It is for Ethernet layer in networking.

1. CSMA / CD
D.C.Lal

2. Start of Transmission
• At time t=0, a frame is sent on the idle medium by NIC A.

3. B Starts Transmission
• A short time later, NIC B also transmits.

4. Collission Detection
• NIC at B detects the other transmission
from A
• B starts to transmit the Ethernet Jam
sequence (32 bits).

5. Jam Sequence
• After one complete round trip propagation time, B
ceases transmission of the Jam Sequence, however A
continues to transmit a complete Jam Sequence till
completion of one round trip.