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Latest development in the area of phonetics and phonology ,[object Object],[object Object]

contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Currents of Theory ,[object Object],[object Object]

Currents of Theory ,[object Object],choice of words, selection of options within the grammatical system, or exploitation of phonological distinctions.

[object Object],and the significance of any particular selection within a system rests in the contrast between what is selected and what could have been selected.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Phonetics and phonology before the 20 th century ,[object Object],Their primary concern seems to have been to maintain the correct pronunciation of what was already becoming a classical language

The phoneme ,[object Object],Interests in spelling and pronunciation were now benefiting from technological advances that made it possible to investigate speech by instrumental methods.

Phonology in North America ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Sapir’s phonology was explicitly mentalist while Bloomfield allied himself with the new behaviorist psychology

[object Object],The Second paper 1933 is explicitly entitled “The psychological Reality of Phonemes”

Glossematic and Satrificational phonology ,[object Object],He affirmed that a phoneme must be defined by means of its function in language, not by physical or psychological criteria.

[object Object],He entertained such possibilities as analyzing French / e:/ as /ea/ and Danish /n/ as /ng/.

[object Object],It falls within the broad tradition of Saussurean structuralism and shows particular influence from glossematics

[object Object],The units of this stratum, phonemes, are represented as points in a network which links each phoneme in three directions

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Generative phonology ,[object Object],The phonological component of such a grammar would be a set of phonological rules applying to the underlying forms of the language and yielding surface phonetic representations

[object Object],The model shows phonology as syntactic componen t that generates grammatical sequences of the language. These grammatical structures so called ‘surface surface structures are complete with lexical items and reflect the grammatical rules of the language. The lexical items in surface structures bring with them their underlying phonological representation s in the form of feature matrices

Samantic Component Base Syntactic ruls Transformationl Syntactic rules Phonological rules Surface structures Semantic representations Deep Structures Deep Structures

Auto segmental and CV phonology ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],His thesis announces a claim about the ‘ geometry’ of phonetic representation in the context of what he calls the absolute slicing hypothesis’

[object Object],[object Object],different tier, represented below segmental features.

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