) with regular summer water Fertilizer: none; ½ strength fertilizer if grown in container. Other: cut back brown stems, if desired, when dormant. © Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College
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© Project SOUND Great
groundcover for moist places Bog gardens, rain gardens or around ponds and pools Groundcover for other moist areas – under trees As an attractive pot plant; drapes beautifullyhttp://www.baynatives.com/plants/Lotus-formosissimus/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/eastbaywilds/7187337125 http://seedsofsuccess.smugmug.com/Bureau-of-Land-Management/OR931/i-vPcSF6S
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Four ways the
pros manage native plants in pots Use stationary pots, but switch out the plants seasonally (the ‘cache pot’ solution) Move pots around to accent the seasonal characteristics: the ‘pot staging’ solution Choose plants that have year-round beauty (foliage color; shape; etc.): the ‘architectural pot’ approach Combine several plants to provide year- round interest: the ‘evergreen pot’ solution © Project SOUND http://i67.photobucket.com/albums/h319/achn atherum/Grassses/P7210001b.jpg
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© Project SOUND http://coldcalculation.blogspot.com/2007/10/seed-germination-progress-report.html https://www.provenwinners.com/plants/ images/43777 Use
native plants or combine with compatible non-natives for year-round beauty
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Useful on-line resources
http://anativegarden.com/blog/container-gardening/ Theodore Payne ‘Containers’ list: http://theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Contai ners Pete Veilleux Containers list : http://harveymilk.com/wp- content/uploads/2011/02/Good-California-Plants-for- Containers.pdf Project SOUND/MNBY List: © Project SOUND
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CSUDH/Project SOUND Plant
Sale Friday 11/13 – noon to 4:30 Saturday 11/14 – noon to 3:00 For details: Native Plants at CSUDH blog © Project SOUND
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Pruning workshops © Project
SOUND
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Next month: Heucheras ©
Project SOUND
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