Presentation from 30/11-2/12/2012 Roma Cleanweb Hackathon, see http://italy.cleanweb.co

1. Energy: scenario and challenges
Samuel Carrara, PhD
Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM)
Cleanweb world tour – Roma Hackathon
November 30th – December 2nd, 2012
Università degli studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy

2. Why is energy so important?
6 bn 1 bn
↑ =
Source: IAC (2007)
1/8

3. Global primary energy demand and supply
81% (2011)
Source: WEO (2008)
2/8

4. The energy problem
Growing energy demand (fossils)
• Energy security
• Sustainability & Climate Change
3/8

5. Proven oil reserves (2011)
1653 Billion barrels
(+ 10% compared to
2001)
31 Billion barrels
(+ 12% compared to
2001)
Source: BP review (2012)
4/8

6. Fossil fuels availability
Source: WEO (2012)
“The Stone Age didn’t end because of a shortage of stones: the oil
age won't end because of a shortage of oil.” (Sheik Yemani, Saudi Oil
Minister, 1973)
5/8

7. Sustainability & Climate Change
CO2 Pre-industrial levels: 280 ppm
Current levels (2005): 380 ppm
Fossil Fuel
Concentration increase 8,000 years before industrialization: 20 ppm
Burning Concentration increase since 1750: 100 ppm
30
Billion tons
15 billion tons added
Go in every year
3000 billion tons CO
800 ppm 435 ppme 2
385
billion tons carbon
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.
Courtesy of Rob Socolow
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.
The image cannot be display ed. Your computer may not hav e enough memory to open the image, or the image may hav e been corrupted. Restart y our computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, y ou may hav e to delete the image and then insert it again.
Since 1750 anthropogenic CO2
emissions have come from:
Ocean Land Biosphere (net)
2/3 fossil fuels
1/3 land use change ≈8 + ≈7 = 15 billion tons Go out
6/8

8. Emissions / temperature correlation
Source: Reale (2007)
“Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the
mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in
anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations” (IPCC, 2007)
7/8

9. Temperature increase projections
Source: Connor (2009)
8/8