16. The Annunciation Leaf from a Breviary or Missal German 12th Century Colours and gold leaf on vellum *few shadows, reduced depth, symbolism
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27. Church of Santiago de Compostela, Spain 11th to 13th centuries • worshippers would embark on a difficult journey to pilgrimage churches which were built larger and larger • people believed that praying for a saint would assure plentiful harvests, cures for diseases, and the promise of eternal salvation • soon churches and shelters were built along these routes
28.
29. The Barrel Vault • the need for stone roofs led to rebirth of this Roman building technique: barrel vaults • the thick walls and lack of windows led to the term “fortresses of God”
31. • inside is spacious but dark and gloomy • no surprises; nave, side aisles, transept and apse are quickly identified • not fancy or ornate • feels like a stone castle Plan of Romanesque Church
32. • relief sculptures were commonly found on the tympanum (half round panel over the doorway of the church) and the capitals of the columns inside West portal and tympanum, Leyre Monastery, Spain, 12th Century Romanesque brought about a revival of the sculptor’s craft • churches used relief sculptures as a way to teach the illiterate
33. • position of tympanum was ideal for worshippers gaze • shape of tympanum demanded larger figures towards the center and smaller ones to the sides • popular subjects like the last judgment were well-suited
34. Last Judgment, Church of Santa Maria, Spain Can you figure out which side is heaven and hell?
35. Santa Maria façade, Spain 12th to 13th centuries *multiple stories flank the facade