2. Declaration of Acknowledgement of Traditional Territories
As we gather together at the Main-Gerard Co-op, we acknowledge this sacred
land where we meet.
It has been a site of human activity for 15,000 years.
This land is the territory of the Huron-Wendat and Petun First Nations, the Seneca
and, most recently, the Mississaugas of the Credit River.
The territory was the subject of the Dish With One Spoon Wampum Belt
Covenant, an agreement between the Iroquois Confederacy and Confederacy of
the Ojibwe and allied nations to peaceably share and care for the resources
around the Great Lakes.
Today, the meeting place of Toronto is still the home to many indigenous people
from across Turtle Island and we are grateful to have the opportunity to work in
the community on this territory.
We are also mindful of broken covenants and the need to strive to make right with
all our relations.
3. Introductions
• Name
• Co-op
• Job Title
• Type of buildings at your co-op (townhouses, high-rise, etc.?)
• Age of buildings
• Types of flooring in use
• Concerns about existing flooring
• Do you install flooring yourself, use contractors, or both?
Please introduce yourself and tell us a bit about why you chose to
attend this workshop.
4. How many types of
flooring in this
discussion?
1. Luxury Vinyl Tile & Plank
2. Vinyl Composite Tile
3. Sheet Vinyl & Adhesive Tiles
4. Linoleum
5. Laminate
6. Parquet
8. Engineered Wood
9. Ceramic & Porcelain Tile
11. Cork
12. Bamboo
7. Hardwood Strip
10. Carpet
5. What types of
flooring are not
included?
1. Natural Stone & Travertine
(too expensive)
2. Rubber
(too trendy)
3. Liquid Epoxy
(too new school)
4. Terrazzo
(too Italian)
5. Polished Concrete
(too Industrial)
6. Leather
(too hipster)
8. Dirt
(too old-fashioned; may attract hippies)
7. Painted plywood
(too crude)
6. How do we make comparisons?
1. Ease of Installation - DIY, Skilled, Professional
2. Upkeep Required - Routine, Moderate, High Maintenance
3. Repairability - Routine, Moderate, Difficult
4. Water Resistance - Good, Moderate, Poor
5. Scratch Resistance - Good, Moderate, Poor
6. Resiliency - Resilient, Some Resilience, Brittle
7. Environmental Impact - Low, Moderate, High
8. Cost - Low, Moderate, High
8. Preparing to lay a new floor
• Emptying the room of contents and
fixtures if necessary
• Removal of wall trims
• Removal of old floor covering
• Reinforcing and repairing the
subfloor
• Smoothing & levelling the subfloor;
pulling nails or staples and
scraping old adhesive
• Providing an appropriate
underlayment
9. Preparing to lay a new floor
• Emptying the room of contents and
fixtures if necessary
• Removal of wall trims
• Removal of old floor covering
• Reinforcing and repairing the
subfloor
• Smoothing & levelling the subfloor;
pulling nails or staples and
scraping old adhesive
• Providing an appropriate
underlayment
12. 1. Luxury Vinyl Tile & Plank
• LVF, LVP, LVT, PVC - what’s
with all the acronyms?
• Appearance is impressive
• Installation can be DIY
• Water resistance is excellent
• Scratch resistance is poor
• Resilient flooring
• Repairability is not easy
• Environmental impact is poor
• Cost is moderate - $4.50 sq ft
13. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile
Sheet Vinyl
Linoleum
Laminate
Ceramic Tile
Parquet
Hardwood
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
14. 2. Vinyl Composite Tile
• What is it, what goes into it?
A note about asbestos.
• Periodic maintenance req’d
• Installation requires skill
• Water resistance is average
• Scratch resistance is
moderate
• Can be brittle
• Repairability is good
• Environmental impact is poor
• Cost is low - $1.00 sq ft
15. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl
Linoleum
Laminate
Ceramic Tile
Parquet
Hardwood
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
16. 3. Sheet vinyl and adhesive tiles
• What is it, what goes into it?
A note about asbestos.
• No periodic maintenance
• Installation can be DIY
• Water resistance is moderate
• Scratch resistance is not
great
• Resilient
• Repairability can be difficult
• Environmental impact is poor
• Cost is low - $1.00 sq ft
17. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum
Laminate
Ceramic Tile
Parquet
Hardwood
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
18. 4. Linoleum
• What is it, what goes into it?
• No periodic maintenance
• Installation - skilled or pro
• Water resistance is moderate
• Scratch resistance is not
great
• Resilient
• Repairability can be difficult
• Environmental impact is low
• Cost is moderate - $4.00 sq ft
19. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate
Ceramic Tile
Parquet
Hardwood
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
20. 5. Laminate
• What is it, what goes into it?
• No periodic maintenance
• Installation can be DIY
• Water resistance is poor
• Scratch resistance is
moderate
• Some resilience
• Repairability is difficult
• Environmental impact is
moderate
• Cost is low - $1.50 sq ft
21. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile
Parquet
Hardwood
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
22. 6. Ceramic & Porcelain Tile
• Talk about old school
• Good subfloor preparation
• Installation requires skill
• Water resistance is excellent
• Scratch resistance is
excellent
• Brittle, hard and cold
• Repairability is good
• Environmental impact is
moderate
• Cost starts low - $1.50 sq ft
but excludes installation.
• New products -
snapstone.com
23. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile SKILLED ROUTINE GOOD GOOD BRITTLE GOOD LOW
MODERAT
E
Parquet
Hardwood
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
24. 7. Parquet
• wood species and patterns
• Installation requires skill
• Finishing requires
professional equipment
• Water resistance is poor
• Scratch resistance is
moderate
• Repairability is good
• Environmental impact is
moderate
• Cost is moderate - $4.00 sq ft
plus refinishing
• Periodic maintenance req’d
25. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile SKILLED ROUTINE GOOD GOOD BRITTLE GOOD LOW
MODERAT
E
Parquet PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE BRITTLE GOOD MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Hardwood
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
26. 8. Solid Hardwood
• Not to be confused with...
• Installation - skilled and pro
• Periodic maintenance req’d
• Water resistance is poor
• Scratch resistance is
moderate; Janka Scale
• Can last 100 years
• Repairability is difficult
• Environmental impact is
moderate* (depends...)
• Cost starts at moderate -
$4.00 sq ft and upwards
27. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile SKILLED ROUTINE GOOD GOOD BRITTLE GOOD LOW
MODERAT
E
Parquet PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE BRITTLE GOOD MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Hardwood PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERATE
*
Engineered
Wood
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
28. 9. Engineered Hardwood
• Differing product quality
• Periodic maintenance
possible
• Installation requires skill
• Moisture resistance is better
than solid hardwood
• Scratch resistance is
moderate
• Repairability is good
• Environmental impact is
moderate
• Cost is moderate to high -
starts around $4.50 sq ft
29. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile SKILLED ROUTINE GOOD GOOD BRITTLE GOOD LOW
MODERAT
E
Parquet PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE BRITTLE GOOD MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Hardwood PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERATE
*
Engineered
Wood
SKILLED MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Carpet
Bamboo
Cork
30. 10. Carpet
• Natural vs Synthetic Fibres
Wool, Nylon, Polyester and
polypropylene (or Olefin)
• High maintenance
• Professional installation
• Repairability is difficult
• Environmental factors
• “Cradle-to-cradle”
• PET recycling
• Dust and mould
• Cost is moderate to high
• Limited use as in-suite finish?
• Pile, twist, density & face
weight
31. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile SKILLED ROUTINE GOOD GOOD BRITTLE GOOD LOW
MODERAT
E
Parquet PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE BRITTLE GOOD MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Hardwood PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERATE
*
Engineered
Wood
SKILLED MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Carpet PRO HIGH POOR GOOD RESILIENT DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERAT
E
Bamboo
Cork
32. 11. Bamboo
• A grass, not a hardwood
• Installation requires skill
• Periodic maintenance req’d
• Water resistance is poor
• Scratch resistance is good;
Janka Scale
• Repairability is difficult
• Environmental impact is low?
(depends...)
• Cost starts at moderate -
$4.00 sq ft and upwards
• Where it grows/comes from
• Manufacturing
33. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile SKILLED ROUTINE GOOD GOOD BRITTLE GOOD LOW
MODERAT
E
Parquet PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE BRITTLE GOOD MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Hardwood PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERATE
*
Engineered
Wood
SKILLED MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Carpet PRO HIGH POOR GOOD RESILIENT DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERAT
E
Bamboo SKILLED MODERATE POOR GOOD MODERATE DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERAT
E
Cork
34. 12. Cork
• Cork Oak (Quercus Suber)
• Installation requires skill
• Periodic maintenance req’d
• Water resistance is poor
• Scratch resistance is poor;
soft & resilient
• Repairability is good to mod.
• Environmental impact is low
(depends...)
• Cost starts at moderate -
$4.00 sq ft and upwards
• Where it grows/comes from
• Tiles vs engineered planks
35. Flooring Comparison Table
Ease of
Installation
Upkeep
Required
Water
Resistance
Scratch
Resistance
Resiliency Repairability
Environmental
Impact
Cost
Luxury Vinyl
Plank & Tile
DIY ROUTINE GOOD POOR RESILIENT MODERATE HIGH
MODERAT
E
Vinyl Tile SKILLED MODERATE MODERATE MODERATE SOME GOOD HIGH LOW
Sheet Vinyl DIY ROUTINE GOOD MODERATE RESILIENT DIFFICULT HIGH LOW
Linoleum SKILLED ROUTINE MODERATE MODERATE RESILIENT MODERATE LOW
MODERAT
E
Laminate DIY ROUTINE POOR MODERATE SOME DIFFICULT MODERATE LOW
Ceramic Tile SKILLED ROUTINE GOOD GOOD BRITTLE GOOD LOW
MODERAT
E
Parquet PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE BRITTLE GOOD MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Hardwood PRO MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERATE
*
Engineered
Wood
SKILLED MODERATE POOR MODERATE MODERATE DIFFICULT MODERATE
MODERAT
E
Carpet PRO HIGH POOR GOOD RESILIENT DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERAT
E
Bamboo SKILLED MODERATE POOR GOOD MODERATE DIFFICULT LOW?
MODERAT
E
Cork SKILLED HIGH POOR POOR RESILIENT
MODERATE
?
LOW
MODERAT
E
36. On behalf of the CoAction Board of Directors, thank you for supporting
CoAction workshops.
Please make sure you have signed up to receive our regular newsletters by
email.
Please consider becoming a member of CoAction. Many co-ops pay the
annual dues of members. All you have to do is ask your Board of Directors
and they usually say YES.
Please let us know your thoughts about this workshop and any other topics
you would like to see addressed. CoAction’s objectives are for education,
networking and advocacy of our members.
Please visit our website http://coactionsa.ca for resources.
Contact kent@coactionsa.ca
Hinweis der Redaktion
9:30 a.m. start. “Welcome to Flooring Solutions. Thank you for registering and coming today.”
Flooring can be a challenging issue when it comes to durability, installation, cost and the ability to repair or renew it. There are many solutions to covering a floor: ceramic, wood, vinyl and carpet are materials that have been in use for decades. “Old school” products like ceramic mosaic tile, oak strip, parquet, vinyl tile, sheet vinyl and carpet would be commonly found in many co-op units. In the 1980’s and 90’s, pre-finished wood, bamboo and man-made “click” laminates were introduced and old school materials like linoleum were re-introduced in different formats. There are “new school” products like locking vinyl tiles (LVT) or planks (LVP), engineered hardwood and porcelain tiles that have been showing up in the big box hardware stores in recent years. Are they any good? Are they better or worse than traditional types of flooring in terms of durability, ease of installation, repairability or cost? There are also old school and new school installation methods, tools and materials for subfloor preparation. Aesthetic value is a big factor for the co-op members living there. Environmental concerns are another factor. There’s a lot to consider before investing in a new floor.
9:33 a.m. Read the slide.
9:35 a.m. Presenter goes first to break the ice. Explain why I have chosen this topic.
working at an aging co-op with old floors
How to renew them? - very expensive and very time consuming
Concern about the environment, aesthetics, ease of installation etc.
Should be about 10 minutes max if there are 10 participants.
Make eye contact. Remember names.
Obviously, I’m kidding about the hippy reference. Sort of. There are dirt floors, usually referred to as earthen or adobe floors. They are much better suited to a warmer climate than we have here in Ontario. They are usually a mixture of clay and sand which can be hardened with resin.
Explain the table layout - flooring types down the x-axis and comparisons across the top y-axis.
Should be the the conclusion of the introduction by 10:00 a.m.
Prepare the audience for the next slide. “Prepare yourselves for what’s coming up!”
“Ooh!” Explain the photo - a water-damaged subfloor underneath a toilet. Quickly run down the process, bullet by bullet.
The removal of old floor coverings and the preparation of the subfloor can often take longer than the installation of the new floor, but they are crucial steps to achieving a successful, long-lasting floor installation. Whatever type of flooring you are preparing to install in a room, there are always basic preparation steps required before any installation can begin.
Emptying the room of furniture and objects.
Removal of perimeter wall trims like quarter-round or baseboards.
Removal of the old floor covering. In some cases new floors can be laid directly on top of old VCT. I have also heard of people installing ceramic on top of old ceramic and VCT, but I would not recommend this short cut myself. I always think of the poor bastard in the future who will have to tear out these floors. I have been that poor bastard on many occasions and I curse the installers who took this short cut.
Reinforcing the subfloor to provide a firm, less-flexible surface and a surface to bond the new floor onto. This is very important for ceramic and porcelain tile, as well as natural stone and travertine.
Smoothing the top of the subfloor by removing old adhesive, removing nails, staples and screws and levelling hollows and uneven gaps and voids.
Providing an appropriate underlayment.
Here’s what that section of floor looked like when finished.
“Wouldn’t it be magic if it happened like that in real life? Press a button, wave a magic wand - “swish and flick, Reparo!”
Discussion of floor structure - slab-on-grade is shown in photo. Discuss process of smoothing and levelling.
Concrete slab - This is the least complicated structure on which to install a floor. The surface of the concrete needs to be firm (no loose or flaking sections) and smooth. Smoothing and levelling the surface is very important and can be achieved with either a fast-setting levelling compound that is troweled and smoothed over any uneven and hollow sections, or a self-levelling compound that is mixed quite wet (soupy) and poured onto uneven sections, smoothed into place with a trowel and left to self-level or settle to a flat surface and cure.
In wood frame constructions like townhouses, houses or some low-rise buildings, there are several components to the floor structure.
Joists are the wooden boards that span the distance between foundation or supporting walls. They are spaced equally, almost always at a 16” on-centre distance and I have seen 2 X 8 up to 2 X 12 boards used for joists depending on the floor span and the age of the house. Modern construction may use man-made composite materials called engineered joists.
The subfloor is the base layer of the floor that is attached and supported by the joists. Any house made before 1970 likely does not have plywood as a subfloor. Century houses will likely have softwood tongue-and-groove planks laid perpendicular to the joists and blind-nailed directly into the floor joists with square-cut nails. If you have ever torn up a floor in a downtown Toronto house, you have encountered these floor boards. In many cases, you find missing boards or sections of plywood patches from old repairs underneath. Sometimes you also find missing joists from old heating or plumbing installations. Mid-century houses before the 1970’s often have subfloors made of softwood boards (1 X 4) laid across the joists diagonally and face nailed. These boards often have a bit of flex because they are not locked together by a tongue-and-groove joint and benefit from an added layer to stiffen the floor. More modern construction uses either plywood (5/8” up to 7/8” thick, often t & g) or OSB (oriented strand board) as a cheaper material.
Underlayment (or underlay) is a general term that refers to the layer of floor directly underneath the flooring finish. Providing an appropriate underlayment is a crucial step to laying a good floor. For carpet, the underlayment is referred to as underpad and is usually a layer of foam. Laminate floors usually require a thin layer of foam or cork sheet as the underlay which provides padding, sound-deadening and vapour protection. Other common materials for underlay are 1/4” plywood and 1/4” concrete board which are either nailed, stapled or screwed directly to the subfloor. Concrete board underlay can also be attached using a thinset tile adhesive. An additional type of underlayment used on concrete slabs, particularly below grade, are interlocking underlayment panels that are usually 24” X 24” and provide an important moisture barrier.
The floor covering is the surface layer of the floor and the topic of discussion for this workshop. It is the surface you look at and walk on. Our primary demands are for our floor to look good aesthetically and for it to stand up to the abuse of being stepped on and walked on. Additionally, we want it to be long-lasting, easily affordable, easy on the environment, easy to install, easy to repair and easy to maintain.
Work across the table and explain each cell.
Vinyl composite tile is a low-cost flooring at about $1.00 per square foot.
Cost is the main advantage of laminate flooring. The stuff is pretty cheap. Building supply centres have laminate flooring on sale commonly so it is easy to pick up inexpensive boxes of the stuff. Since it installs quite quickly, labour costs are also low. Laminate flooring can cost as little as $1.00 per square foot on sale.
Believe it or not, there are companies that have introduced a porcelain tile product that installs as floating floor. One such company is SnapStone, an American company that markets a porcelain tile mounted to a rubberized backer board. The system will install over any existing material and the tiles click together in a manner similar to a laminate or LVF product.
Parquet to purchase is around $4.00 per square foot. Installation, sanding and finishing costs are extra.
The price of hardwood flooring varies widely according to species and quality. A mid-price range is about $4.50 per square foot for pre-finished oak or maple. Unfinished flooring would const around $7 or $8 per square foot when sanding and finishing is included.